• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.236-242
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• 2022

Busan Port is operated separately by a number of terminal operators, resulting in a large number of ITT (Inter-Terminal Transportation) volumes. The occurrence of ITT volume causes various problems such as additional transportation cost, empty truck trips, truck delays and terminal congestion, weakening Busan Port's competitiveness. Among them, the empty truck trip problem is a representative factor, that exacerbates the cost problem of the ITT operation at Busan Port. But the ITT backhaul rate at Busan Port remains low. To strengthen the transhipment competitiveness of Busan Port, it is necessary to increase the ITT backhaul rate. In this paper, to improve ITT backhaul rate, we present a mathematical model for maximizing backhaul transport using buffer space. And we analyzed the improving effects of backhaul transport using buffer space through experiments based on actual operating data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.169-170
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• 2020

Although Busan Port is a world-class transshipment port, it is geographically divided and, despite the continuous increase in transshipment volume, ITT port integrated operation is not being performed, reducing port operation efficiency. In addition, the operation raises the problem of inefficiency in social and economic aspects, along with an increase in the volume of transshipment transport and the resulting increase in transshipment transport costs. This paper deals with the necessity of forming an integrated operation organization to carry out the ITT joint dispatch in the process of improving the ITT efficiency in Busan Port, and the organization structure centering on the transport companies and freight owners performing the Busan Port ITT. We intend to make a proposal for the establishment of an integrated operation organization in the form of a consortium and support plans. In addition, through analysis of implications, the role of the ITT stakeholders in Busan Port and related organizations will be addressed.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.462-465
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• 2005

The ITT Industry's Commercial Advanced Geo-Imager (CAGI) which is a recurrent version of imagers used in the GOES series was selected as the COMS Meteorological Imager (MI). The ITT Imager can conduct some special observation such as the space look, blackbody observation, and star sensing regularly or irregularly for its radiometric quality control. Because the GOES-9 which uses an ITT Imager has become operational over the Western Pacific and Eastern Asia positioned at 155 degrees East, the reception of the GOES-9 data is available in Korea. As a step of preparing the COMS MI operation, we conduct the analysis of the GOES-9 imager raw data and operation procedures and compare them with contents of the ITT Imager's manual.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2020

Introduction : This review aims to introduce an intention-to-treat analysis(ITT) method and demonstrate the importance of rigorous utilization of this method to researchers in Korea. Discussion : ITT analysis includes all data as results in randomized control trials (RCT). Thereby the result of RCT is high validated to adapt in the real-world so that the result should be expected at clinical practice. Therefore, many RCT quality assessment tools include the question of the utilization of ITT analysis in individual trials. However, many researchers omit to report ITT, not utilize ITT or use ITT incorrectly. Conclusion : Through this review, more Korean researchers may understand and utilize ITT which is expected to enhance the quality of RCT papers.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.354-364
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• 2017

This study tries to evaluate the effect of ITT introduction in Busan New Port. The study used the estimation model of the number of vehicles required in accordance with the backhaul rate. The model used big data, COPINO e-document for one year in 2015. COPINO recorded the event such as truck ID, container ID, ATA, damage etc when truck arrived at gate. The study finds important information to estimate the required number of trucks for handling current ITT containers in Busan New Port: Daily throughput in Busan New Port is 1650 vans, especially night throughput recorded peak level in 1800 hours to 2400 hours, the throughput between adjacent terminals recorded high, i.e PNIT to HPNT. The transportation capability for 6 hours between terminals is from 4 vans to 7 vans. The required trucks are estimated 89 currently without considering peak level. If we change the back haul rate from current 20% to 40%, 60% and 80%, how much would the cost drop? It was discovered that, if it is raised to 40%, 60% and 80%, the number of vehicle required will be reduced from 89 (current) to 76, 65 and 59. It was also discovered that the total savings will reduce down to 12%, 25% and 34%.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.71-89
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• 2008

International technology transfer(ITT) or technology trade is a very comprehensive term covering various mechanisms and channels for shifting technologies across borders. Thus, it refers to numerous complex processes, ranging from innovation and international marketing of technology to its absorption and imitation. It includes technology, trade, and investment. Markets for exchanging technologies are inherently subject to failure due to appropriability problems, spillovers, asymmetric information, and market power. Thus, there is strong justification for public intervention. Technology developers are interested in reducing the costs and uncertainty of making transfers, along with protecting their rights to profit from such transfers. On the other hand, technology importers are interested in acquiring knowledge at minimal costs, asking for restricting sharply the exclusive rights of foreign firms to exploit technology. The purpose of this paper is to review the characteristics, risks, legal issues and contractual check points of ITT, focusing on the avoidance of commercial disputes during the very complex processes of ITT.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.131-132
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• 2019

부산항 신항은 2018년도 기준으로 컨테이너 14,559천TEU를 처리하였으며, 환적은 58.89%을 점유하고 연평균 6.41% 증가되고 있다. KMI 2017년도 물동량예측량의 연평균 증가율을 적용하면 부산항 신항의 환적화물량은 2030년에는 12,326천TEU에 이를 것으로 전망된다. 아울러, 환적화물 중에서 타부두 환적물량은 2018년도 기준 26.3%이며 총 신항 물동량대비 15.51%에 이르고 있다. 이러한 증가추세를 고려하면 2030년 타부두 환적물량은 3,080천만 TEU에서 3,600천TEU에 이를 것으로 전망된다. 한편, 타부두 환적물량 증가에 따른 부두간 컨테이너 이송량이 증가되고 있으며, 이러한 화물 증가량은 배후 임항도로의 정체를 초래를 야기시키어 항만 경쟁력을 약화시키는 원인으로 작용된다. 본 연구에서는 부산항 신항에서 타부두 환적을 위한 전용시스템의 도입 평가요소 우선순위에 대하여 터미널 운영사, 선사, 항만공사 및 관련 전문가에 대하여 설문을 실시하여 도출하였다. ITT 도입 평가요소 항목으로서 생산성, 안정성, 투자효율성, 운영효율성, 정책부합성에 대하여 검토하였으며, 각 하위 평가요소로서는 각각 3개씩에 대하여 총 15개의 하위요소에 대하여 평가를 실시하였으며, 이를 통하여 항후 부산 신항의 ITT 도입시 평가 요소로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.535-542
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• 2001

A multiplex PCR technique was developed for detecting specifically each Mycobacterium bovis, M. tuberculosis, M. avium and M. avium subsp, paratuberculosis, respectively, using clinical samples of field cattle. To apply this novel technique to clinical specimens, blood sample was obtained from live cows comprising 11 intradermal tuberculin test (ITT)-positive and 17 ITT-negative and tested by multiplex PCR. Positive results were obtained from 15 cows by the multiplex PCR, showing that 4 (23.5%) of the 17 ITT-negative cows were multiplex PCR positive. The multiplex PCR results also showed that among the 15 positive cows, 7 (46.7%) were infected with M. bovis, 1 (6.7%) with M. tuberculosis and 7 (46.7%) with M. avium. The sensitivity and specificity of multiplex PCR in comparison with those of ITT were 100% and 76.5%. The correlation between the multiplex PCR and ITT assays with blood samples was considered excellent, 85.7% agreement and ${\kappa}=0.72$. The results obtained, using reference mycobacterial strains and typed clinical samples, show that the multiplex PCR method may be a rapid, sensitive, and specific tool for the differential identification of various mycobacterial strains in a single-step assay. Therefore, multiplex PCR assay is a useful tool for early diagnosis of tuberculosis in live cattle and to identify the species or complex of mycobacterium from clinical samples.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.533-545
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• 2016

It is well known that international technology transfer(ITT) is relatively more difficult than the domestic technology transfer because of the difference in interest, technology level, culture and other various macro-environmental conditions. This study aims to derive recommendations for ITT of National Science and Technology Information Service(NTIS) of Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning(MSIP) by conducting case study of ITT in domestic public information systems. The cases are the national agencies that performed successfully in ITT. The cases are Korea Customs Service(KCS)'s customs administration system(UNI-PASS), Public Procurement Service(PPS)'s Korea On-Line E-Procurement System(KONEPS), and Korean Intellectual Property Office(KIPO). After studying on how the cases proceeded ITT, this paper suggests proper preparation strategies in the view point of information marketing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.117-118
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• 2019

부산항만은 년간 천만 TEU 이상의 환적 물돌량을 처리하는 세계 2위 환적항이다. 이러한 환적 물량을 효과적으로 처리하기 위해서는 선사, 운송사, 트럭, 터미널 등 각 이해관계자간 정보의 신속하고 정확한 전달이 중요하나, 현재는 정보전달 방법이 다양하고, 정보 공유가 미흡하여 차량 대기, 정보의 누락, 터미널 혼잡 등 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 부산항만공사는 블록체인 기술을 활용하여 이해관계자 간에 정보를 실시간 공유함으로써 작업 우선순위를 고려한 운송계획 등을 수립할 수 있도록 하여 운송 효율을 높이기 위한 노력을 하고 있다. 본 사례 발표에서는 부산항의 ITT 관련 문제점 및 개선 방안, 향후 계획 등에 대해 논의하고자 한다.