• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effects of repetitive mandibular opening movement and change of head posture on the vibration of temporomandibular(TM) joint. For this study, 23 patients with internal derangement of TM joint were selected. All they had clinically noticeable TM joint sound. Observation of the joint vibration were performed in four head postures, namely, natural head posture (NHP), forward head posture(FHP), upward head posture(UHP), and downward head posture(DHP). For recording of joint sound vibration, Sonopak of Biopak system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, USA) was used, The author could take results related to integral higher than 300Hz, integral lower than 300Hz, ratio of integral higher than 300Hz to integral lower than 300Hz, total integral which was sum of higher and lower integral, peak amplitude, and peak frequency in each opening movement, which was carried out three times in each head posture. Integral means amount of vibration. The data obtained were analysed by SPSS windows program and the results of this study were as follows : 1. In NHP, total integral in right TM joint was 5O.3Hz in the first opening, 67.9Hz in the second opening, and 74.0Hz in the third opening movement, bur there was no significant increase of total integral with repetitive opening movement. This finding was similar in left TM joint. Integral lower than 300Hz were higher than integral higher than 300Hz in almost every opening movement. 2. There was no significant difference of total integral between right and left side of TM joint, but there was a tendency of higher total integral in right TM joint than that in left TM joint except for results in DHP. 3. Peak amplitude in NHP ranged from 2.0 to 4.7, and peak frequency in NHP were 101.4-170.0Hz. And there was no consistent findings related to increase or decrease of these value according to repetitive opening in each head posture. 4. Change of head posture did not result any difference in integral, peak amplitude, and peak frequency. In conclusion, change of head posture and repetitive mandibular opening movement did not make any significant effect on the vibration of temporo-mandibular joint, especially, on total integral, peak amplitude, and peak frequency.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.351-357
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the effects of the McKenzie exercise program on forward head posture and respiratory function. Methods: Thirty adult men and women with forward head posture, aged 20-29 years, were randomly assigned to the experimental group (N=15) or the control group (N=15). Subjects in the experimental group performed the McKenzie exercises three times a week for four weeks, while subjects in the control group did not receive any intervention. Craniovertebral angle (CVA) was measured to quantify forward head posture, and forced vital capacity (FVC), FVC % predicted, forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV₁), and FEV₁ % predicted were measured to determine changes in respiratory function. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to analyze pre-test differences in forward head posture and respiratory function between the two groups, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze differences in forward head posture and respiratory function within the groups before and after intervention. The significance level (α) was set to 0.05. Results: A comparison of pre- and post-test measures showed that CVA significantly increased in the experimental group (p=0.001) denoting postural improvement, whereas no significant difference was found in the control group (p=0.053). All respiratory measures, i.e.,FVC, FVC %pred, FEV₁, and FEV₁ %pred, were significantly improved in the experimental group, whereas there were no significant differences in the control group. Conclusions: McKenzie exercise can be effective in improving forward head posture and respiratory function.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.112-118
• /
• 2016

The neck pain is fairly common occurance. Forward head posture and text neck are poor postures which may be related with neck pain but the evidence is not enough. We developed the wearable sensor which can assess the head & neck posture in daily life. Microprocessor, Bluetooth low energy, and 3-axis accelerometer, rechargeable battery and vibratior for reminding are used to implement the wearable sensor. Real-time algorithm to parameterize the posture for one epoch is implemented which classifies the posture in the epoch into three classed; dynamic, static_good posture, and static_poor posture. Also the algorithm makes reminding to its wearer to give them the prolonged poor posture is detected. The mean error of measurement was 1.2 degree. The correlation coefficient between neck angle and craniovertebral angle was 0.9 or higher in all cases. With the pilot study on text neck syndrome was also quatified. Average of neck angle were 74.3 degree during the listening in the classroom and 57.8 degree during the smartphoning. Using the wearable sensor suggested, the poor postures of forward head posture and neck neck can be detected in real-time which can remind the wearer according to his/her setting.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2018

Purpose: To find the effect of visual feedback of head angle with using a mobile posture-aware system on craniocervical angle and neck and shoulder muscles fatigue for preventing or decreasing the forward head posture. Methods: Twenty-four healthy young adults in Chungbuk to participate in this study. The subjects started to watch a movie clip for 10 minutes with visual feedback in $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, and $60^{\circ}$ of head angles. During the task, surface electromyography (EMG) was used to collect data from the upper trapezius (UT), sternocleidomasetoid muscle (SCM), cervical erecter spinae (CES) during watching the smartphone. Craniocervical angles were measured using a sagittal-view photograph of the subject in a sitting posture. A one-way repeated analysis of variance with a significant level of 0.05 used for statistical analysis. Results: Craniocervical angle with $0^{\circ}$ visual feedback was significantly greater than $30^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$. Craniocervical angle with $30^{\circ}$ visual feedback was significantly greater than $60^{\circ}$. In addition, MDF of UT muscles in $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ of visual feedback was significantly greater than $60^{\circ}$. Conclusion: We concluded that $0^{\circ}$ visual feedback of head angle with using a mobile posture-aware system would be beneficial to prevent or decrease forward head posture during watching a smartphone. We also could recommend using of $30^{\circ}$ visual feedback in case of caring UT muscle fatigue primarily.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.341-350
• /
• 2005

두부방사선규격사진에서는 매 촬영 시마다 두부의 수직적 회전 정도를 일정하게 유지하기 위하여 두부자세의 재현이 필요하다 본 연구는 유도방법에 따른 자연두부자세의 수직적 두부회전 정도의 차이를 비교하고 각 두부자세의 재현성을 평가하기 위하여 시행되었다 20대 성인 남녀 30명을 연구대상으로 하여 head posture aligner를 이용한 방법(HPA법)과 self balance posture를 이용한 방법(SBP법)으로 자연두부자세를 유도하여 측모 및 정모두부방사선규격사진을 각각 한 달 간격으로 촬영한 후, 측모두부방사선규격사진 상에서 유도 방법에 따른 수직적 두부회전 정도의 차이를 비교하는 한편, 측모 및 정모두부방사선규격사진에서 시간 간격을 두고 동일 방법으로 유도하여 촬영한 두 사진 상의 동일 계측항목 간 차이를 비교함으로써 각 두부자세의 유도방법에 대한 재현성을 평가하였다 연구결과 SBP법으로 유도한 자연두부자세는 HPA법에 의해 유도된 자연두부자세보다 평균 $2.79^{\circ}$ 고개를 숙인 자세로 나타났다. 또한 HPA법 또는 SBP법을 이용하여 시간 간격을 두고 각각 2회 촬영한 측모두부방사선규격사진과 정모두부방사선규격사진 상의 계측치는 모든 계측항목에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 HPA법과 SBP법으로 유도한 자연두부자세가 모두 재현성이 있음을 나타내는 것으로 두부방사선규격사진 촬영 시 재현성을 높이기 위하여 HPA법과 더불어 SBP법도 임상적으로 사용될 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.278-285
• /
• 2020

Background: Individuals with forward head posture (FHP) have neck pain. To correct the FHP, a posture correction band is commonly used. However, we do not know the posture correction band influenced the pulmonary function in individuals with FHP. Objects: This study aimed to elucidate the effects of the posture correction band on the pulmonary function in young adults with neck pain and FHP and to monitor how the pulmonary function changed over time. Methods: Twenty subjects with chronic neck pain and forward head posture were recruited. Subjects performed pulmonary function test four times: before, immediately, and 2 hours after wearing the postural band, and immediately after undressing the postural band. Vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) were measured. The modified Borg dyspnea scale was used to measure each subject's responses to the posture correction band. The mixed-effect linear regression was used to the effect of the posture correction band over time. Results: There were no significant differences in VC, FVC, PEF, FEV1 values over time (p > 0.05), although all values slightly decreased after applying posture correction band. However, the score of the modified Borg scale significantly changed after wearing the postural bands (p < 0.05), indicating the subject felt discomfort with posture correction band during breathing. Conclusion: Because the posture correction band did not change the pulmonary function over time, but it induces psychological discomforts during breathing in people with FHP. Therefore, this posture correction band can be used for FHP realignment after discussion with the subjects.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.140-146
• /
• 2014

Purpose: Differences in scapular kinematics and muscle activity appear in the forward head and rounded shoulder posture (FHRSP). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the following effects according to different postures on scapular kinematics and muscle activity around scapular region in individuals with and without FHRSP during overhead reaching task. Methods: Thirty pain-free subjects with/without FHRSP participated in this study. All subjects were positioned into three positions: habitual head posture (HHP), self-perceived ideal head posture (SIHP) and therapist-perceived neutral head posture (TNHP). Muscle activities of upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT) and serratus anterior (SA) were measured during overhead reaching task. Results: Muscle activity of trapezius muscle (UT and LT) during HHP was significantly higher than SIHP and TNHP in FHRSP group (p<0.05), but there was no difference between SIHP and TNHP. SA also significantly increased muscle activity in HHP more than SIHP and TNHP in FHRSP group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between SIHP and TNHP. In Non-FHRSP group, although there was a tendency of different muscle activities among three postures, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This result demonstrates that muscle activity associated with overhead reaching task is increased in HHP which affects the scapular kinematics and SIHP contributes changed scapular kinematics and proper recruitment of muscle activity in FHRSP similarly to TNHP.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.195-204
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of head posture change on initial occlusal contacts through measuring the distances between initial occlusal contacts and maximum intercuspal position at different head posture. Two special devices were designed and constructed. Mandibular movement replicator was used to assess reliability of the K6 diagnostic system(MKG; Myo-tronic Inc, Seatle, USA) and head posture calibrator was used to maintain the constant head posture during experiment. We measured difference of distance between initial occlusal contact and maximum intercuspal position with MKG in upright, supine, 45 degrees extension, 30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees right and left bending postion of the head. The Frankfurt horizontal plane was used as a reference plane. 21 adults aged from 23 to 25 were selected, who have normal or class I molar relationship, and have no symptoms on TMJ and masticatory muscles, and have restorations less than 3 surfaces on each tooth, and have no other prosthetic restoration. The obtained results were as follows : The mean absolute distances between initial occlusal contact and maximum intercuspal postion were 0.39(0.18mm in the upright position, 0.65(0.37mm in the supine position, 0.59(0.33mm in the 45 degree extension, 0.70(0.53mm in the 30 degrees flexion, 1.12(1.10mm in the 30 degrees right bending and 1.94(0.67mm in the 30 degrees left bending of the head. The positions of the initial occlusal contacts have a tendency to locate anterior, left and inferior to maximal intercuspal position in upright position, posterior and inferior in supine position and 45 degrees extension, anterior and inferior in 30 degrees flexion, right and inferior in 30 degrees right bending, and left and inferior in 30 degrees left bending of the head. There were significant differences among the initial occlusal contacts in each head postures(P<0.0001). Therefore, we need to check initial occlusal contacts in the altered head posture during occlusal analysis and adjustment of occlusal appliance and dental occlusion for diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorder.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2023

본 논문에서는 사용자의 골격 자세를 분석하여 네트워크 학습 기반으로 거북목 자세를 정확하고 효율적으로 판별하는 시스템을 제안한다. 거북목 증후군이란 목이 구부정하게 앞으로 나오는 자세를 오래 유지함으로써 목의 자세가 바뀌고 뒷목, 어깨, 허리 등에 통증이 생기는 증상을 말하며, 수술이나 약물치료보다 평소의 자세 습관이 효과적이라고 알려져 있다. 기존의 방법들은 웹캠을 이용한 합성곱 신경망을 이용하였고, 이러한 접근법은 영상의 명도와 조명, 피부 색 등에 영향을 받기 때문에 특정 인물에 대해서만 수행되는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 문제를 완화하고 자 영상으로부터 골격을 추출하고, 정면보다는 측면에 해당하는 데이터를 학습하여 이전 기법보다 효율적이고 정확하게 거북목 자세를 찾아낸다. 결과적으로 이전 기법에 비해 다양한 실험 장면에서 정확도가 되었음을 보여준다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 2016

Objective: Tension-type headache is caused by hormones, foods, irritants, stress, obesity, fatigue, and neck and head trigger points-prolonged abnormal posture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of relaxation approach on head posture, static postural stability, and headache in persons with tension-type headache. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-five persons with tension-type headache participated in this study. This study was a pretest-posttest with a control group design for a duration of 4 weeks (60 min/3 times/1 wk). The participants were randomly allocated to the relaxation approach group (n=18) and the control group with conventional rehabilitation including thermotherapy and transcutaneous electrical stimulation for the same period (n=17). Outcome measures involved forward head posture (FHP), foot pressure, neck disability index (NDI), and six-item headache impact test (HIT-6). Results: Relaxation approach and control groups improved significantly in the amount of forward head posture, neck disability index, and six-item headache impact test scores after training (p<0.05). The control group was found to be significantly different in the amount of FHP, backward foot pressure, NDI, and HIT-6 after training compared to before training (p<0.05). The relaxation approach group significantly improved in forward head posture, neck disability index, and six-item headache impact test compared with control group after training (p<0.05). Neck disability index and six-item headache impact test significantly improved after training compared with before training in the control group (p<0.05). However, the foot pressure was not significantly different between relaxation approach and control groups. Conclusions: This study suggests that treatment with relaxation approach combined with self-exercise would be effective in reducing the amount of forward head posture, neck disability and headache impacts.