• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2010

Objectives: The aim of this experiment is to provide an objective differentiation of cultivated ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and wild ginseng through component analysis, and to know the change of ginsenoside components in the process for making red ginseng. Methods: Comparative analysis of ginsenoside $Rb_1,\;Rb_2$, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, $Rg_1,\;Rg_3,\;Rh_1$ and $Rh_2$ from the cultivated ginseng 4 and 6 years, cultivated wild ginseng, and wild ginseng were conducted using High Performance Liquid Chromatography(hereafter HPLC). And the same analyses were conducted in the process of red ginseng. Results: 1. For content comparison of ginsenoside $Rb_1$, Rc, Rd, Rf, $Rg_1$ and $Rh_1$, wild ginseng showed high content, followed cultivated ginseng 4 and 6 years, cultivated wild ginseng showed low content than any other samples. 2. For content comparison of ginsenoside $Rb_2$ and Re, cultivated ginseng 4 years showed high content, followed wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng 6 years, cultivated wild ginseng showed low content than any other samples. 3. For content comparison of ginsenoside $Rg_3$, wild ginseng and cultivated wild ginseng were only showed low content. 4. For content comparison of ginsenoside $Rh_2$, cultivated wild ginseng was only showed low content. 5. In the process of red ginseng, ginsenoside $Rb_1,\;Rb_2$, Rc, Rd, $Rg_3$ and $Rh_1$ were increased, and ginsenoside Re and $Rg_1$ were decreased in cultivated wild ginseng. 6. In the process of red ginseng, ginsenoside $Rg_3$ and $Rh_1$ were increased, and ginsenoside $Rb_2$, Rc, and Re were decreased in cultivated ginseng 4 years. 7. In the process of red ginseng, ginsenoside $Rb_1,\;Rb_2$, Rf and $Rh_1$ were increased, and ginsenoside Rc and Rd were decreased in cultivated ginseng 6 years. Conclusions: Distribution of ginsenoside contents to the cultivated ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and wild ginseng was similar and was not showed special characteristics between samples. And the change of ginsenoside to the process of red ginseng, cultivated ginseng and cultivated wild ginseng were showed different aspect.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate ginsenoside content in different root parts and the correlation between root diameter and ginsenoside composition of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer cultivated by direct seeding. The unit contents of ginsenoside were 29.65, 28.76, 26.34 mg/g, respectively in 4, 5, 6 years old. However, the total contents of ginsenoside were 431.97, 606.56, 657.80 mg/root, respectively. Total ginsenoside content of fine root was higher than that of main root and lateral root. These tendencies were related to decrease by the increase of root diameter. When diameter of main root and lateral root were the same in different ages, the total ginsenoside content was higher in the order of 4 > 5 > 6 years old roots. Except for ginsenoside-Rg1, other ginsenosides components (PD/PT and total ginsenosides) had highly negative correlation with the root diameter within whole root, main root, lateral root and fine root, which indicated that ginsenoside content is correlated to root diameter. As results, it is suggested that ginsenoside content can be predicted.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.178-182
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• 1989

한국담배인삼공사에서 제조된 홍삼제품류 9종에 대한 유효성분함량의 품질관리 연구 일환으로 조사포닌, vanillin-$H_2SO_4$ 비색법에 의한 총사포닌 및 HPLC에 의한 개별 ginsenoside의 함량을 조사하였다. 홍삼을 분말형태로 가공한 의료용분말, 삼분, 타브렛 및 캡슐제품은 사포닌함량, PD/PT 사포닌의 함유비율, ginsenoside의 함량과 조성패턴이 거의 유사하였다. 그러나 홍삼을 추출하여 그 농축물을 인스턴트 제품화시킨 정분, 삼정, 삼정차, 삼정환 및 삼차는 총사포닌함량뿐 아니라 PD/PT사포닌의 함유비율, ginsenoside의 함량과 조성패턴이 상이하였다. 따라서 홍삼제품류별로 사포닌함량과 패턴을 표준화시키고 원료삼으로부터 최종제품까지 제조과정별 품질관리를 수행함으로서 사포닌패턴과 함량이 균일한 제품생산이 가능할 것으로 믿어진다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.112-116
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• 1990

As a part of studies on the quality control of crude drug preparation drinks, ginseng saponins were identified by HPLC. Ginsenoside-Rb1 was determined quantitatively by HPLC. Ginsenoside MeOH/H2O(65:35:10, v/v) on Si-gel plate. Ginsenoside-Rb1 content determined by HPLC on Lichrosorbtract drinks was 57.5-70.4% compared to the content in the red ginseng extract.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1986

버미큐라이트 폿드 시험으로 묘삼(苗蔘)의 양액재배(養液栽培)에서 N.P.K.의 수준(水準)을 달리하여 근중 ginsenoside의 함량변화(含量變化)를 조사(調査)하였다. 이들 중 어느 하나의 결제 또는 증가는 사포닌 함량(含量)의 증가 또는 감소를 보였다. 사포닌 함량에 영향을 가장 크게 주는 것은 질소이고(15.5%에서 8.9%) P.K.의 순(順)이었다. 각 ginsenoside 함량에서도 유사(類似)한 결과를 보였다. 양분환경변화에 의한 함량변이(含量變異)의 순위(順位)는 $Rd>Rb_1>Rg_1+Rf>Rc>Rg_2{\geqq}Rb_2>Re$로 Re가 가장 둔감하며 다른 요인에 관하여도 둔감할 것으로 보였다. Diol 총량이 triol 총량보다 민감하나 이들의 비(比)는 절반의 변이계수를 보였다. 영양조건에 의한 각(各) ginsenoside의 변이(變異)는 그 함량(含量)과는 무관(無關)하였다. Ginsenoside pattern의 유사도(類似度)는 총 사포닌 함량에 차이가 큰 처리간에서 낮아졌다. 뿌리의 생육(生育)은 수도수구(水道水區)에서만 유의성있게 적었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.255-259
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• 2017

This study was conducted to provide basic information on ginseng saponin of dried ginseng radices. In order to achieve the proposed objective ginsenoside compositions of dried ginseng radices extract with 70% ethyl alcohol were examined by HPLC. The total saponin content, the sum of all ginsenosides, showed that Wild simulated ginseng (WSG), White fine ginseng (WFG), Skin White ginseng (SWG), and White ginseng (WG) stood at 2.510%, 1.643%, 0.587, and 0.429%, respectively. WSG in PPD/PPT ratio was highest at 3.190, WFG (1.934), WG (1.600), SWG (1.386) in order. In the content of ginsenoside Rb1, one of the marker compounds of ginseng, WSG (1.095%) showed the highest content, and WFG (0.527%), SWG (0.246%), WG (0.133%) in this order. The content of ginsenoside Rb1 of WSG (1.095%) was 4.5 times higher than SWG (0.246%). WSG (0.230%) showed the highest content in ginsenoside Rg1, a marker compounds of ginseng, followed by WFG (0.180%), SWG (0.141%) and WG (0.086%). The content of ginsenoside Rg1 of WSG (0.230%) was 1.6 times higher than SWG (0.141%).

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2017

Malonyl ginsenoside content of the Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is known to account for 35% to 60% of total ginsenosides content. However, its distribution by ginseng part has not been studied. In this study, four kinds of malonyl ginsenosides were compared in Korean white ginseng part using the purified malonyl ginsenoside standards in our laboratory. White ginseng was prepared by the freeze drying ($-70^{\circ}C$, 48 h) or air drying ($50^{\circ}C$, 48 h) methods form 4-year-old ginseng. Malonyl ginsenoside content of main, lateral, and fine root, and of the main root without skin and its skin was compared. Malonyl ginsenosides (m-Rb1, m-Rb2, m-Rc and m-Rd) content (58%, 19.17 mg/g) in total ginsenosides of air dried white ginseng was decreased about 4% compared to its content of freeze dried white ginseng (62%, 20.40 mg/g). Malonyl ginsenoside content was the highest in fine root, compared to the main or lateral root. Malonyl ginsenosides content in skin of main root was 20.08 mg/g, while its content of the main root without skin was 2.58 mg/g. These results are expected to help establishment of quality specification and processing process in Korean white ginseng.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.389-392
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• 2016

The present study was conducted to investigate the ginsenoside profiles of the main root, root hair, and leaf of ginseng in order to demonstrate their possible application in medicine. The total ginsenoside content of the leaf was up to 12 times than that in the main root, and the content of protopanaxadiol groups was higher than that of protopanaxatriol groups in all the samples. The leaf was shown to contain high amounts of ginsenosides Rb3 and Rh1, whereas the main root contained large amounts of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc. Moreover, Rb2, Rb3, and Rg1 were only detected in the root hair, leaf, and main root, respectively. The ginsenoside Re content of Panax ginseng leaf and root hair was 2.6~4 times higher than that of the main root. Therefore, the results indicate that the ginsenoside content of Panax ginseng is higher in the leaf and root hair, and lower in the main root.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.271-275
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• 2011

In this study, ginseng flower water extracts were analyzed to set up the ginsenoside content and quality optimization condition. The highest total ginsenoside content among the ginseng flower water extracts was 67.44mg/g which was extracted at $85^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. In addition, the ginsenoside content decreased according to the increased extraction temperature and time. The highest total content of $Rb_2$ and Re was 37.42mg/g at $75^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. Total content of $Rb_2$ and Re decreased according to the increased extraction temperature and time. The highest prosapogenin ($Rg_2$ + $Rg_3$ + $Rh_1$) content among the total of ginseng flower water extracts was 18.58mg/g which was extracted at $95^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours. The sweetness, absorbance were increased according to the increased extraction temperature and time. But pH was decreased according to the increased extraction time.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2005

To evaluate the effects of cultivar, environment, age and cultivation times on ginsenoside content among 8 wild populations of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium), the concentrations of 6 ginsenosides in root were determined at the time of collection (T0) of plants from the wild and 1 year after (T1) transplanting the roots to each of two different forest garden locations. Both location and population had significant effects on root and shoot growth. Overall, ginsenoside Rb1 was most abundant. The second most abundant ginsenoside were Re and Rg1, however the contents of them were not significantly different from each other. Concentrations of Rg1 and Re were inversely related. Ginsenoside Re was influenced by population and location. Ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd were influenced by population, location and age. Ginsenoside levels were consistently lower but growth was consistently higher at the more intensively managed garden location.