• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.347-361
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• 1999

This study was undertaken in order to determine the relationship among a health locus of control. self-esteem. perceived health status. and health promoting behavior in order to determine factors affecting health promoting lifestyle in college students. The subject were 137 students of one university in Kyungsan. The analysis of data was done with a mean. percentage. Pearson correlation coefficient. and Stepwise multiple regression with an SAS program. The result of this study ware as follows: 1. Performance in health-promoting behavior was significantly correlated with self-efficacy and self-esteem 2. Performance in self-achievement was significantly correlated with self-efficacy, self-esteem, and perceived health status. Performance in health responsibility was significantly correlated with self-efficacy and self-esteem Performance in exercise was significantly correlated with self-efficacy and perceived health status. Performance in nutrition was significantly correlated with self-efficacy. self-esteem. and perceived health status. Performance in interpersonal support was significantly correlated with self-efficacy. internal locus of control. and self-esteem Performance in stress management was significantly correlated with self-efficacy, self-esteem. and perceived health status. 3. Self-efficacy was the highest factor predicting health promoting lifestyles. 4. Self-efficacy was the highest factor predicting self-achievement. health responsibility. exercise. nutrition. and stress management. Self-esteem was the highest factor predicting interpersonal support. From this research findings, we need to develop health promoting program and health education focusing on exercise, health responsibility for college students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.278-302
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• 1994

This article reviewed and analyzed 39 studies on self efficacy theory applied to health related behavior. The following analysis was done : 1) study subjects 2) measurement tools 3) analysis according to the type of research design(intervention re-search, explanatory research). Some findings are summarized as follows : The study subjects were both healthy people in various developmental stages and patients with various illnesses. The health related behaviors examined in the studies were also various including exercise, smoking cessation, self care behaviors, etc. The measurement of self efficacy was done with specific tools in most studies. In the tools, activities that measured the health behavior domain were listed according to increasing difficulty or contexual arrangement or in combination of both of them The analysis of 17 intervention research studies showed that generally the intervention program increased the self efficacy level of subjects and then the increased strongly self efficacy influenced behavioral changes. Most studies used more than one intervention method for increasing the self efficacy level. these were derived from sources of self efficacy suggested by Bandura. The analysis of 21 explanatory research studies showed that self efficacy strongly influenced behavior change and persistence. The major independent variable to affect the self efficacy was performance accomplishment in the past. Self efficacy explained more of the variance in health related behavior when it was applied with the variables in the health belief model, health promotion model, and reasoned action theory. On the basis of the above findings, the following suggestions are made : 1. For a desirable research design, self efficacy should be the intervening variable. That is, desirable designs would include intervention-self efficacy-behavior in intervention research studies and antecedent-self efficacy-behavior in explanatory research studies. 2. More prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to test the effect of self efficacy on persistence in health related behavior. 3. Studies comparing the effects of intervention methods are needed for each health related behavior, subject group, and context. 4. It is necessary to develop a reliable, valid measurement tool for self efficacy for each health related behavior. 5. Studies to differenciate the effect of self efficacy from that of outcome expectation on the health related behavior are necessary. 6. The antecedents of self efficacy should be investigated further.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.5
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• pp.43-70
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• 2004

This research was conducted to provide basic document on efficient health promotion behavior program that elementary school students can use from elementary school course to enhance health promotion behavior for healthy life by checking out the degree of the most influential factor for health promotion behavior about elementary school students who establish lifelong health habit, and by checking out the relation between the degree of self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. The number of subjects of this research was 598. They were all elementary school students from the sixth grade students of the 5 cities of the Kyeong Nam province. We conducted questionnaires and did statistical analyses by using 592 papers which were suitable for date analyses with SPSS. The conclusions were as follows; A. The degree of self-efficacy The degree of self-efficacy of elementary school students was more than average. The degree of self-efficacy on physical activity was the highest and the degree of self-efficacy on self-fulfillment was the lowest. The degree of self-efficacy of girl students was comparatively higher than that of boy students. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest in health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. B. The degree of health promotion behavior Although the degree of health promotion behavior of elementary school students was a bit lower than the degree of self-efficacy, it was higher than average. The degree of health promotion behavior on physical activity was the highest. But the degree of health promotion behavior on health of their own was the lowest. The degree of health promotion behavior between girl students and boy students was the same. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest In health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. C. The relation between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior When the degree of self-efficacy was high, the degree of health promotion behavior was high too. So there was high positive relationship between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. Physical activity showed the highest relationship. The order of strong relationship run as follows. Relationship with others, self-fulfillment, management of stress. The higher self-efficacy which was a recognizable factor on health behavior, the higher the degree of health promotion behavior. It is being revealed that many modem chronic diseases are cause by accumulated careless attitude on harmful health habit and lack of self-control. The behavior of keeping healthy and enhancing health is more firm when they have high self-efficacy which is believing their own conviction. So, When we teach elementary school students health promotion education at school, we should try to enhance their own self-efficacy rather than just instill simple information about health. By doing so, we can help them change their attitude on health. Then, they could enjoy life-long healthy life.

• Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2018

Purpose: Self-efficacy encompass one's belief in one's ability to organize and achieve goals. Previous studies have not adequately examined the mediating role of self-efficacy between social support and health promotion behavior. Therefore, this study explored the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between social support and health promotion behavior among older women living alone. Methods: Participants were 145 older women living alone attending a local welfare center for seniors. They completed the Self-efficacy Scale, Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey Scale, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, Baron and Kenny's regression analysis and the Sobel test with the SPSS program. Results: The average social support, health promotion behavior, and self-efficacy were not high. Self-efficacy was a partial mediating role in the relationship between social support and health promotion behavior. Social support was positively correlated with self-efficacy (r=.31, p<.001) and with health promotion behavior (r=.43, p<.001), and self-efficacy was positively related with health promotion behavior (r=.39, p<.001). Conclusion: To enhance health promotion behavior in older women who live alone, intervention strategies to increase social support and self-efficacy for these women should be developed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.863-871
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing on health promotion behaviors in public health course of college students. Methods : Subjects were 325 dental hygiene students and they completed self-reported questionnaires including health promotion behaviors, self efficacy, self esteem, and general characteristics from May 13 to 24, 2013. Students were recruited by sample convenience extraction. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Results : Health promotion behaviors were closely related to concern for health care (p<0.001) and concern for health related goods (p<0.01). High self-efficacy and high self-esteem showed concern for health care (p<0.001). 2. Health promotion behaviors had significantly positive correlation with self efficacy, self esteem, and perceived health condition. 3. The most powerful predictor in health promotion behaviors was self efficacy. Self efficacy, self esteem, and major, concern for health-related goods, perceived health condition accounted for 40.8% of the total variance in health promotion behaviors. Conclusions : The result revealed that undergraduate students should take exercise and diet control for their health. Self-efficacy is the most important predictor of health promotion behaviors. Health promotion behavior programs should put emphasis on exercise and diet control and can be improved by behavioral change.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between self-control behavior, social comparison attitude, self-efficacy and health promotion activities of college students who had health related majors (nursing, dental hygiene, health administration). Methods: The subjects consisted of 413 college students. Data were collected by self reported questionnaires that were designed to evaluate self-control behavior, social attitudes, self-efficacy and health promotion lifestyle (HPLP). Data were analyzed using the SPSS/PC win 14.0 program. Results: Upward & parallel comparison, self-efficacy and parents income were positively correlated with health promotion activities by college students. The most significant predictors of health promotion activities for college students were self-efficacy and self-control behavior. Conclusion: Health promotion activities for college students are influenced by self-efficacy, self-control behavior, and upward comparison. In conclusion, to increase the health promotion activities of college students, methods designed to increase self-efficacy should be prepared while considering the self-control behavior and comparative propensity towards others.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.16-31
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• 2002

This study was done in order to analyze the relationship of gender identity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, hardiness, and health promotion behavior in the College Women. The subjects were 275 students from a college in Kyungbuk. The instruments used for this study were made of general characteristics(6 items), gender identity(1 item), self-esteem(10 item), self-efficacy(13 items), hardiness(38 items) and health promoting behaviors(40 items). The data were analyzed by SPSS/$PC^+$ program using descriptive statistics, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Stepwise Regression. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The Mean score of gender identity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, hardiness, and health promotion behavior were as follows. 1) The mean score of the health promoting behavior was 2.24. Among the subcategories, the highest score was interpersonal support(2.91), self-actualization (2.85), and the lowest score was health responsibility(1.62). 2) The mean score of the gender identity was 2.04. 3) The mean score of the self-esteem was 2.85. 4) The mean score of the self-efficacy was 6.50. 5) The mean score of the hardiness was 2.83. 2. Correlations of gender identity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, hardiness, and health promotion behavior were as follows. 1) Gender identity was positively correlated with self-esteem(r=-.287, p=.0000), self-efficacy(r=-.226, p=.0000), hardiness(r=.237, p=.0000), health promotion behavior(r=-.236, p=.0000). 2) Self-esteem was positively correlated with self-efficacy(r=.499, p=.0000), hardiness (r=-.275, p=.0000), health promotion behavior(r=.428, p=0000). 3) Self-efficacy was positively correlated with hardiness(r=-.423, p=.0000), health promotion behavior(r=.492, p=.0000). 4) Hardiness was positively correlated with health promotion behavior(r=-.457, p=.0000). 4. Self-efficacy, hardiness and self-esteem were the major predictors for health promoting behavior(35.7%).

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.146-157
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the effect of self-efficacy and self-esteem on the mental health of the elderly in a rural area. Method: The subjects were 120 elderly aged 65 years or over. The instruments used in this study were the self-efficacy, self-esteem, and mental health scales. The data were analyzed by SPSS Win version 10.0, including mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The means were 78.95$\pm$8.11 for self-efficacy, 25.07$\pm$4.79 for self-esteem, and 82.58$\pm$9.78 for mental health. Mental health was significantly influenced by age, spouse, family type, general self-efficacy, social self-efficacy, and self-esteem. These variables accounted for 21.5% of the variances of mental health. Conclusion: The important factors that affected the mental health of the elderly were self-efficacy and self-esteem. Therefore, these findings may provide useful data for constructing a geriatric mental health program of the elderly in a rural area.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2004

Purpose: Adolescence is viewed as a critical period in the formation of health behavior and many health behaviors developed during this era persist into adulthood. Social-cognitive theory, self-efficacy as a central construct, has been used to predict and intervene the health behavioral patterns in adolescent. Previous research demonstrated that the attachment in childhood and self-esteem as psychosocial factors are predictors of the health efficacy in adolescent and it is viewed as solely an antecedent for the lifelong health behavior. Method: To investigate the path pattern of attachment in childhood, self-esteem and health efficacy in adolescents, 381 adolescents in high school from two urban cities in Korea were recruited for cross-sectional sample. Attachment in childhood was measured using Mother-Father-Peer Scale. Self esteem was measured with Hare self esteem. Perceived self efficacy in Health was measured by the School Health Efficacy Questionnaire. The path analysis revealed a significant relationship between attachment in childhood and self-esteem, self-esteem and health efficacy in adolescents. Self esteem was the strongest contributing factor for health efficacy in adolescent. The results suggest that attachment in childhood may aid in formulating positive self -esteem in adolescents and self-esteem played a major role in predicting health efficacy in adolescents. Conclusion: Therefore, self-esteem enrichment should be incorporated with adolescent health promotion and certainly should be a component in any health education program in school health program and interventions. These results have implications of psychosocial and family related factors on health promotion and health education for the health care provider with regard to primary and secondary prevention in adolescent population.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among the health promoting behavior, pain, self-esteem, family support, self-efficacy in patients with chronic arthritis. Method: The data for this study were collected from February 19, 2003 to April 7, 2003. The subjects were 150 chronic arthritis patients who visited University Hospital in D City. The research instruments used in this study were HPLP II, Visual analogue scale, Self-esteem scale, Family support scale, Self-efficacy scale. In data analysis, SPSS PC ver 10.0 program was utilized and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test, ANOVA, Multiple Stepwise Regression and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Result: The average score of the pain, self-esteem, family support, self-efficacy, health promoting behavior was 5.38, 3.37, 4.29, 70.30, 2.68, respectively and the variable with the highest degree of it's subscale was interpersonal support(3.08), whereas the one with the lowest degree was exercise(1.66). There was a positive correlation(r=.327, p=.000) between the self-esteem and health promoting behavior. There was a positive correlation(r=.540, p=.000) between the family support and the self-efficacy and health promoting behavior. Family support, self-efficacy and marital status were significant factors to explain a variance of health promoting behavior in patients with chronic arthritis(51.6%). health promoting behavior. There was a positive correlation(r=.477, p= .000) between Conclusion: The health promoting behavior were positively correlated with self-esteem, family support and self-efficacy. These findings help to understand relationships among self-esteem, family support and self-efficacy in chronic arthritis patients. In addition, family support, self-efficacy and marital status were the mainly influencing factors of health promoting behavior. Among these variables family support was the most significant factor to predict a health promoting behavior. According to the results of this study, family support must be considered as a main factor in the nursing strategy for health promoting behavior of chronic arthritis patients.