• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of sleep promoting program on sleep and the immune response in the elderly with insomnia. Methods: The study was designed as a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Thirty two elders who suffered from insomnia (16 experimental and 16 control subjects) were selected among the elders who had been enrolled in two churches. The subjects in the experimental group participated in a sleep promoting program which was composed of sleep hygiene education and progressive muscle relaxation for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN. Results: The experimental group showed higher sleep score than that of the control group (t=7.86, p=.00). The experimental group showed higher sleep satisfaction score than that of the control group (t=7.61, p=.00). The sleep promoting program was not effective in enhancing immune response. Conclusion: The sleep promoting program increased the sleep score, sleep-satisfaction score and B cell in immune response of elderly people suffering from insomnia. Therefore, sleep promoting program can be applied as an effective nursing intervention to promote sleep quality and sleep satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.269-280
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• 2009

Purpose: To examine the effect of back massage on immune response, symptom distress, and mood state of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allogeneic HSCT). Methods: Subjects were thirty-seven patients undergoing sibling allogeneic HSCT (including 16 in the experimental group and 21 in the control group). Experimental subjects participated in an intervention group of back massage for 10 minutes, once a day and 5 times a week, from one week prior to the HSCT to the third week after the HSCT or a control group. A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. t-test and Repeated measures ANOVA were used to examine group differences by using SAS. Results: No significant group differences were found in Immune response (CD4+, CD8+,CD19+, CD56+) and symptom distress. The experimental group had significantly less mood state (anxiety, confusion) than the control group. Conclusion: The back massage for the patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT may be effective in altering the anxiety and confusion during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, this study did not provide evidence in improving immune response and symptom distress.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.125-138
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• 1989

In order to investigate the effect of Row ginseng (Ra. G.; from $K{\acute{u}}msan$ province, Korea), White ginseng (W.G.; from $K{\acute{u}}msan$ province, Korea), and Red ginseng (Re. G.; form $K{\acute{u}}msan$ province, Korea) on immune response, the author used ICR mice having a body weight of about 20g as experimental animals dividing them into four groups-Saline, Ra. G, W.G., Re. G group. Delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) and rosette forming cells(RFC) for cell-mediated immune response, hemagglutinin(HA) titers, hemolysin (HL) titers for humoral immune response were measured at 24 hours after challenge, The results were summarized as follows: 1) DTH was increased in all of the treated group as compared with the Saline group, with statistical significance(W.G.> Re. G. > Ra. G.). 2) RFC was increased in all of the treated group as compared with the Saline group, with statistical significance(W.G. > Re. G. > Ra. G.). 3) HA titer was increased in all of the treated group as compared with the Saline group, with statistical significance (Re. G.> W. G.> Ra. G.). 4) HL titer was increased in all of the treated group as compared with the Saline group, with statistical significance (Re. G. > W. G.> Ra. G.). Through the experimental study in ICR mice, these findings suggest that Raw ginseng, White ginseng and Red ginseng enhance both cell-mediated and humoral immune response with statistical significance.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.189-209
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• 2007

Objectives : In order to study the effect of Dangkwiyughwangtang and Okbyoungpoongsangamibang on the immune response induced by methotrexate in mice. Method : Delayed type of hypersensitivity, hemagglutinin titer, hemolysin titer, rosette forming cells, phagocytic activity for immune response, lymphocyte transformation, and productivity of Interleukin-2 were measured. Results : Body weight decreasing was significantly inhibited as compared with control group in both the Dangkwiyughwangtang and Okbyoungpoongsangamibang groups. Delayed type of hypersensitivity was significantly increased as compared with control group in both groups Hemagglutinin titer was significantly increased as compared with control group in both groups. Hemolysin titer was significantly increased as compared with control group in the Okbyoungpoongsangamibang group. Rosette forming cells were significantly increased as compared with control group in both groups. Phagocytic activity for immune response was slightly decreased in the Dangkwiyughwangtang group and slightly increased in the Okbyoungpoongsangamibang group insignificantly as compared with the control group. Lymphocyte transformation was significantly increased as compared with the control group in both the Dangkwiyughwangtang and Okbyoungpoongsangamibang groups. Productivity of Interleukin-2 was significantly increased as compared with the control group in both the Dangkwiyughwangtang and Okbyoungpoongsangamibang groups. Conclusion : Both the Dangkwiyughwangtang and Okbyoungpoongsangamibang groups enhance immunity in mice.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.384-391
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• 2021

The recent appearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people around the world and caused a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has been suggested that uncontrolled, exaggerated inflammation contributes to the adverse outcomes of COVID-19. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the innate immune response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the hyperinflammation that contributes to disease severity and death. We also discuss the immunological determinants behind COVID-19 severity and propose a rationale for the underlying mechanisms.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.206-214
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• 2018

Background: Immune responses appear to be affected by anesthetics and analgesics. We investigated the effects of caudal tramadol on the postoperative immune response and pain management in pediatric patients. Methods: Sixty ASA-I pediatric patients aged 3-10 years undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Patients were randomly assigned either to a caudal bupivacaine (0.25%) group (group B), or a group that received caudal tramadol (1 mg/kg) added to the bupivacaine (0.25%) (group T). Both were diluted in a 0.9% NaCl solution to a total volume of 1ml/ kg. The systemic immune response was measured by collecting blood samples preoperatively, at the end of anesthesia, and at 24 and 72 hours postoperatively, and studied for interleukin IL-6, C-reactive proteins (CRP) cortisol levels, and leucocytes with its differential count. Postoperative pain was assessed along with sedation scales. Results: Postoperative production of IL-6 was significantly higher in group B at the end of anesthesia, than at the $24^{th}$ hour, and at the $72^{nd}$ hour in group B and group T, respectively. The immune response showed leukocytosis with increased percentages of neutrophil and monocytes, and a decreased lymphocyte response rate within both groups with no significant differences between the groups. Cortisol and CRP were significantly higher in group B. Conclusions: Adding tramadol to a caudal bupivacaine block can attenuate the pro-inflammatory cytokine response, Cortisol, and CRP in children undergoing lower abdominal surgery.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1_2
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• pp.9-19
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• 1988

The effect of rancid perilla oil on the immune response in mice was studied. ICR male mice were divided into 5 groups and were fed on the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cell. Immune responses were evaluated by antibody production, Arthus reaction, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), Rosette forming cell and macrophage activity. Biochemical items were measured by serum protein and serum albumin. The weight of spleen, thymus and liver were measured. The rancid perilla oil diets decreased humoral and cellular immune responses, the number of peripheral circulating white blood cells and total protein and serum albumin. These results showed that the high rancid perilla oil diet decreased more humoral and cellular immune response, the number of peripheral circulating white blood cells, and total protein and serum albumin than the low rancid perilla oil diet did.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.472-476
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• 2002

Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) serves as a good model of cell-mediated reaction. Epidermal langerhans cell (LC) are thought to playa crucial role in the regulation of immune reaction of the skin, which elicit the CHS response by presenting Antigen to trafficking Ag-specific T cells within the skin. However, contact hypersensitivity is regarded as a negative side of immunities, caused by increased damaging immune response. Therefore, the study of effector molecule causing immune suppression is thought to be meaningful in the skin immune response. For this aim, this study investigated the influence of pedunculagin on cytokine, IL-$\beta$ expression from langerhans cell (LC). In vitro and in vivo, pedunculagin up-regulated the expression of IL-1$\beta$ mRNA. After PMA stimulation in vitro and DNFB sensitization in vivo, the expression of IL-1$\beta$ mRNA was down-regulated. This results suggested that pedunculagin could be immuno-modulator in skin immune system by modulating IL-1$\beta$ expression.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1_2
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• pp.67-73
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• 1989

Recently pathotoxicological study of lymphoid organs by administration of some phthalate ester in rats, indicated marked effect of architechure of thymus, spleen, and lymphonodes. Dioctyl phthalate (DOP), one of the phthalate ester, caused statistically significant reduction in the weights of various lymphoid organs. This senstivity of the lymphoid organ to phthalate toxicity which could lead to adverse effects on the immune response and also suppression of immune system. Therfore it is possible the presense of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the phthalate ester as well as DOP, in spleen and other organs might have some moderately effect on the function of the immune system, So our present study was proceeded to assess the effect of DEHP on the immunotoxicity in mouse. In the immune response of DEHP administered mice, HA, HY, Arthus reaction and Rosette forming cell were decreased but DTH was increased. Furthermore, in the DEHP plus ethanol group, HA, HY, Arthus reaction and Rosette forming cell were remarkably decreased and elevation of DTH was inhibited.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 2008

Caspase-11 has been known as a dual regulator of cytokine maturation and apoptosis. Although the role of caspase-11 under pathological conditions has been well documented, its physiological role has not been studied much. In the present study, we investigated a possible physiological function of caspase-11 during immune response. In the absence of caspase-11, immunized spleen displayed increased cellularity and abnormal germinal center structure with disrupted microarchitecture. The rate of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the immunized spleen was not changed in the caspase-11-deficient mice. Furthermore, the caspase-11-deficient peritoneal macrophages showed normal phagocytotic activity. However, caspase-11-/-splenocytes and macrophages showed defective migrating capacity. The dysregulation of cell migration did not seem to be mediated by caspase-3, interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ or interleukin-$1{\beta}$ which acts downstream of caspase-11. These results suggest that a direct regulation of immune cell migration by caspase-11 is critical for the formation of germinal center microarchitecture during immune response. However, humoral immunity in the caspase-11-deficient mice was normal, suggesting the formation of germinal center structure is not essential for the affinity maturation of the antibodies.