• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2007

Esterase activity was observed after pesticides treatment in eggs of H. axyridis to select low toxicity pesticide. Egg esterases of H. axyridis were examined using an esterase substrate(${\alpha}$-naphthyl acetate). Three esterase isozymes were detected and the activities were inhibited by organophosphorus insecticide (Chlorpyrifos and Phenthoate), organochlorine insecticide(Methidation), triazole fungicide(Hexaconazole and Triflumizole), and pyrimidine fungicide(Nuarlmol). Fecundity and hatchability in adults and eggs of H. axyridis were examined on selected pesticides. Fecundity and hatchability were significantly reduced from H. axyridis adults and eggs treated with the pesticides and the fungicides showed strong inhibition of esterase isozymes activities. However, we also observed the pesticides and the fungicides showed low or non-inhibition of esterase isozymes activities affected on fecundity and hatchability in adults and eggs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 1995

Acid phosphatase(AP) of he aphid, Megoura crassicauda and the major component of the lady beetle's artificial diet, fresh chicken liver, was adapted as a model protein to study the digestion of diet proteins in the midgut of Harmonia axyridis. The lady beetle did not secrete its own AP into the lumen of the midgut. The aphid and the live chicken liver had AP which was still alive in enzymatic activity from the extract of the lumen of the midgut of the lady beetle. The digestive ability of the lady beetle on proteins turned out to be different depending on food sources. In the lumen of the midgut of the lady beetle, though most of AP of live chicken liver lost its activity withtin 12 hours, that of M. cassicauda kept strong enzymatic activity up to 24 hours.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.497-499
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• 2002

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.471-488
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• 2019

Random genes were screened in two transforming ways to investigate the new genes of a ladybug using the Harmonia axyridis cDNA library stock cell cloned in the LITMUS 28i vector in a previous study. Phenotypic variation was observed after injection of the synthesized double-stranded RNA through the in vitro transcription process. The cDNA library of H. axyridis was transformed into E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ and 10B competent cells by heat shock. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the 42 clones with the insert DNAs revealed that 21 clones were homologous with the genes of insects, and only one clone had a gene from H. axyridis. Thirteen of the 21 insect genes were homologous with genes from coleopteran insects. Fourteen genes were selected, which were identified by the gene screening results, and were synthesized as double-stranded RNA through in vitro transcription. One microgram of the synthesized double-stranded RNA between segments T1 and T2 were injected using a syringe into each anesthetized fourth larvae which were under 2 days old. As a result, a phenotypic variation appeared in the larva injected with the two genes. While the eggs of H. axyridis injected with distilled water hatched out three days after oviposition, the eggs of H. axyridis injected with dsHma 06 did not hatch but become shrivel a week after oviposition. Most of the H. axyridis injected with dsHma 08 died and were unable to complete the pupation or eclosion during ecdysis.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1960

1. Author has surveyed the frequency, geographic variation and micro-geographic variation of the elytral pattern types and the elytral edge of the population of lady-beetle, Harmonia axyridis Pallace which was collected in Seoul and the other 6 localities in Korea. 2. The number of specimen collected were 3.051 in which succinea occupied 88.32 % : Axyridis, 1.00% : spectabilis, 6.145 : and Conspicua , 4.545. 3. Of all 84.80% were found to have elytral edge. 4. There was a little difference in compositional proportation of the above four types to population and in the frequency of elytral edge between the population of west seaside and that of inland of Korea. 5. An interesting micro-geographic variation was observed in Dae-Chun, a beach located on west seaside of south Korea. In this locality , the Succinea occupied 45.23% and 27.805 were found to be provided with elytral edge in the specimen collected in pine trees ( Pinus thunbergii Parlatore), while in the specimen collected in burley field, oak, willow etc. 92.00% were Succinea and 90.93% were found to have elytral edge.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to select the selective aphicides to Myzus persicae adults and its predator, Harmonia axyridis adults. The effects of the selective aphicides on the longevity, fecundity and hatchability of predaror were examined. All experiments were tested at the recommended concentration of those aphicides. Mortalities of adult H. axyridis to pirimicarb (162.5 ppm), fenvalerate (50 ppm) and endosulfan (577.5ppm) were shown 0, 20 and 22.5%, respectively. Endosulfan and fenvalerate showed the mortality above 48% to eggs and larvae H. axyridis, but pirimicarb was not toxic to those stages. Pirimicarb did not affect to the longevity, fecundity and hatchability of H. axyridis, but endosulfan and fenvalerate severely affected to the predators. From these results, pirimicarb can be used in biological controls for M. persicae.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 2000

The Asian ladybird, Harmonia axyridis, might be distinguished in biological control agents for the several aphid species in the greenhouses as well as in the fields. Therefore, feeding behavior and predacious capability characteristics were observed. When ladybirds are searching for aphids as their preys, they use the maxillary palpus as contact reception. Otherwise, most of aphids escape from walking or chewing ladybird to other place (mainly move to near-by leaf, or fall down to the under-leaf or ground) instead of plant sucking. Consumed time of ladybirds for searching and feeding prey were significantly different and dependent on their development stage. The ladybird adults ate about 120 green peach aphids and 257 cotton aphids per day. The 3rd instar of ladybirds ate 2,420 and 2,750 eggs of greenhouse whitefly on the cucumber and tomato leaf, respectively, as well. However, ladybird instars taken greenhouse whitefly eggs could not continuously develope to adult, on the other hand, ladybirds taken aphids were normal condition.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.245-256
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• 2016

Elytra of Harmonia axyridis exhibit varied color patterns. In the present study, we deciphered the genetic basis for intraspecific diversity of elytra color patterns in H. axyridis, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Twenty-eight AFLP reactions were performed to generate a total of 2,741 bands. Of these, 20 bands were polymorphic for each color pattern. The polymorphic bands showed differences of genetic character among different color patterns of H. axyridis. Among them, ten candidate AFLP markers were color-linked. S1, S2, and S20 markers were detected in Succinea 1 and 2 variants of H. axyridis, whereas S3 and S5 were specifically detected in the Conspicua variant. S15, S18, and S19 were specific to the Succinea 2 variant. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of these ten AFLP markers were sequenced. BLAST analysis of these sequences against the GenBank database revealed their homology to DNA fragments of unknown function. Based on the color-linked AFLP markers, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were designed for PCR amplification of genomic DNA. Of the ten AFLP markers, five were successfully converted into SCAR markers, which could discriminate elytra color polymorphism in H. axyridis.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2001

The antennal sensilla of the adult male and female ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Nine types of sensilla were characterized and grouped into 5 morphological classes: $B\ddot{o}hm$, basiconic, chetiform, coeloconlc, and trichoid sensilla. $B\ddot{o}hm$ sensilla were localized on the scape and pedicel, part of the ventral and dorsal proximal side. This placement suggests a role in proportion of antennal position and movement. Basiconic and chetiform sensilla were divided into 3 subtypes by morphology and length differences. Trichoid sensilla are confined to the last 2 flagellum segments on both sexes. Sexual dimorphism of antennal sensilla is limited to the three types of difference. The principal characteristics of this dimorphism are the following: a) The distribution of sensilla was differ from male and female in antennae. b) Males exhibit coeloconic sensilla not present in females; c) Females posses more trichoid sensilla than males. The possible role of specific dilference of the sensilla in intersexual communication is discussed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2012

In order to cloning of PPO gene as a melanin formation related genes involved in hardening and pigmentation of insect integument or wing, we cloned cDNA and analyzed the sequence of PPO gene of H. axyridis. PPO2 primer were designed based on the sequences of PPO genes of Tribolium castaneum and Drosophila melanogaster, and then plasmid DNA were cloned from PCR products obtained from different two color patterns. When the plasmid DNA band pattern were digested by restriction enzymes, BamH1, Xba1, and EcoR1, we found same size band pattern. However, this sequence was not homologous to sequence of T. castaneum PPO gene. Using the primer designed based on the sequence of D. melanogaster, 209 bp PCR product was observed.