• Title/Summary/Keyword: Glycomics

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Multi-Level Characterization of Protein Glycosylation

  • Hua, Serenus;Oh, Myung Jin;An, Hyun Joo
    • Mass Spectrometry Letters
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.10-17
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    • 2013
  • Recent developments in MS-based glycomics and glycoproteomics have rapidly advanced the field and pushed the boundaries of glyco-analysis into new territories. This review will lay out current workflows and strategies for characterization of the glycoproteome, including (in order of increasing complexity and information content) preliminary site mapping, compositional glycan profiling, isomer-specific glycan profiling, glycosite-specific glycopeptide profiling, and finally, glycoproteomic profiling.

Branched N-glycans and their implications for cell adhesion, signaling and clinical applications for cancer biomarkers and in therapeutics

  • Taniguchi, Naoyuki;Korekane, Hiroaki
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.44 no.12
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    • pp.772-781
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    • 2011
  • Branched N-glycans are produced by a series of glycosyltransferases including N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases and fucosyltransferases and their corresponding genes. Glycans on specific glycoproteins, which are attached via the action of glycosyltransferases, play key roles in cell adhesion and signaling. Examples of this are adhesion molecules or signaling molecules such as integrin and E-cadherin, as well as membrane receptors such as the EGF and TGF-${\beta}$ receptors. These molecules also play pivotal roles in the underlying mechanism of a variety of disease such as cancer metastasis, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Alterations in the structures of branched N-glycans are also hall marks and are useful for cancer biomarkers and therapeutics against cancer. This mini-review describes some of our recent studies on a functional glycomics approach to the study of branched N-glycans produced by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases III, IV, V and IX (Vb) (GnT-III, GnT-IV, V and IX (Vb)) and fucosyltransferase 8 (Fut8) and their pathophysiological significance, with emphasis on the importance of a systems glycobiology approach as a future perspective for glycobiology.

Relative Quantification of Glycans by Metabolic Isotope Labeling with Isotope Glucose in Aspergillus niger

  • Choi, Soo-Hyun;Cho, Ye-Eun;Kim, Do-Hyun;Kim, Jin-il;Yun, Jihee;Jo, Jae-Yoon;Lim, Jae-Min
    • Mass Spectrometry Letters
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.139-145
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    • 2022
  • Protein glycosylation is a common post-translational modification by non-template-based biosynthesis. In fungal biotechnology, which has great applications in pharmaceuticals and industries, the importance of research on fungal glycoproteins and glycans is accelerating. In particular, the importance of quantitative analysis of fungal glycans is emerging in research on the production of filamentous fungal proteins by genetic modification. Reliable mass spectrometry-based techniques for quantitative glycomics have evolved into chemical, enzymatic, and metabolic stable isotope labeling methods. In this study, we intend to expand quantitative glycomics by metabolic isotope labeling of glycans in Aspergillus niger, a filamentous fungus model, by the MILPIG method. We demonstrate that incubation of filamentous fungi in a culture medium with carbon-13 labeled glucose (1-13C1) efficiently incorporates carbon-13 into N-linked glycans. In addition, for quantitative validation of this method, light and heavy glycans are mixed 1:1 to show the performance of quantitative analysis of various N-linked glycans simultaneously. We have successfully quantified fungal glycans by MILPIG and expect it to be widely applicable to glycan expression levels under various biological conditions in fungi.

Glycoscience aids in biomarker discovery

  • Hua, Serenus;An, Hyun-Joo
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.323-330
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    • 2012
  • The glycome consists of all glycans (or carbohydrates) within a biological system, and modulates a wide range of important biological activities, from protein folding to cellular communications. The mining of the glycome for disease markers represents a new paradigm for biomarker discovery; however, this effort is severely complicated by the vast complexity and structural diversity of glycans. This review summarizes recent developments in analytical technology and methodology as applied to the fields of glycomics and glycoproteomics. Mass spectrometric strategies for glycan compositional profiling are described, as are potential refinements which allow structure-specific profiling. Analytical methods that can discern protein glycosylation at a specific site of modification are also discussed in detail. Biomarker discovery applications are shown at each level of analysis, highlighting the key role that glycoscience can play in helping scientists understand disease biology.

Application of Malononitrile Derivatization Method for Structural Glycomics Study in Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

  • Ahn, Yeong-Hee;Yoo, Jong-Shin
    • Journal of Photoscience
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.83-86
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    • 2001
  • Structural analyses of oligosaccharide-malononitrile derivatives were conducted by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization post-source decay (MALDI-PSD) analysis in positive ion mode. The malononitrile derivatives of oligosaccharides, which were developed for highly sensitive detection of multi-component oligosaccharides by negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS), were detected by positive-ion MALDI with the detection limit of 2 pmol level from the crude derivatization sample. The used matrix affected drastically the analytical results of oligosaccharide-malononitrile derivative by matrix-assisted laser desoprtion/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS). The malononitrile derivatization of oligosaccharide also affect the patterns of MALDI-PSD spectra and give much more structural information than the free oligosaccharide.

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