• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.102-107
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• 2014

Because of high oil prices and emission gas problems, many governments tighten regulation of fuel economy and emission gas. For Passenger car, there are many researches for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and they are being manufactured. On the other hand, there are few researches for plug-in hybrid electric bus that is heavy commercial vehicle. In this study, analysis of fuel economy for series plug-in hybrid electric bus according to engine operation strategy based on simulation is conducted. Forward simulator is developed using Autonomie. Engine operation strategies consist on constant engine operation strategy and engine on/off operation strategy. Considering the engine operation strategy, results of vehicle speed, engine operating points and fuel economy are obtained and analyzed. As a result, engine on/off operation strategy has more advantage than constant engine operation strategy in terms of fuel economy.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.312-319
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• 2012

The operation principle of an axial flux-switching hybrid excitation synchronous machine (AFHESM) is analyzed and its topology structures are proposed in this paper. After some comprehensive analysis of the operation principle to axial flux electrical machine, flux-switching electrical machine and hybrid excitation electrical machine, the operation principle of AFHESM is given. Combined with some typical topological structures of hybrid excitation electrical machine, some possible topological structures are proposed and some comprehensive comparisons are carried out. The analysis results show that the stator-separated AFHESM has some advantages such as less AM turns, less impact on the demagnetization of PM, less magnetic flux-leakage and higher efficiency compared to other topologies.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.122-130
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• 2001

In this paper, an operational algorithm for a 2-shaft parallel hybrid electric vehicle is suggested for the minimization of operation cost. The operation cost is obtained as a summation of the engine fuel cost and the motor electricity cost. The electrical cost function is estimated in case of motoring, and generating when the recuperation is carried out during the braking. In addition, weight function is introduced in order to maintain the battery state of charge. Based on the operation algorithm, the optimal engine operation point that minimizes the operation cost is obtained with respect to the required vehicle power for every state of charge of battery. The optimal operation point provides the optimal power distribution of the engine and the motor for a required vehicle power Simulation was performed and the fuel economy of the hybrid vehicle was compared to that of the conventional vehicle. Simulation results showed that hybrid vehicle's fuel economy can be improved as much as 45∼48% compared to the conventional vehicle's.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.317-324
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• 2007

Most conventional hybrid systems using renewable energy sources have been applied for stand-alone operation, but Utility-interface may be an useful and viable option for hybrid systems. Grid-connected operation may have benefits such as reduced losses in power system distribution, utility support in demand side management, and peak load shaving. This paper addresses power control and dynamic performance of a grid-connected PV/wind/BESS hybrid system. At all times the PV way and the wind turbine are individually controlled to generate the maximum energy from given weather conditions. The battery energy storage system (BESS) charges or discharges the battery depending on energy gap between grid invertger generation and production from the PV and wind system. The BESS should be also controlled without too frequently repeated shifts in operation mode, charging or discharging. The grid inverter regulates the generated power injection into the grid. Different control schemes of the grid inverter are presented for different operation modes, which include normal operation, power dispatching, and power smoothing. Simulation results demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed power control schemes for the grid-interactive hybrid system.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.2 no.2 s.6
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• pp.23-27
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• 2006

The power split hybrid powertrain is considered to be one of the most prospective configuration for the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Toyota Prius, representing this type of vehicle, showed outstanding performances in fuel efficiency, emission reduction and acceleration. The excellence is largely due to the fact that it utilizes almost all operation modes of HEV. Those modes include ZEV (Zero Emission Vehicle) driving, idle stop, fuel cut-off, power assist, active charging, regenerative braking and so forth. In this paper, a few of the mode operations were simulated using AVL Cruise. Also, control logics to operate the powertrain in each mode were developed. The states of powertrain components were displayed and analyzed. By controlling the three components (engine, motor and generator), it was possible to run the powertrain in several hybrid operation modes.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.10
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• pp.1817-1822
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• 2011

The fault current has been increasing due to expansive substation facilities for meeting the increase of demand. To limit increasing fault current in a power system, among methods the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has been considered to be adopted in the power grid. However, in case of adopting SFCL in the power system, most of SFCLs need to solve problems such as recovery, cost. With efforts to solve those problems, the novel fault current limiting device which is called hybrid SFCL is developed. To apply the hybrid SFCL, it has to be needed to analyze application possibility and itself operation characteristics. In this paper, the fault current limiting and operation characteristics of hybrid SFCL with first half cycle the limiting operation in case of various resistances of superconducting element were analyzed through experiment.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.547-550
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• 2006

The power split hybrid power train is considered to be one of the most prospective configuration for the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Toyota Prius, representing this type of vehicle, showed outstanding performances in fuel efficiency, emission reduction and acceleration. The excellence is largely due to the fact that it utilizes almost all operation modes of HEV. Those modes include ZEV (Zero Emission Vehicle) driving, idle stop, fuel cut-off, power assist, active charging, regenerative braking and so forth. In this paper, a few of the mode operations were simulated using AVL Cruise. Also, control logics to operate the powertrain in each mode were developed. The states of powertrain components were displayed and analyzed. By controlling the three components (engine, motor and generator), it was possible to run the powertrain in several hybrid operation modes.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1099-1107
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• 2019

A soft switching converter with wide voltage range operation is investigated in this paper. A series resonant converter is implemented to achieve a high circuit efficiency with soft switching characteristics on power switches and rectifier diodes. To improve the weakness of the narrow voltage range in LLC converters, an alternating current (ac) power switch is used on the primary side to select a half-bridge or full-bridge resonant circuit to implement 4:1 voltage range operation. On the secondary-side, another ac power switch is adopted to select a full-wave rectifier or voltage-doubler rectifier to achiever an additional 2:1 output voltage range. Therefore, the proposed resonant converter has the capacity for 8:1 (320V~40V) wide output voltage operation. A single-stage hybrid resonant converter is employed in the study circuit instead of a two-stage dc converter to achiever wide voltage range operation. As a result, the study converter has better converter efficiency. The theoretical analysis and circuit characteristics are verified by experiments with a prototype circuit.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 2011

Due to large demand, the increase of fault current has caused the capacity of power machines in power grid to increase. Among several countermeasures, the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has been noticed as one of the promising countermeasures to solve these problems. However, in spite of excellent current limiting performances of the SFCL, the application of SFCL to power system has been delayed due to both the limited space for the SFCL's installation and its longer recovery time after the fault removal. In order to solve these problems, a hybrid type SFCL was developed. In this paper, we studied the operation characteristics of the hybrid SFCL with first half cycle non-limiting operation by modelling using PSCAD/EMTDC and experiment. It was shown through the simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC and the simulated experiment that the fault current limiting and the fast recovery operations of the hybrid SFCL with the first half cycle non-limiting operation were achieved.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.631-636
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• 2018

This paper proposed an optimal operation strategy for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) with a lithium-ion battery and lead-acid battery for mild hybrid electric vehicles (mild HEVs). The proposed mild HEV system is targeted to mount the electric motor and the battery to a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle. Because the proposed mild HEV includes the motor and energy storage device of small capacity, the system focuses on low system cost and small size. To overcome these limitations, it is necessary to use a lead acid battery which is used for a vehicle. Thus, it is possible to use more energy using HESS with a lithium battery and a lead storage battery. The HESS, which combines the lithium-ion battery and the secondary battery in parallel, can achieve better performance by using the two types of energy storage systems with different characteristics. However, the system requires an operation strategy because accurate and selective control of the batteries for each situation is necessary. In this paper, an optimal operation strategy is proposed considering characteristics of each energy storage system, state-of-charge (SOC), bidirectional converters, the desired output power, and driving conditions in the mild HEV system. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated through several case studies with respect to energy capacity, SOC, battery characteristic, and system efficiency.