• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 1989

Identification of blood group from the saliva and calculus of the Purpose of individual identification would play a significant role in a practical legal medicine. The author made a study of blood group with saliva and in non-secretor type with dental calculus. The following results were obtained. 1. In the blood typing with saliva obtained from 50 people, secretor type was found 22.4% and non-secretor type was found 27.6%. 2. In Sexual difference, secretor type 70.9%, non-secretor type 29.1% in male and secretor type 73.8%, non-secretor type 26.2% in female were found. 3. In blood group difference, secretor type 80.2% nonsecretor type 19.8% in A blood group, secretor 70.4%, nonsecretor type 29.6% in B blood group, secretor type 66.7% nonsecretor type 33.3% in AB blood group, secretor type 68.2% nonsecretor type 31.8% in O blood group were found. 4. The blood group identification with dental calculus in nonsecretor type proved to be possible. 5. The blood group substance was found in the composition of dental calculus itself regardless of that in saliva.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.44 no.4 s.218
• /
• pp.49-63
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to understand the character of career attitude according to the group type which was identified and measured by Q methodology. The subjects were 38 junior students attending hotel & food service culinary management at Kyungnam College of Information & Technology. For the study, 88 variances of Lee's career attitude were used. In the career attitude items, 26 variances of career attitude were selected by factor analysis. The 26 variances explained 70.44% of all variances. Twenty-six variances were used on Q sorting from which 9 group types were identified by SPSS window program, and these 9 occupied 75.627%n of all variance. The groups were classified into two parts extroversion and introversion. Four groups(1, 3, 6, and 9) were identified as extroversion, and 5 groups(2, 4, 5, 7, and 8) as introversion. Group 1 was explained 10.270% of all groups, group 2(14.352%), group 3(10.270%), group 4(7.527%), group 5(6.314%), group 6(5.726%), group 7(5.469%), group 8(5.006%), and group 9(4.145%). Group 1 was named as "active challenge type", group 2 as "passive consideration type", group 3 as "realistic leader type", group 4 as "conservative challenge oriented type", group 5 as "conservative harmony type", group 6 as "arbitrary plan oriented type", group 7 as "realistic stability type", group 8 as "conservative creation type" and group 9 as "conservative reality type".

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.321-332
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for more functional and more fitting clothing construction. The subjects were college women aged from 18 to 25 in June, 1997. Data were collected by anthropometry and photometry and analyzed by the characteristic of the upper body- The results are as follows: 1. After analyzing direct anthropometric data, 1 have analyzed the data by the characteristic in each somatotype, classified them and I have had 5 groups. Group 1 with middle height and standard type, group 2 with great height and standard type, group 3 with low height and slim type, group 4 with middle height and fat type, and group 5 with low height and a little fat type. 2. After analyzing indirect photometric data, 1 have analyzed them by the characteristic and I have had 4 groups. Group 1 with lean back type, group 2 with sway back type, group 3 with straight type and group 4 with bend forward type. 3. Through the mutual corresponding relation in the 5 groups classified with direct anthropometric measurement and the 4 groups classified with indirect photometric mea- surement, direct-group 1 comes the most corresponding to indirect-group 2, comes second to indirect-group 4, and comes third to indirect-group 1. Direct-group 2 comes the most corresponding to indirect-group 4, direct-group 3 comes the most corresponding to indirect- group 1, direct-group 4 comes the most corresponding to indirect-group 3, and direct-group 5 comes the most corresponding to indirect-group 1.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 1984

The purpose of this study was to observe the tensile and bonding strength of the joined amalgam restoration. Amalgam alloys of fine-cut (F-type), spherical (S-type), and dispersed type (D-type) were selected in this study, and all specimens were divided into three groups according to the condensation methods as follows. Group I : the control group which condense the same kinds of mixed amalgam into the whole part of the mold respectively. Group II : the group which condense a mix of amalgam into one half of the mold, and then condense a new mix of amalgam into the rest half of the mold 15 minutes later. Group III : the group which condense a mixed amalgam into one half of the mold, and then condense a new mix of amalgam into the rest half of the mold 7 days later. All specimens were stored in incubator at $37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for seven days with immersing in saline solution before testing. The tensile and bonding strength of them were measured with Instron Universal Testing machine. The results were as follows: 1. In Group I, the order of tensile strength was F-type, S-type, and D-type. 2. In case of bonding of S-type + S-type, the difference of the bonding strength between Group II and III was not significant. (P> 0.05) 3. The bonding strength of F-type + S-type of Group II was marked the highest in value, and the lowest bonding strength was showed in bonded D-type + D-type of Group III. 4. In case of bonding with the different kinds of amalgam alloy in Group II, the specimen bonded to F-type was marked the highest bonding strength, and the specimen bonded with F-type was marked the lowest one. In Group II, the bonding strength of the specimens bonded with the same kinds of amalgam alloy was presented as the same order as that of Group I. 5. In Group III, the specimen connected with D-type marked the lowest bonding strength of all specimens. In Group III, the bonding strength of the specimens connected with the same kinds of amalgam alloy was the order of S-type + S-type, F-type + F-type, and D-type + D-type.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.727-734
• /
• 2002

This study was to determine the effect of DHEA administration before, during, and after dexamethasone treatment on body weight and TypeI,II muscle weight of rat receiving dexamethasone treatment. Method: Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: control(C), dexamethasone(D), DHEA administration for 3days after dexamethasone treatment for 7days(7D+3DH), dexamethasone treatment for 7days after DHEA administration for 3days(3DH+7D), DHEA administration during dexamethasone treatment for 4days after dexamethasone treatment for 3days(3D+4DDH), DHEA administration during dexamethasone treatment for 7days(7DDH). Dexamethasone was injected by subcutaneously daily at a dose of 5mg/kg. DHEA was orally administered daily at a dose of 5mg/kg for 7 days. Soleus(TypeI) muscle, and both plantaris and gastro- cnemius(TypeII) muscles were dissected on the 7th day of experiment. Result: Body weight of both 3DH+7D group and 3D+4DDH group increased significantly compared with that of 7D group. Body weight of 7D+3DH group decreased significantly compared with that of 7D group, 7DDH group, 3DH+7D group and 3D+4DDH group. Muscle weight of both plantaris and gastro- cnemius tended to decrease compared with that of 7D group. Muscle weight of 7DDH group, 3D+4DDH group and 3DH+7D group increased significantly compared with that of 7D+3DH group. Muscle weight of gastrocnemius of both 3DH+7D group and 3D+4DDH group increased significantly compared with that of 7D group. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be suggested that DHEA administration before and during dexamethasone treatment can increase both body weight and mass of atrophied TypeII muscle induced by dexa- methasone treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 1975

A study of the effects of multibanded orthodontic appliances on the oral lactobacilli was conducted on 41 multibanded group and 41 caries free group. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. In multibanded group, the average count of lactobacilli per milli-liter of saliva showed about 219,300 in male and 254,100 in female. In caries free group, the mean count of lactobacilli per milli-liter of saliva showed about 66,700 in male and 68,500 in female, Therefore, the average of lactobacilli in multibanded group was much higher than that of the caries free group in both sexes. 2. The average of all the types of lactobacilli colonies (Disk-type, Bell-type, Y-type) in multibanded group was much more than that of caries free group. 3. Multibanded orthodontic appliances were found to sufficiently alter oral environment to significantly affect disk-types and total counts in both sexes and bell-type in female, at $1\%$ level of confidence. But changes in bell-type and y-type, in male, were considered to be significant at $5\%$ level of confidence.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.170-185
• /
• 2001

Objective : This experimental study was designed to investigate the effect of Chaenomelis fructus herbal acupuncture on the soleus muscle and tibialis anterior muscle of hindlimb-suspended rats. The measurement have been performed on the composition of type I, type IIa and type IIb muscle fibers in the soleus muscle and tibialis anterior muscie - histochemical study. Materials and Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 250g were subjected to hindlimb suspension and divided into six groups; 1. Normal group: normai group 2. Control group: group of hindlimb suspension for 7 days 3. NT group: non-treatment group for 2 or 4 weeks after 7days of hindlimb suspension. 4. EX gtoup: running exercise group for 2 or 4 weeks after 7days of hindlimb suspension. 5. HA group: administration of Chaenomelis fructus herbal acupuncture during 2 or 4 weeks after 7 days of hindlimb suspension. 6. EXHA group: administration of Chaenomelis fructus herbal acupuncture and running exercise during 2 or 4 weeks after 7 days of hindlimb suspension. Results Results : 1. The composition of type I muscle fibers in the soleus muscle significantly increased in 2 or 4 weeks HA and EXHA groups more than control group, and the composition of type IIa muscle fibers in the soleus muscle significantly decreased in 2 or 4 weeks HA and EXHA goups more than control group. 2. The composition of type I muscie fibers in the tibialis anterior muscle significantly increased in 2 or 4 weeks HA and EXHA groups more than control group, and the composition of type IIb muscle fibers in the soleus muscle significantly decreased in 2 or 4 weeks HA and EXHA groups more than control group. 3. The size of type I muscle fibers in the soleus muscle significantly increased in 2 or 4 weeks HA and EXHA groups more than control group, and the size of type IIa muscle fibers in the soleus muscle significantly increased in 2 weeks EXHA group and 4 weeks HA and EXHA groups more than control group. 4. The size of type I, IIa muscle fibers in the tibialis anterior muscle significantly increased in 2 or 4weeks HA, EXHA and EX groups more than control group, and the size of type IIb muscle fibers significantly increased in 2 weeks EXHA group and 4 weeks HA, EXHA and EX groups more than control group. 5. The capiliaries number per fiber of muscle fibers in the soleus and tibialis anterior muscle showed no differences in all experimental groups more than control group. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is shown that Chaenomelis fructus herbal acupuncture could be effective in the treatment of muscle atrophy.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 2000

The purposes of the study were (1) to see if there are various types of disc configuration in normal temporomandibular joint and, if so, (2) to examine whether a specific type of disc configuration is susceptible to disc displacement, and (3) to see if a specific type of disc configuration and position is related to early relief of clinical symptoms from the anterior disc displacement without reduction to conservative treatment. From the magnetic resonance (MR) images taken for the patients with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, 235 images as normal joint group, 255 images as anterior disc displacement with reduction group, and 249 images as anterior disc displacement without reduction group were selected, After the TMJ image was scanned and processed with Photoshop program, the disc configuration was determined, The incidence of various types of disc configuration was analyzed according to age, sex, diagnostic group, and the promptness of symptom relief. The disc position was also examined in relation to the promptness of symptom relief. The results were as follows : 1. In the normal joint group, biconcave type appeared most frequently and reversed, biplanar type in order, Posterior band enlarged and folded type didn't appear at all. On the other hand, in the anterior disc displacement without reduction group, folded type appeared most frequently and also posterior band enlarged type were found often. 2. There were statistically significant differences between sex and configuration of disc in the normal joint group and no statistically significant differences in the anterior disc displacement with reduction group and anterior disc displacement without reduction group, 3. There were no statistically significant differences between age and configuration of disc in the normal, anterior disc displacement with reduction group and anterior disc displacement without reduction group. 4. In anterior disc displacement without reduction group, rapid response was observed in biconcave and reversed type and delayed response was observed in folded type.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of shattering habit and germination of offtype rice plants collected in Korea which were classified into seven groups based on grain characteristics. In the long-grain red rice group, the short-grain red rice group, the long-grain normal rice group, and the long-grain waxy rice group, the tensile strength of grain and primary rachis branch was relatively low and the fiber cell of the primary rachis branch was short. Characteristics of shattering-related traits and germination in relation to grain and esterase isozyme zymogram type of off-type rice plants. In most lines of the extremely late and sterile rice group, the tensile strength of grain was low, while that of primary rachis branch was high, and the fiber cell was long. However, in the type 1 esterase isozyme zymogram(EIZ) lines among the long-grain normal rice group and the type 6 and 5+6 EIZ plants among the extremely late and sterile rice group, the tensile strength of grain was relatively higher. The long-grain waxy rice group and the type 3 EIZ lines among the long-grain red rice group, showed higher germinability than did cultivars which are known to germinate well even in low-temperature. The other off-type rice group, except for the short-grain waxy rice group and type 1 and 7 EIZ lines among the long-grain normal rice group, had higher germination speed than that of the cultivars.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.1427-1436
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explain community structure for actual vegetation and their environment variables in Anmyeon Island. Samples were collected for 106 plots using ZM phytosociology method and coincidence method. Actual vegetation were classified into three vegetations types(forest vegetation type, maritime vegetation type, lake vegetation type) and eleven community units. Pourthiaea villosa community in forest vegetation type was divided into 5 groups such as Carpinus coreana group, Pinus rigida group, Chamaecyparis obtusa group, Castanea crenata group and Typical group. Maritime vegetation type was divided into 3 communities, such as Vitex rotundifolia community, Koelreuteria paniculata community and Suaeda japonica community. V. rotundifolia community was subdivided into 2 groups, Rosa rugosa group and Diodia teres group. K. paniculata community was subdivided into 2 groups, Grewia biloba var. parviflora group and Typical group. Lake vegetation type was divided into 1 community, Nelumbo nucifera community. And it was entirely classified into 11 community units.