• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.551-562
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• 1999

This study was intended to investigate the effect on the human body such as subcutaneous fat thickness the circumference of extremities etc. of the clothing training of putting on thin clothes periodically from the cold period. The subjects were divided into the clothing training group and the non-training group, The training group was asked to wear cool clothes in daily life and to wear the training clothes of T-shirts with half-length sleeves and pants and perform the clothing training for two hours daily three times a week in a cold environment over the period from November to February. The non-training group was asked to lead a life wearing comfortable clothes. Then a comparative experiment was conducted at 15$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5% R, H and 0.25m/sec before and after the clothing training. After the clothing training regardless of gender subcutaneous fat thickness was more increased and total clothing weight per the surface area of the body was decreased in the training group than the non-training group. The training group showed lower skin temperature in the limbs and lower average skin temperature than the non-training group irrespective of gender which proved the effect of the clothing training. The training group was shown to have attendancy toward a greater sense of warmth and a less sense of discomfort which proved the effect of the clothing training.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to explore an effect exerted to non-affected hand and affected hand of patients by performing training of chopsticks and grasp strength that are helpful to dexterity and grasp strength of hand together with training method of joint exercise, muscle strength build-up training, delicate hand function training. Method : By targeting 30 normal adult male/females engaged in K university, Busan for one month on April, 2015, 10 persons of hand function build-up training group, that of dexterity training group and 10 persons of control group were randomly selected. For hand function build-up training group, chopsticks training in parallel with total 20 times of grasp strength training for 4 weeks including 5 minutes of dominant hand grasp strength training, 5 minutes of non-dominant hand grasp strength training, 15 minutes of chopsticks training was performed based on 25 minutes/one time, 5 times a week. Result : First, In a comparison of dexterity of both hands by each group depending on training period, hand function build-up group and dexterity training group were represented to be effective compared with control group. Secondly, In a comparison of manipulatory ability of both hands by each group depending on training period, hand function build-up group and dexterity training group were represented to be effective compared with control group. Conclusion : It is considered that diversified and broad research covering patients with musculoskeletal disease and nervous system-related disease would be performed by securing far more test subjects after comparing a correlation between dexterity training and hand function training.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.309-315
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• 2014

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 6-week wrist resistance training on wrist torque control. Nineteen subjects were randomly assigned to either the wrist training group (n=9) or the control group (n=10). The training group performed wrist exercises for six directions (flexion, extension, pronation, supination, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation) while the control group did not. Testing for the isometric torque control error, one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength, and isokinetic maximum torque (angular velocity of $60^{\circ}/s$ wrist movements) were conducted before and after six weeks of resistance training and after every two-week interval of training. The wrist training group showed significant decreases in isometric torque control error in all six directions after the 2-week resistance training, while the control group did not show significant increase or decrease. The training group showed significant increases in the maximum strength in all six directions assessed by 1-RM strength and isokinetic strength tests after the 4-week resistance training, while the control group did not show any statistically significant changes. This study shows that motor control ability significantly improves within the first two weeks of resistance training, while the wrist strength significantly improves within the first four weeks of resistance training in wrist training group compared to the control.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.668-674
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analysis of the effect of proprioceptor training and vestibular organ training for balance ability. The subjects was consist of two different subjects group, proprioceptor training group and vestibular organ training group. Proprioceptor training group consisted of 10 subjects and vestibular organ training group consisted of 10 subjects. Training was performed 3 times per week, 30 minutes per day, for 3 weeks. Balance ability analysis was performed using Romberg's one leg standing test and BT4 when opened eyes and closed eyes. The analysis results were as follows. There was no significant differences in balance after the training in both groups when they opened their eyes(p<.05). But there was significant differences in balance after the training in both groups when they closed their eyes(p<.05). And there was no significant difference in balance after the training between the proprioceptor training group and the vestibular organ training group when they closed their eyes(p<.05). Given the above results, proprioceptor training and vestibular organ training enhanced balance but there was no significant difference between the two methods.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.902-907
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to parallel circuit training and circuit training with sonic systemic mechanism was to compare the differences in pulmonary function and chest expansion in adult men. This study was performed on 20 subjects. 20 subjects were divided into two groups; Circuit training group(n=10), Circuit training with sonic systemic mechanism(n=10). Both of the group performed the exercise 3 times a week for 5 weeks. The data was analyzed by the Repeated t-test for comparing before, during and after changes of factors in each group and the Independent t-test for comparing the between groups. The result are as follows. Circuit training group was statistically significant difference FVC, FEV1/FVC(p<.05), Circuit training with sonic systemic mechanism group was statistically significant difference PEF, VC in pulmonary function(p<.05). Circuit training group was statistically significant difference FEV1/FVC of between the two group in pulmonary function(p<.05). Circuit training group and circuit training with sonic systemic mechanism group was statistically significant difference in chest expansion(p<0.05) and there was no statistically significant difference of between the two group in chest expansion(p>.05).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 2007

This study investigated the effect of physical training and oxidative stress on the anti oxidative activity and on plasma lipid profile. Forty eight rats were given either a physical training or no training for 4 weeks and were then subdivided into 3 groups: before-exercise (BE); during-exercise (DE); after-exercise (AE). The antioxidative activity was evaluated with the activities of catalase in plasma and superoxide dismutase (SOD), the ratio of reduced glutathione/ oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver. The plasma concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)) were also compared. Compared to those of non-training group. catalase activities of training group were lower before exercise but higher during and after exercise. SOD activities were higher regardless of exercise. GSH/GSSG ratio was higher before exercise but was not significantly different during exercise and even lower after exercise. There were no differences between non-training group and training group in MDA levels regardless of exercise. Compared to those of non-training group, atherosclerotic index of training group was lower after exercise and there were no significant differences before and during exercise. There were no differences between non-training group and training group in HDL-C regardless of exercise. These results suggest that moderate physical training can activate antioxidant defenses and decrease the atherosclerotic index and this beneficial effect is evident under exercise-induced oxidative stress.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.31-45
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• 2007

Purpose : The simulation-based training in this research consists of theory and practice. Before the training, target students took a test on the competence of basic life support. Based on the result, they were separated as the subject group and comparison group. The simulation-based training was offered to the subject group and the traditional training was given to the comparison group. As soon as the training was completed, a follow-up study was conducted. Methods : This research aimed to figure out the effect of the simulation-based training on the competence of basic life support of the students Emergency Medical Technology. To this end, the nonequivalent pretest-posttest-quasi-experimental design using a comparison group was conducted. Results : The first hypothesis was that 'The group who took the simulation-based training would show higher points in the knowledge of basic life support than the group who took the traditional training.' Among those who took prior theory education, the subject group showed $69.38{\pm}20.43$ points while the comparison group showed $76.25{\pm}21.33$ points(t = -0.658, p = 0.531). Among those who took prior theory education and training, the subject group showed $82.86{\pm}10.86$ points while the comparison group showed $79.33{\pm}15.45$ points(t = 0.705, p = 0.487). Since there were no significant statistical differences between the two groups, the first hypothesis didn't hold. It showed few differences between the two training methods. The second hypothesis was that 'The group who took the simulation-based training would show higher points in the basic life support skills than the group who took the traditional training.' Among those who took prior theory education, the subject group showed $65.75{\pm}7.66$ points while the comparison group showed $46.88{\pm}13.48$ points(t = -3.442, p = 0.004). Among those who took prior theory education and training, the subject group showed $79.50{\pm}11.40$ points while the comparison group showed $62.13{\pm}11.44$ points(t = 4.091, p = 0.000). Since there were significant statistical differences between the two groups, the second hypothesis held. It showed substantial differences between the two training methods. Conclusion : The group who took the simulation-based training showed more positive effects on the competence of basic life support than those who took the traditional training. Therefore, it is confirmed that the simulation-based training is a useful method to improve clinical work performance of the students Emergency Medical Technology.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.11-21
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• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide the material about the treatment effect of hand function training and writing training being performed as a part of treatment to improve the function of the non-dominant hand of the patients whose dominant hand is damaged and thus need to improve their non-dominant hand's function. Method : During one month of November, 2013, this study randomly chose five study subjects for hand function training, five for writing training, and ten of control group from 20 normal male and female adults going to K Univ. in Busan. All study subjects fully understood all of the training course, agreed to take the test in this study, and volunteered to participate in the test. Each training was performed five times for two weeks, 30 minutes each time. For measurement, Purdue pegboard was used to look into the change of hand dexterity. To investigate an improvement in hand function through hand function training and writing training, this study conducted early evaluation before training, interim evaluation, and final evaluation. Result : First, according to the comparison of dominant hand dexterity by group and by method during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved dominant hand dexterity more than the control group. Secondly, according to the comparison of non-dominant hand dexterity by group during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved dexterity more than the control group. According to the comparison of non-dominant hand dexterity by method during a training period, there was no big difference in dexterity between the groups of hand function training and of writing training and the control group. But, the group of hand function training showed a further improvement. Thirdly, according to the comparison of both-hand dexterity by group and by method during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved both-hand dexterity more than the control group. Fourthly, according to the comparison of both-hand handling ability by group and by method during a training period, the groups of hand function training and of writing training improved both-hand handling ability more than the control group. Conclusion : Given the study result, it is considered that hand function training and writing training help brain damaged patients improve their hand function for their daily activity. And it will be meaningful to research brain damaged patients' motor skills after their brain damage, and the patients who have low abilities of visual perception and cognition. In the future, it will be necessary to secure more study subjects and perform systematic training during a sufficient test period.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.585-590
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neuromuscular training of ballet dancers with chronic ankle instability on ankle stability and posture controlability. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of Thirty-twoyoung female ballet dancers with chronic ankle instability have voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were randomized to the neuromuscular training group(n₁=11), elastic resistance squat group(n₂=11), and control group(n₃=10). The intervention was applied to a total of 18 exercises per six weeks and conducted in each group for one hour a day, three times a week. All subjects were evaluated for Cumberland ankle instability tool(CAIT), static balance at before-after intervention. Results: In the comparison of the effects within the groups, the effect of the intervention on CAIT and posture control was significantly increased in the neuromuscular training group and elastic resistance squat group (p <0.05). In the comparison of the effects between the groups, the neuromuscular training group, and elastic resistance squat group were found to significantly increase more than the control group (p <0.05). The effect of ankle stability is similar in neuromuscular training and elastic resistance squat training, neuromuscular training is more effective in improving posture control rather than elastic resistance squat training. Conclusions: When planning a rehabilitation training program for a ballet dancer with chronic ankle instability, neuromuscular training can be applied as an intervention method to improve ankle stability and posture control ability.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.169-184
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of breathing biofeedback training on the stress of nursing students in clinical practice. The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 39 nursing students from the College of Nursing of K University. The study was conducted from July 20 to September 3, 1998. The subjects were assigned to one of two groups : the experimental group (19 students), and the control group (20 students). The breathing biofeedback training was performed 12 times with the experimental group. The level of psychological stress was measured using the State Anxiety Inventory, Profile of Mood State, and Visual Analogue Stress Scale. The level of physiological stress was measured using pulse rate and blood pressure. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, t-test, and repeated measures of ANOVA. The results of study are as follows : 1) State anxiety scores were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training. 2) Profile of mood state scores were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training. 3) Visual Analogue Stress Scale scores were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training(F=11.68, p=0.002). 4) Pulse rates were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training. 5) Systolic blood pressures were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training(F=5.44, p=0.025). 6) Diastolic blood pressures were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training. On the basis of the above findings, the following recommendations for further study are made ; 1) Identification of the effects of breathing biofeedback training at times of high stress during clinical practice. 2) Identification fo the effects of stress reduction according to the frequency of the breathing biofeedback training.