• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.221-225
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• 2005

An in vitro study was conducted to examine the effect of monensin or fish oil addition on bio-hydrogenation of $C_{18^-} unsaturated fatty acids and CLA production by mixed ruminal bacteria when incubated with safflower oil. Commercially manufactured concentrate (1%, w/v) with safflower oil (0.2%, w/v) were added to mixed solution (600 ml) of strained rumen fluid and McDougalls artificial saliva (control). Monensin $Rumensin^{(R)}$, 10 ppm, w/v, MO), mixed fish oil (0.02%, w/v, absorbed to 0.2 g alfalfa hay, FO) or similar amounts of monensin and fish oil (MO+FO) to MO and FO was also added into the control solution. All the culture solutions prepared were incubated in the culture jar anaerobically at $39^{\circ}C$ up to 12 h. Higher pH (p<0.047) and ammonia concentration (p<0.042) were observed from the culture solution containing MO at 12 h incubation than those from the culture solutions of control or FO. The MO supplementation increased (p<0.0001-0.007) propionate proportion of culture solution but reduced butyrate proportion at 6 h (p<0.018) and 12 h (p<0.001) of incubations. Supplementation of MO or MO+FO increased (p<0.001) the proportions of $C_{18:2}$. The MO alone reduced (p<0.022-0.025) the proportion of c9,t11-CLA compared to FO in all incubation times. The FO supplementation increased the proportion of c9,t11-CLA. An additive effect of MO to FO in the production of c9,t11-CLA was observed at 6 h incubation. In vitro supplementation of monensin reduced hydrogenation of $C_{18^-}$UFAs while fish oil supplementation increased the production of CLA.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.14-18
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• 2021

We investigated the structural suitability of GdFeO₃ (GdFO) as a buffer layer for the GdBa₂xCu₃O_7-x (GdBCO) superconducting films. GdFO films with different thicknesses and GdBCO thin films were all prepared by using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The analyses of X-ray diffraction and EXAFS data indicates that the c-axis parameter increases and the Fe-O bond length decreases with the GdFO thickness due to the compressive stain induced by the lattice mismatch between GdFO and STO substrate and as a result, the Debye-Waller factor, an index of disorder in the local structure near the Fe-O bond, increases with the GdFO thickness. However, for the GdBCO/GdFO bilayer structure, the Debye-Waller factor decreases as the GdFO thickness increases indicating a diminished disorder by the structural coupling between GdFO and GdBCO. These results indicate that an appropriate thickness of GdFO is required to be utilized as a magnetic buffer layer for the GdBCO superconducting films.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1999

The effects of eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA, 22:6n-3) on the phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$)-mediated release of arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) were studied in kidney microsomes from rats fed diets containing sunflower oil (SO) or fish oil (FO) concentrate for 11 months. The amounts of AA released by the endogenous $PLA_2$ enzyme were significantly lower by 38% in the FO, compared to the SO-fed rats (23.2 nmol versus 60.7 nmol AA released/mg protein/h in the FO- and SO-treated groups, respectively). The FO-derived microsomes released less linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and adrenic acid (22:4n-6), but larger amounts of the n-3 fatty acids, including EPA, DHA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3), and 20:4n-3 than the SO-derived microsomes. A similar replacement of the AA and adrenic acid with the n-3 fatty acids including EPA and DHA was also observed in the microsomal phospholipid fraction from the FO-fed rats relative to the SO-treated group. The results suggest that the $PLA_2$-mediated release of AA is reduced and that of EPA is increased in compensation for AA decline in kidney microsomes from FO-fed rats (0.7 nmol EPA/mg protein/h versus 22.7 nmol EPA/mg protein/h for the SO and FO-treated groups). Replacement of the n-6 with n-3 fatty acids may explain the reduced synthesis of the AA-derived prostaglandins and the concomitant rise in the EPA-derived prostaglandins observed in kidneys of FO-treated rats.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 1997

the molecular and crystal 3-dimensional structure of bentazone, C10H12N2O3S, has been determined from single crystal x-ray diffraction study. Crystal system is monoclinic: a=8.7817(9)Å, b=9.6059(9) Å, c=13.574(9) Å, β=97.269(1)', V=1136.1(6)Å, space group : P21/c, z=4. The molecular structure model was solved by direct method and refined by full matrix least squares. The final reliable factor, R, is 0.045 for 1396 independent reflections(Fo2>4σFo2). A molecule has a staggered conformation with thiocarbazin ring and isopropyl functional group and the molecules by hydrogen bonds are cross stacked along the c-axis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 1995

This experiment was attempted to improve ethanol productivity by immobilization of Kluyveromyces marxianus FO43 using Jerusalem artichoke powder. Sucrose medium was used to determine optimum conditions for cell immobilization. The optimum conditions were alginate concentration of 2%, bead size of 2 mm, a particle input ratio of 30 : 100, cultivation period of 24 hours, and substrate concentration of 10%(w/v). The immobilized cells produced the high concentrations of ethanol at pH $4.5{\sim}6.5$ and $30{\sim}45^{\circ}C$, broader ranges of pH and temperatures than those of free cells. Under optimum conditions the immobilized cells showed ethanol concentration of 46.4 g/L and productivity of 1.93 g/L.h. The microphotograph using a two phase contrast microscope showed that immobilized cells cultivated under the optimum conditions were densely populated toward the surface area of beads.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 1995

Physical and physiological properties of isomaltooligosaccaride (IMO), fructooligosaccharide (FO) and sucrose were investigated. The viscosity and moisture retention power of IMO were similar to those of FO. IMO had an excellent heat and pH stability compared with FO and sucrose. To investigate the effect of oligosaccharides on the growth of mice, each sample was administered orally to mice for 2 weeks. Weight change, moisture content of feces, weight of appendix and the ratio of Bifidobacterium to total microorganisms in the feces were examined. There were no significant differences in the weight increases and the efficiency of feeds. Moisture content of feces was highest in the IMO feeding group, and IMO promoted selectively the growth of Bifidobacterium. On the other hand, FO group showed bigger cecum than other groups.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 1999

X-선 회절법을 이용하여 1-(3 Carbamoyl-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-1-methylhexahydro-1H-azepinium iodide[이하: DIP]의 분자 및 결정구조를 규명하였다. 이 결정의 분자식은 C23H31N2O·I, 결정계는 Monoclinic이며 공간군은 P21이다. 단위포 상수는 a =8.937(1) Å, b=19.522(2) Å, c=6.485(2) Å이며, β= 105.18(2)°, V=1091.9(6) Å3, T=293(2)K, Z=2, Dc=1.45 Mgm-3이다. 회절반점들의 세기는 Enarf-Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer로 얻었으며 Mo Katjs(λ=0.71073 Å)을 사용하였다. 분자구조는 직접법으로 개략적인 분자모델을 설정하고, Fo>4σ(Fo)인 4112개의 독립 회절 데이터에 대하여 최소자승법으로 정밀화하여 최종 신뢰도 값 R=5.23%인 최종적인 분자모형을 구하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.891-896
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• 1994

Reactions of mer, trans-$Re({\equiv}NC_6H_5)(PPh_3)_2Cl_3$, I, with $PMe_3$ and $P(OMe)_34 at room temperature, led to mer, trans-$Re({\equiv}NC_6H_5)(PPh_3)(PMe_3)Cl_3$, II, and fac-$Re({\equiv}NC_6H_5)(PPh_3)(P(OMe)_3)Cl_34, III, respectively. The crystal structures of II and III were determined through X-ray diffraction. Ⅱ crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group $Pna2_1$ with cell parameters a=19.379(4) ${\AA}$, b=11.867(2) ${\AA}$, c = 12.676(3) ${\AA}$, and Z = 4. Least-squares refinement of the structure led to a $R(wR_2)$ factor of 0.0251 (0.0621) for 2203 unique reflections of $I>2{\sigma}(I)$ and for 306 variables. III crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group $P2_1/n$ with cell parameters a=11.399(3) ${\AA}$, b=14.718(4) ${\AA}$, c=17.558(5) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}=97.79(2){\circ}$, and Z=4. Least-squares refinement of the structure led to a $R(wR_2)$ factor of 0.0571 (0.1384) for 3739 unique reflections of $I>2{\sigma}(I)$ and for 344 variables. Structural studies showed that the relative orientations of the two phosphines in both complexes are different, probably due to the differences in the coordinating abilities between $PMe_3$ and $P(OMe)_3$ to the 5-coordinate fluxional intermediate.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 1993

11 β ,17 β -dihydroxy-9a-fluoro-l7a-methyl androst-4-en-3-one (Fluoxymesterone), CgoH29 FO,, orthorhombic, P2,2,2,, a=13.468(5) A, b= 19.554 (2)A, c=6.578(9)A, a=b=r=90˚, A (CuKa)=1.5406 A , Dm=1.289cm-3, Dc=1.299cm-3 and Z=4 at T=298k. The structure was solved by direct method using seminvariants of ggg Parity group and refined by the full-matrix least-square method, resulting model with reliability factor R=0.069 for 1098 unique reflection over 3σ . Ring A is an 1β-2a-half chair, 5 ring has a highly symmetrical chair conformation, C ring is in a distorted chair conformation and D ring is a 13aenveLope conformation. In the crystal structure, the molecules are packed with a hydrogen bond of 011-H23‥‥03(0.5+x, 1.5-y, 1.0-z) [1.94(9) A of H‥‥0.2.786(9)A of 0‥‥0 and 165(8) ˚ of

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 1993

The effects of ginseng total saponins (GTS) on the action of U-50,488H, a $textsc{k}$-opioid receptor agonist, on the electrically induced twitch responses of mouse vats deferens were studied. U-50,488H ($10^9$~$10^{-5}$M) inhibited the twitch contractions in a dose-dependent manner, which were caused by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) released from the stimulated sympathetic nerve, and this effect was antagonized by naloxone ($10^6$ M). GTS, which itself induced the inhibition of the twitch contractions, acted additively to U-50,488H, GTS and U-50,488H had no effect on the tension of the unstimulated organs. The contractions elicited by ATP were not affected by U-50,488H, but inhibited by GTS. These results suggest that U-50,488H suppressed the twitch contractions by the inhibition of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminals via action on opioid receptor, but G75, by inhibiting the action of the neurotransmitter on the smooth muscle.