• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.169-178
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• 2007

The next generation mobile multimedia network is expected to provide higher-rate multimedia communication services to versatile mobile terminals moving in even higher speed. For achieving more efficient reusability of scarce radio resources and thereby accommodating more user population in this network, the smaller cell such as micro or pico cell structure is used. More efficient and faster hand-over schemes are necessary to prevent the degradation of QoS of multimedia services caused by hand-over processing delay and packet loss during frequent hand-over. This paper proposes a faster and more effective hand-over scheme for high-rate multimedia services in the future mobile multimedia networks. by utilizing the GPS information on the position of the mobile terminal and its estimated moving directions. The simulation results show that our proposed method provides a better performance than the conventional method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.784-793
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• 2012

This paper deals with subcarrier allocation strategies for soft hand-over in OFDMA-based cellular systems. Two possible subcarrier allocation methods are considered for soft hand-over. One method is to use an identical subcarrier set between the two cells participating in the hand-over. The other is to use different subcarrier sets between the two cells. As expected, the different subcarrier strategy is better in terms of diversity order and BER than the identical subcarrier strategy. It will be shown that the BER performance difference between the two strategies is more noticeable with contiguous subcarrier allocation. But the different subcarrier strategy consumes twice more frequency resources than the other, and there is a trade-off between the two strategies in terms of BER and frequency resources. By considering the trade-off, we also propose a subcarrier allocation strategy for soft hand-over.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.574-582
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• 2013

This study categorizes and analyzes hand types based on 2-Dimensional measurements of women in their 60-80's in order to establish initial data that can help develop a well-fitted glove and hand protector for elderly women. A total of 22 measurement items were selected to provide information about Size Korea (2010) 3D hand measurements. Participants in the study were 353 elderly women over the age of 60. Subjects were divided into two age groups (60's and over 70's). Statistical tests (such as Descriptive Analysis and T-test) analyzed the data and ascertained the age differences. A factor analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to classify elderly women hand types. The disparities between 20-30's and over 60's age groups were compared by T-test with the SPSS 20 program for Windows. The results in this study are follows: The hand shapes for elderly women were divided into 3 groups. Elderly women's Hand Type A is average length and the medium breadth hand type. Type B is the biggest length and breadth, Type C is the smallest length and breadth hand type. There were significant differences in the 20-30's and over 60's age groups for most hand length and breadth items. In addition, the mean measurement value of the length items decreased as the age increased; however, the diversity of items increased, so that it became shorter and wider. Further study should include the classification of hand shape dimensions for each figure type of sizing gloves for elderly women. We expect hand types to be applicable to the manufacture of gloves for elderly women.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2013

Efficient resource management and hand-over schemes are necessary to maintain consistent QoS because it may be severely defected by some delay and information loss during hand-over in LTE-Advanced networks. This paper proposes a resource management scheme based on the load control to support consistent QoS for heterogeneous services during hand-over in OFDMA based systems. Various multimedia services with different requirements for resource are able to be serviced simultaneously because service continuity can be provided by our proposed scheme. Simulation results show that it provides better performances than the conventional one with the measure of hand-over failure rate and packet loss rate.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.2 s.34
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• pp.123-132
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• 2005

In this paper, a conventional key exchange method simply Performs the key exchange setup step based on discrete algebraic subjects. But the mutual-authentication procedure of wireless PKI for reducing authentication time uses an elliptical curve for a key exchange setup step. Proposed hand-over method shows reduced hand-over processing time than conventional method since it can reduce CRL retrieval time. Also, we compared proposed authentication structure and conventional algorithm, and simulation results show that proposed authentication method outperforms conventional algorithm in authentication waiting time.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.380-389
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• 2012

This study aims to argue fundamental issues on factors associated with revenues of hand injury patients to effectively manage hospitals specialized in hand injuries. The study employes 2,461 patients who entered S hospital from 2008 to 2010 with hand injuries. The followings are the results of the study. First, there is significant difference among occurrence of hand injuries with regard to demographics of patients. That is, it is likely to have longer average length of stay(ALOS) of male over female, of the elderly over infants and toddlers, and vice versa on average daily patient revenues. Also, compared to patients with traffic and labor insurance, patients with health insurance is likely to stay longer at lower daily cost. Fifth, demographics and incidence of hand injuries were significantly associated with average length of stay(ALOS) and average daily patient revenues. That is, male over female, age over 60 over any other age categories, patients with traffic and labor insurances over one with health insurance, cases with laceration, avulsion and bone transplantation over any other types of hand injury patients were factors significantly related to ALOS and average daily patient revenues. In sum, it is needed to focus on education and campaign to raise attentions on preventing various hand injuries. Also, managers at hospitals specialized in hand injuries should pay attention on issues such as reducing ALOS to run the organization effectively.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1991.10b
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• pp.1774-1778
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• 1991

In this paper, we discuss the smooth hand-over of an object from a man to a robot and vice versa. In order for a robot to grasp an object or release a grasped object stably without using object model, as a man does, one of the basic approaches is the physiological method motivated by the study of human hands. So, we analyze human's grasping behavior by measuring grasp and friction forces simultaneously as a man grasps a experimental device which is designed for grasping or hand-over. Also, we investigate two methods that can predict when and bow fingers will slip upon a grasped object. And then, we propose a method of the hand-over of an object between a man and a robot by applying human's capability to a robot hand control.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.34-42
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• 2009

Mobile communication traffic is changing from voice to data/internet, e.g. wireless internet access, SMS/MMS. more and more. Therefore many data services are coming out over 3G, Mobile WiMAX(WIBRO), LTE etc. Wireless internet market is growing and MIPv6 is more important and many protocols being studied and developed from MIPv6 to Fast MIPv6, Hierachical MIPv6, Proxy MIPv6, etc. The significant factor over MIPv6 is Hand-over latency and Packet-loss PMIPv6 is efficient for reducing mobility related messages and hand-over latency, but it considers single LMA domain. If mobile node is moving inter-LMAs, hand-over delay time affects the real-time communications. To overcome this hand-over delay, we propose present and new enhanced schemes and analize the performance and show the results.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.269-283
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• 2006

To show the recognition of hand-sanitizer, we studied the answers of research questions where we got from the northern part of Seoul and Kyunggi Province. We had categorized two groups both industry-related people who work in restaurants, hygiene service shops, whole sales, government organizations, PC shops, factory-department stores and non industry-related people who work in schools, general offices for this study. 1. Hand sanitation level: Over 60% people washed hands 6 times a day. The group using water and soap was much bigger than the group using water for washing hands. For drying, people preferred wipe tissue, towels, clothes, non drying in that order. 2. Recognition of hand sanitizer and its usage experience: Most people(66.5%) did not know what hand sanitizer is, but they have positive attitude if they use this machine. 3. Place of hand sanitizer: The proper places to install were such public places as hospitals, restrooms, and restaurants. The fifties-group was the most frequently hand washing generation with over 9 times a day. 4. Comparison of recognition for hand-sanitizer by male and female: There were different results in each evaluation item by either male or female. The frequency and method of hand washing showed high in males, while females observed hand sanitization, installation requirements, installation areas, home installation, etc more than anything else.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2021

Purpose: Pediatric hand trauma is common and sometimes causes deformity or disability. The incidence and etiologies of hand trauma in children are different from those in adults. This study analyzed the characteristics of pediatric hand trauma cases and patients over a 15-year period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical record review of 3,432 children (2,265 boys, 1,167 girls, under 18 years of age) with hand injuries from January 2005 to December 2019. We evaluated the sex distribution and injury etiologies. Injuries were classified by type as burns, amputations, crushing injuries, lacerations, extensor and flexor tendon injuries, open and closed fractures, and nerve injuries. Results: Among the pediatric hand injury patients, males were predominant (1.94:1). Simple lacerations (58.4%) were the most common injury type, followed by fractures (22.8%). Lacerations and burns tended to be common in younger age groups, while tendon injuries, nerve injuries, and crushing injuries were more frequently encountered in older age groups. Conclusions: Hand trauma prevention strategies should be established considering the frequent trauma etiologies in specific age groups. An awareness of age-specific characteristics of pediatric hand trauma patients will be helpful to prevent hand trauma.