• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.214-221
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to investigate the perception of the myopia in early school-aged children's mother and develope myopia preventive education program. Method: Data was collected from June 1th to 24th, 2003. The sample group(two elementary schools in A city)consisted of 105students mother with normal vision(naked vision 1.0 or more), 105 students mother with subnormal vision(0.7 or less). The data was analyzed using S.A.S. For the test of homogeneity and significance of variable, Fisher's Exact test and Student's t-test were used. Results: 1. There was significant difference in perception of being changed the children's eyesight between normal and myopia group(t=7.86, p=.0492). 2. High scores of cause of myopia were distance from TV or computer to viewer and time of watching TV or using computer in both groups. 3. There was significant difference in perception score of cause of myopia in the myopia group was 13.26, and 18.04 in the normal group(t=3.01, p=0.003). Especially in the unbalanced and regulated diet, regulated exercise, distance of eyes reading books and illumination, normal group had more perception score than myopia group. Conclusion: A myopia education program for children and parents should be planed and the effect be verified.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.317-321
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• 2020

This study researched the correlation between myopic refractive errors and intraocular pressure. The study population comprised 39 adults(17 of males, 22 of females). We measured the intraocular pressure using a Non-Contact Tonometer(NCT) and the correlation between myopic refractive errors was analyzed by dividing into three groups: mild, moderate, high myopia. The gender of subjects showed no statistically difference between the intraocular pressure and refractive errors, but as the refractive errors increased, the intraocular pressure incereased, which showed a statistically significant difference. In addition, the higher intraocular pressure in moderate and high myopia than mild myopia can cause glaucoma, that can develop at a young age. it is need to sufficient recognition and understanding correlation between intraocular pressure and myopic refractive errors in the middle-aged high myopia.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlated factors of high myopia in 19 year-old men in Southeast Korea. Methods: This retrospective study was based on the medical checkup data of conscription during 2005. The study subjects were 19 years old men in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongsangnam-do. The health checkup data of the conscripts consisted of noncycloplegic autorefraction test, the biometric data and social factors. To analyze the social and biometric effects, we classified the biometric factors into 4 or 5 groups and the social factors into 3 groups. High myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent of under -6.0 diopter. Data analysis was performed using the chi square test for trends and multiple logistic regression analysis. The SAS(version 9.1) program was used for all the analyses. Results: The prevalence of high myopia was 12.39% (6256 / 50 508). The factors correlated with high myopia were the residence area (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.77 to 2.4 for small city; OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.72 to 2.34 for metropolis; the reference group was rural area), academic achievement (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.53 for students of 4-and 6-year-course university; the reference group was high school graduates & under) and blood pressure (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.16 for hypertension; OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.17 for prehypertension; OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.20 for hypotension; the reference group was normal blood pressure). Conclusions: More than one tenth of the young men were high myopia as one of the risk factor for visual loss. Further studies on high myopia and its complications are needed to improve eye health in Southeast Korea.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.229-237
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• 2021

Background and Objectives To assess the effectiveness of overnight orthokeratology (OK) in myopia using a new contact lens design over a one-month wearing period. Materials and Methods Participants were required to have myopia between -3.00 and -7.50D and astigmatism ≤ 2.00 D to participate in the study. The participants underwent OK with the White OK lens^® (Interojo, Pyungtek, Korea), which has a 6-curve lens design. Participants were assessed at weeks 1, 2, and 4 using slit-lamp bio-microscopy, and tested for refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity, and corneal topography. Success was defined as achieving a Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) ≤ 0.1. Results A total of 46 eligible subjects with a mean age of 23.11 ± 7.89 years were recruited. Baseline logMAR was 1.18 ± 0.30 and a consistent decrease in logMAR was observed from week 1 to week 4. The success rate was 95.35% at week 4. The mean sphere significantly decreased from a mean pre-fitting value of -4.58 ± 1.28 D to a mean value of -0.65 ± 0.69 D at week 4 (p < 0.0001). Statistically significant corneal flattening was detected during keratometry at week 4. Conclusion Overnight OK with the White OK lens is effective for the correction of moderate and high myopia with astigmatism over a one-month wearing period.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2016

Objectives: Considering high prevalence of myopia in Asian countries, social cost paid for myopia may gradually increase in Korea. However, studies for developing myopia treatment are deficient. The study was to evaluate whether the periocular acupressure with a medical massager is effective for suppressing myopia progression. Methods: This study was an investigator-sponsored, prospective, open-labeled, and superiority pre and post single-armed study. 14 myopia children aged 7-12 years wore a medical massager for 15 minutes to stimulate periocular acupoints. For 24 weeks, the participants used the device twice a day. Based on prior studies, the refraction change of naturally proceeded myopia was set as -0.38 D. The axial length change of naturally proceeded myopia was set as 0.228 mm. To assess the safety, we performed vital sign check, physical examination, visual acuity test, slit lamp examination, IOP measurement, and fundus examination. Results: The refraction and axial length of the participants increased. For 24 weeks, the change in refraction was -0.38 D at the right eye and -0.40 D at the left. The change in axial length was 0.21 mm at the right and 0.22 mm at the left. In the safety assessment, any adverse event did not occur. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the control group and the intervention group. The effect of growth may have more contributed to our result than that of acupressure. Based on our result, a full-scale study will not be conducted.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1747-1754
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• 2013

We evaluate the impact of near work has on myopia and how they differ across generation. The study subjects were 201(83 males and 118 females) adults who live in Cheongju and Daejeon. Myopia was defined as more than or equal to (-)2.50D. The subjects were divided myopic and control group. The surveys and eye tests that are related to near work and refractive error were conducted and the relationship between the degree of myopia and near work was investigated. Then, the groups were divided into people in their 20s and 30s and the comparisons were made again. The survey results showed significant differences between myopic and control groups that depended on: hours spent in school and outdoor activities during high school period, degree of refractive error caused by level of exercises during the junior high school and high school years, refractive error based on the type of high schools, also hours spent in school and outdoor activities. When the same question was done on the group in their 20s and 30s, there was a different outcome in trends between the groups and refractive error depending on whether they exercised. The degree of near work is one of the environmental risk factors that affect myopia and must be considered when studying myopic progression. However, when discussing specific behavioral patterns in relations to myopia prevention, culture and visual environment of a given generation must also be considered.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.91-94
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• 2007

This research was investigated to find out the examinees' refractive problems within heterophoria using Torrington method. The number of subjects ware approximately 327 and subjects were sourced from the 12th grade student at high school in Kwang-Ju city. Result obtained shows 21.4% of emmetropia and 78.6% of ametropia. Most of refractive errors were myopia and due to it's condition, frequency of ametropia and emmetropia at the similar rate. However, one that consist of refractive problems, it's myopia contains 74.9% of heterophoria. Due to emmetropia, horizontal heterophoria have 45.7% of exophoria and 4.3% of esophoria. Myopia shows 11.4% of esophoria and 63.5% of exophoria. Hozizonda heterophoria shows 5.7% of emmetropia and myopia of 22.4%, than average of esophoria shows $4.3P{\Delta}$ and case of myopia, it was $3.4P{\Delta}$. Case of Exphoria, emmetropia have $8.8P{\Delta}$ and within myopia $8.0P{\Delta}$. Vertical heterophoria owns $2.2P{\Delta}$ within emmetropia and case of myopia $4.3P{\Delta}$ was shown. Which shows myopia result value higher than emmetropia.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-106
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• 1994

Owing to the use of many cultural facilities, the elevation of life standards and the high level progress of industry, visual impairment was on increasing trends. Especially due to studying for many hours, the myopia of adolescents became a serious social issue. The purpose of this study was to understand adolescent's wearing glasses and eyesight condition, whether the primary myopia factor and the subjective symptoms were different between the myopia group and the normal group, between the wearing glasses group and the non-wearing glasses group, and the effect on physical, mental and study activity of myopia. The subject of investigation was 627 middle school students in Seoul and the investigation was accomplished from July 7th, 1993 to July 12th, 1993. The data were analyzed by the percentage, x²-test, t-test and ANOVA of SPSS. The results were as followed; 1. The rate of the right and left eyesights higher than 0.8 in the normal group was 47.0%, and those less than 0.7 in the myopia group was 53.0%. In the boy students, the normal group was 54.1%, the myopia group was 45.9%. In the girl students, the normal group was 39.2%, the myopia group was 60.8%. Therefore the girl students' myopia rates were higher than the boy students', and this result was significant(p<0.01). 2. The rate of wearing glasses of the middle school students was 44.6%. The rate of wearing glasses of the girl students was 56.8%. The rate of wearing glasses of the girl students was higher than that of the boy students 43.2%. The rate of necessary glasses of the middle school students was 6.1% and the rate of necessary glasses of the boy students was 7.9%, the rate of necessary glasses of the girl students was 4.1%. 3. In case of a family member of the student wear glasses, the rate of wearing glasses was higher. 4. In the myopia group, the main reason for not wearing glasses was "Uncomfortable"(63.3% in the boy students, 40% in the girl students). In case of the girl students, "Nonpermission of their parents" was 18.7% and remarkably higher than 5.1% in case of the boy students. 5. The factor of myopia was that "The bad attitude of watching TV closely" was 19.9%, that "The dimly-lit room" was 6.6%. 6. In order to protect eyesight, the rate of the students who practiced "Looking at something from afar 3∼4times a day" was 37.3%, the rate of the students who did "Eye exercise" was 17.5%, the rate of the students who took "A medicine for promoting nutrition" was 12.9%. The rate of taking the medicine was higher than 3.5% in the normal eyesight group. 7. After near working, the point of subjective symptoms was higher in the myopia group than in the normal group and in the wearing glasses group than in the unwearing group and in the girl students than in the boy students. 8. The longer time to watch TV, the higher point of subjective symptoms. The longer distance to watch TV, the lower point of subjective symptoms(p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of ametropia and myopia on health-related quality of life (QoL) measures in elementary schoolers. Methods: Elementary school children of 92 aged 12 to 13 were divided into emmetropia and myopia groups by spherical equivalent. Then myopia was classified into the low, moderate and high myopia groups. Vision-related QoL scores were determined using PedsQL 4.0 (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) with physical health (8 items), emotional functioning (4 items), social functioning (5 items) and school functioning (5 items). Results: The total QoL score in the myopia group appeared lower than that in the emmetropia group, however the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). When it comes to physical health (running or exercising) and social functioning (getting along with friends or being teased)-related questions, the QoL score in myopia was low compared with the emmetropia group (p<0.05). High myopia showed a low score in physical health items but there was no significant difference in overall QoL scores in comparison with other groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Refractive errors does not have a great impact on the total health-related QoL in elementary school children but it causes discomfort in physical health and social functioning.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.121-133
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• 2014

Purpose: In this study, we analyzed the progression and prevalence of myopia according to age for the last five years. Methods: We have done a comparative analysis of the progression and prevalence of myopia with the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey document from 2008 to 2012. Results: According to classification of myopia by age group for the last five years, the prevalence of low myopia was 25.5% for 5-11ages group, 25.1% for 12-18ages, 27.3% for 19-29ages, 30.7% for 30-39ages, 29.6% for 40-49ages, 19.2% for 50-59ages, 11.8% for 60-69ages, and 20.2% for over 70ages respectively. The prevalence of moderate myopia was 21.7% for 5-11ages group, 43.6% for 12-18ages, 36.2% for 19-29ages, 30.0% for 30-39ages, 20.4% for 40-49ages, 9.9% for 50-59ages, 5.2% for 60-69ages, and 7.6% for over 70ages respectively. The prevalence of high myopia was 2.1% for 5-11ages group, 11.7% for 12-18ages, 11.5% for 19-29ages, 6.9% for 30-39ages, 5.6% for 40-49ages, 1.9% for 50-59ages, 1.5% for 60-69ages, and 1.0% for over 70ages respectively. Conclusions: We must recognize an importance to the increase of the progression and prevalence of myopia, so it is necessary to provide a social interest in prevention of deteriorating vision and eye health welfare.