• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1198-1205
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• 2000

Effect of inhibitions of three kinds of Ginkgo biloba extracts(Ginkgo biloba extract, Ginkgolide A, and Ginkgolide B) on induction of reactive oxygen species and release of inflammation mediator arachidonic acid were tested. Three kinds of Ginkgo biloba extracts could not inhibit the pyrogallol auto-oxidation, but they showed the hydrogen atom donating activity in DPPH assay. When 10 ${\mu}M$ hydrogen peroxide and 400 ${\mu}g/mL$ of three kinds of Ginkgo biloba extracts were added to U937 monocytic macrophage, the induction of lipid peroxidation was not observed. The Ginkgo biloba extract showed the most powerful inhibition among the extracts. And only Ginkgolide A was good for the inhibition of the protein degradation. The release of inflammation mediator arachidonic acid was induced by adding TPA and calcimycin to U937. In this assay, even 10 ${\mu}g/mL$ of three different Ginkgo biloba extracts excellently blocked the release of arachidonic acid. Particularly, the inhibition efficiency of Ginkgolide B was about 11 times higher than that of induction, and was about 4 times higher than that of the control of noninduction. This result suggests that the release of arachidonic acid is not inhibited by the antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba extracts, but a pre-step of the release of arachidoinc acid is inhibited by Ginkgo biloba extracts.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2015

From study of antifungal actions on the rice sheath blight by using the extract of Ginkgo biloba outer seedcoats, we found that the extracts of Ginkgo biloba outer seedcoats of all treatment concentrations had inhibited the rice sheath blight. Among them, the most effective concentration was 250 mg/l at which the growth of microbe was 26 mm and even at the packaging test, when sprayed the G. biloba outer seedcoats at the level of 250 mg/l, the damage rate of the rice sheath blight was identified as 13%. As a result investigating the antifungal activity by separating polysaccharides from G. biloba outer seedcoats, it showed that the clear zone of 14 mm or more was formed at the concentration of 250 mg/l or higher. Based on these results, we concluded that the G. biloba outer seedcoat is a natural substance with the antifungal activity on the rice sheath blight.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2010

Antifungal effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts conducted for Pityrosporum ovale. Antifungal effect verified by diffusion test, optical density test and colony counting test under various concentration. Extract of ginkgo biloba leaves performed with 40% ethanol and 60% water solution at $60^{\circ}C$ and major components analyzed by HPLC. The concentrated extract have bilobalide and ginkgolide A and ginkgolide B and their concentration were 153.0 mg/L, 8403.5 mg/L and 2723.0 mg/L respectively. Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts gave 99.1% of antifungal effect for Pityrosporum ovale examined by colony counting method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves, seed and outer seedcoat against bacteria. Antimicrobial effects of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves (GBL), seed (GBS) and outer seedcoat (GBO) were examined by paper disc method and optical density method to determine minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to figure out the morphological change on the surface when Ginkgo biloba leaves extract was treated. The extracts of GBL, GBS and GBO were extracted by solvents such as methanol, ethanol, water. The methanol extract of GBL and GBO showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolitica except Escherichia coli and thus was further fractionated. The MICs of the chloroform fraction of GBL methanol extract were $125{\mu}g$/mL against B. subtilis, and L. monocytogenes; GBO methanol extract were $62.5{\mu}g$/mL against B. cereus and $125{\mu}g$/mL against B. subtilis, and L. monocytogenes. The microorganisms were treated with chloroform extracts ($2000{\mu}g$/mL) of GBL and GBO methanol extracts. It was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The cells were expanded and a part of cell wall was completely destructed by GBL and GBO. Thus Ginkgo biloba L. leaves and outer seedcoat could be further developed into a natural antimicrobial agent.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

Calli induced from Ginkgo bilha L. were cultured to investigate optimal culture conditions and identify the possibility production of useful compounds. Calli were obtained from leaves and stems of Ginkgo biloba seedlings and embryos on WP medium supplemented with 2mg/$\ell$ NAA and 5mg/$\ell$ kinetin. Chlorophyll-ricked green callus was inducted in MS liquid medium containing 1mg/$\ell$ NAA and 0.1mg/$\ell$ kinetin under light as 3 clones selected with origin. Embryo derived callus showed the highest growth rate. Analysis for flavonoids and their precursor was performed by TLC and EMS. A specific precursor of flavonoid was identified in callus, not in natural leaves. These findings indicate that tissue culture may produce rlavonoids.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.223-228
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• 2020

The need to steadily manage healthy hair for a beautiful hairstyle is emerging, and it is time to develop hair cosmetics using natural antioxidants that are harmless to the human body according to the needs of the times. Therefore Max. Load, Max. Stress, Max. Elongation, and breakage on the hair coated with the extract of Ginkgo biloba L. According to the Break Load, Break Stress, Break Elongation, Max. Various convergence property experiments such as modulus and Tangential modulus values were conducted. As a result of research, the hairs coated with Ginkgo biloba extract had an overall increase in intrinsic properties including tensile strength compared to the control group. Through this study, we intend to study the potential of Ginkgo biloba L. as a useful material for hair cosmetics such as permanent wave preparations as well as health supplements and medicines that have been released, and we expect that it will be provided as useful research data for the subsequent development of various hair cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2008

Objectives: We investigated the physical effects of the cosmetics containing Ginkgo biloba. with meridian massage on human skin by using non-invasive instruments. Methods: We made cosmetics containing the extract of Ginkgo biloba. and measured physiological effects such as skin moisturization, blood flow, skin color, sebum secretion, skin evenness of volunteers applied the cosmetic products with meridian massage for 2 weeks. Results: Topical applications of w/o cream that 1 % Ginkgo biloba. was emulsified, showed significant improvement of blood flow, water contents and $L{\ast}$ value of the face skin. And the skin evenness, sebum contents and skin surface smoothness were improved after 2 weeks. Conclusions: The combination of cosmetics containing the extract of Ginkgo biloba. with meridian massage improved the physical properties of human skin during a treatment. Especially the meridian massage played a role of enhancing the effect of the cosmetics containing Ginkgo biloba.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2003

Bioactivities of Korean ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) extract were investigated against several fungi, general bacteria and insect pests. Crude methanolic extracts of different parts of Korean ginkgo showed different bioactivities depending on the target organisms. The methanolic extract showed in vitro antimicrobial activity at dose of 200 ug per paper disc. The extract of ginkgo stalk was some higher than seed coat and root. The extract also showed a remarkable in vivo antifungal activity against green mold (Trichoderma harzianum) on compost surface of spawn bags and in vivo insecticidal activity to Nilaparvata lugens, Plutella xylostella and Tetranychus urticae. This study suggests that Korean ginkgo extracts have a potential as a natural pesticide.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.97-99
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• 1999

Endophytic fungi from Ginkgo biloba and Taxus cuspidata in Korea were screened for production of taxol. Eighteen and twelve fungal isolates from G. biloba and T. cuspidata, respectively, were shown to produce immunologically detectable amount of taxol. The highest production of taxol at 260 ng/l was achieved by stationary culture of an Alternaria isolate from G. biloba. The strain also produced unidentified antifungal agent(s) against Pythium ultimum. However, the activity gradually decreased when the strain was stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 6 months.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 1990

Seven flavonol glycosides from the EtOAc fraction of Ginkgo biloba leaves were identified by high performance liquid chromatography. Separation by reversed phase chromatography on $Lichrosorb^{\circledR}$ RP-18 column was achieved by isocratic elution. The content of the major acylated flavonol glycoside, kaempferol 3-0-[$6'-O-{p}-coumaroyl-{\beta}-_D-glucosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\alpha}-_L-rhamnoside$] was about 8.0% and 0.55% for EtOAc fraction and MeOH extract, respectively.