• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.569-573
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• 2012

In order to understand the difference in SiC deposition between the $CH_3SiCl_3-H_2$ and $C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2$ systems, we calculate the phase stability among ${\beta}$-SiC, graphite and silicon. We constructed the phase-diagram of ${\beta}$-SiC over graphite and silicon via computational thermodynamic calculation considering pressure (P), temperature (T) and gas composition (C) as variables. Both P-T-C diagrams showed a very steep phase boundary between the SiC+C and SiC region perpendicular to the H/Si axis, and also showed an SiC+Si region with a H/Si value of up to 6700 in the $C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2$, and 5000 in the $CH_3SiCl_3-H_2$ system. This difference in phase boundaries is explained by the ratio of Cl to Si, which is 4 for the $C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2$ system and 3 for the $C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2$ system. Because the C/Si ratio is fixed at 1 in the $CH_3SiCl_3-H_2$ system while it can be variable in the $C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2$ system, the functionally graded material is applicable for better mechanical bonding during SiC coating on graphite substrate in the $C_3H_8-SiCl_4-H_2$ system.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.80-83
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• 1972

The activity change of lysozyme resulted from its exposure to $Ti-H_2O_2$system in aqueous liquid at room temperature and to ${\gamma}$-irradiation in ice at $195^{\circ}K$ has been measured at room temperature with a Cary-14 spectrophotometer. The enzymatic activity of lysozyme which had been added to a previously flow-mixed solution of $TiCl_3$ and $H_2O_2$ (System I) was compared with the activity of a lysozyme-$H_2O_2$ solution after flow-mixing with $TiCl_3$ (System II), considering the differences between these two activity changes as the extent of the enzymatic inactivation by the involvement of OH radical reaction. The fraction of lysozyme inactivated by OH radical in the system containing 0.0025 M $TiCl_3-0.1M$ $H_2O_2$ (ph 3.5) was 13%, When the $TiCl_3$ concentration is double (pH 3.0), the fraction of enzyme inactivated increases to 36%. The activity of the system containing 0.025 M $TiCl_3-0.1$ M $H_2O_2$ (pH 1.5) was essentially zero. The results seem to support the previos view that the production of OH radical should be proportional to $TiCl_3$ concentration when $H_2O_2$ is present in excess. Increase in the extent of inactivation found in system I with increasing $TiCl_3$ concentration may be due to a pH effect. $H_2O_2$ seems to be less effective than $TiCl_3$ in the inactivation. 1% lysozyme solution, when ${\gamma}$-irradiated with a total dose of 3M rads, loses about 20% of its activity. Lowering of temperature also was found to yield a reduction in enzymatic activity.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.763-769
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• 2007

This study compared the performance of a bioscrubber, a biofilter, and a combined system of bioscrubber and biofilter employed being operated at the laboratory-scale. for the removal of hydrogen sulfide. The bioscrubber maintained 100% removal of hydrogen sulfide up to inlet load of $56\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}hr$, while the removal efficiency was decreased with the increase of inlet load. The biofilter showed 100% removal efficiency up to inlet load of $126\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}h$ and the maximum elimination capacity of $126\;g\;S/m^3{\cdot}h$ for the inlet load of $224\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}h$. On the other hand, the combined system of bioscrubber and biofilter showed 100% removal for an inlet hydrogen sulfide load of up to $85\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}h$ and the maximum elimination capacity of $153\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}h$ for inlet loads of $224\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}h$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.44-51
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• 1988

The objective of this study is to develop a grain handling system for loading, unloading and transporting of rough rice stored at the in-bin drying and storage (IBDS) developed by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST). A mechanized Fain handling system consisted of a portable auger and a gate was developed and tested. The test results can be summarized as the following: 1) The loading capacity of the handling system developed is $16.2m^3/h$ (8.3 ton/h) for the Indica type rice and $13.0m^3/h$(7.3 ton/h) for the Japonica type. It is greater than that of manual handling as much as 2.5 - 2.7 times. 2) The unloading capacity of the handling system developed is $16.0m^3/h$(8.2 ton/h) for the Indica type rice and $12.6m^3/h$(7.0 ton/h) for the Japonica type. It is greater than that of the manual as much as 4.7 - 5.5 times. 3) For 3-ton capacity of the storage, the loading and unloading can be performed for 20 and 30 minutes by one man operation of equipment. while 60 and 120 minute for the manual of 2 men, respectively. 4) The volumetric efficiency of the system developed is 0.42 - 0.54 and the power efficiency is 4.0 - 4.4. 5) The break-even quantity of the handling system developed is about 38.6 ton($68.7m^3$) of rough rice and the initial investment for the system would be returned within five years for the most owners of the KAIST IBDS system.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1987

Synthesis of high purity ultrafine Si3N4 and ${\beta}$-Sialon powders was investigated via the simultaneous reduction and nitriding of amorphous SiO2, SiO2-Al2O3 system prepaerd by hydrolysis of alkoxides, using carbonablack as a reducing agent. In Si(OC2H5)4-C2H5 OH-H2 O-NH4OH system, hydrolysis rate increased with increasing reaction temperature and pH. Pure ${\alpha}$-Si3N4 was formed at 1350$^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs in N2 atmosphere. In Si(OC2H5)4-Al(OC3H7)3-C6H6-H2 O-NH4OH system, weight loss increased as Si/Al ratio decreased. Single phase ${\beta}$-Sialon consisted of Si/Al=2 was formed at 1350$^{\circ}C$ in N2 and minor phases of ${\alpha}$-Si3N4, AIN, and X-phase were existed besides theSialon phase at other Si/Al ratios. The Si3N4 and Sialon powders synthesized from alkoxides consisted of uniform find particles of 0.05-0.2$\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1971

The reaction of amino acids and the reactive hydroxyl radical generated by $Ti^{3+}-H_2O_2$ system was studied using fast flow techniques coupled with ESR. Upon adding methionine to the 0.2M $H_2O_2$ solution (0.05M methionine after addition) and mixing with 0.01M $TiCl_3$, the low field component of the two incompletely resolved peaks, in the spectrum of $Ti^{3+}-H_2O_2$ system alone, vanished completely whereas the high field component remained almost constant and superimposed on the secondary spectrum of the methionine free radical. Similar results were obtained for other amino acids and proteins. The results strongly demonstrate that the $T^{3+}-H_2O_2$ flow system generates two different radical species, only one of which, giving rise to the low field component, is alone responsible for abstracting hydrogen atoms from substrate molecules. The effects of HCl, $H_2SO_4$ and NaOH on the system were also studied with widely varying results.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

3D geometric modeling has a lot of advantages in the field of design and manufacturing. Many manufacturing processes and production lines are using 3D geometric modeling technique. These help reduce the cost and time for manufacturing. The purpose of this study is the realization of a 3D cutting shape for an H-Beam used in ships and ocean plants. The complex 3D cutting shapes could be represented by using the boolean operation of basic figures. Graphic functions with parameters were used to simply define the basic figures. The developed system can show the complex cutting shape of an H-beam simply and quickly. This system can be utilized for the automatic cutting system for an H-beam.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.526-533
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• 2009

In this paper, cycle performance analysis of $CO_2-C_3H_8$ (R744-R290) cascade refrigeration system with internal heat exchanger is presented to offer the basic design data for the operating parameters of the system. The operating parameters considered in this study include subcooling and superheating degree and gas cooling pressure and evaporating temperature in the propane (R290) low temperature cycle and the carbon dioxide (R744) high temperature cycle. The main results were summarized as follows : The COP of cascade refrigeration system of $CO_2-C_3H_8$ (R744-R290) increases with the increasing subcooling degree, but decreases with the increasing superheating degree. The COP of cascade refrigeration system increases with the increasing evaporating temperature, but decreases with the increasing gas cooling pressure. Therefore, superheating and subcooling degree, compressor efficiency, evaporating temperature and gas cooling pressure of $CO_2-C_3H_8$ (R744-R290) cascade refrigeration system have an effect on the COP of this system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.133-141
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• 1997

In order to treat the landfill leachate, $UV/TiO_2/H_2O_2$ system connected with biological treatment was investigated, and proper pretreatment methods were examined to reduce the load on the system considering economical and technical efficiency. It was more profitable to put $H_2O_2$ into the system in the early stage for the sample which was treated with $H_2SO_4$ to decrease alkalinity and with $FeCl_3-6H_2O$ flocculation. Because the required reaction time run up by increasing $H_2O_2$ input amount, though the COD was reduced slightly, the optimal $H_2O_2$ input amount should be determined for the desired COD and the economical efficiency. The appropriate way to get the lowest COD in the shortest time was the method to treat the sample which was controlled to pH 3.5 after adjusting to pH 12 and put 500 ppm $H_2O_2$ into the system. In that case, to increase $H_2O_2$ input amount was not profitable for the system efficiency. The sufficient photocatalytic excited time was required to reduce the photocatalytic decomposition time for the sample which was gone through the alkali state.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.44-48
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• 2012

H-beam used for stiffening the upper structure of ocean plant is cut in the various shapes. The cutting process of the H-beam is done manually and requires a long time and high cost. Therefore, automation of H-beam cutting is an important task. This research aims to develop a 3-D simulator to build the automatic H-beam cutting system and to determine the optimal cutting method. The automatic H-beam cutting system composes of 6 robots including 2 cutting robots hang to a crane and 1 conveyer. The appropriate system layout for covering the various sizes and types of H-beam was tested and determined using the simulator. The H-beam cutting system uses a hybrid type of plasma and gas cutting because of special cutting shapes of H-beam. The cutting area of each cutting method should be properly divided according to the size and shape of H-beam to shorten the total cutting time. Additionally the collision between a robot and a robot or a robot and H-beam should be avoided. The optimal cutting method for the shortest cutting time without the collision could be found for the various cutting conditions by use of the simulator. 2 simulation samples shows the availability of the simulator to find the optimal cutting method.