• Title/Summary/Keyword: Implicit attitude

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Does the Daily Contact with Older People Alleviate the Implicit and Explicit Ageist Attitude of Children? (노인과의 일상적 접촉이 노인에 대한 어린이의 명시적·암묵적 태도에 미치는 영향)

  • Seok, Minae;Han, Gyoung-hae
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.409-433
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of contact with the elderly in a daily life on children's ageist attitude. Acknowledging the people's tendency to report in socially appropriate ways to the explicit attitude measurement, implicit measurement is introduced, and relation with the daily contact with elderly(DCE) is analyzed. The research question are as follows: 1) Are these two attitudes explained by different factors? 2) Can DCE alleviate both children's implicit and explicit ageist attitude? 3) How do the contact with grandparent and neighboring elderly affect the children's explicit and implicit ageist attitude? Data was collected from 503 fourth to sixth grade elementary school children. Child-Age Implict Association Test is used to measure implicit ageist attitude. Multinominal logistic analysis and ordered logistic analysis was applied. Followings are the main results: First, explicit and implicit ageist attitudes are found to be related with different predictors. Second, Elderly contact seems to lighten children's ageist attitude overall. Third, the effects of grandparental contact and the neighboring elderly contact on two different ageism were different. While the effect of elderly neighbor contact is limited to the expression of ageism, grandparental contact has a influence not only on the explicit but also on the implicit ageism, even though the effect on implicit attitude is limited in extent. Forth, not the quality of contact but the quantity of it was related to implicit ageist attitude. This result contradicts conventional idea of Intergroup Contact Theory. In the further research, the predictor of implicit ageist attitude need to be throughly examined.

A Study of the Gender-Biased Attitudes of Korean Middle School Students toward Home Economics as a Subject: Implementing the Implicit Association Test (암묵적 태도검사(Implicit Association Test, IAT)를 이용한 남녀 중학생의 가정교과에 대한 성편향성 태도 연구)

  • Kim, Eun Jeung;Lee, Yoon-Jung;Kim, Jisun
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.57 no.4
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    • pp.459-472
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to develop an Implicit Association Test to measure students' gender-biased attitude toward Home Economics, a required subject in middle-school and to examine the effects of gender, gender-biased attitude toward Home Economics, and gender egalitarianism on the perception of the subject. A total of 508 male and female middle-school students were surveyed using Qualtrics. The results revealed that the students had a gender-biased attitude of perceiving Home Economics as feminine as a whole, and this tendency was more evident among female than male students. To the contrary, their attitudes toward Home Economics as a subject was generally favorable when asked explicitly using self-administered questions. Among the high school elective classes, students preferred 'fashion' most, followed by 'dietary life', 'technology and home economics', and 'family life culture'. Female students, students with patriarchal attitude, and students who has gender-biased attitude toward Home Economics were more likely to perceive Home Economics as an alienated and less important subject. The generally positive explicit attitude toward Home Economics may be the results the social desirability effect due to the education. However, the home economists should develop a plan to overcome the gender-biased implicit attitude in order for the value of Home Economics as a subject to be fully addressed.

The development of explicit and implicit race attitudes in Korean elementary students and race attitude change in the multi-cultural age (다문화시대 한국 초등학생의 인종에 대한 명시적 및 암묵적 태도발달과 태도변화)

  • Kyung Ran Row;Hee Jeong Bang
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.49-79
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    • 2009
  • This study examined how the explicit and implicit race attitudes differ according to age and gender from the developmental perspective in Korean elementary students. The study also investigated the efficacy of a multi-cultural education program on explicit and implicit attitude change in elementary school students. This thesis consists of two parts. In Study 1, elementary school students(first grade:117, fourth grade:117) completed Explicit Attitudes Rating Scales, Explicit Preference Test, and Child Implicit Association Tests (Korean-White/Korean-Black/ Korean-Southeast Asian IATs). The effects of age and gender on explicit and implicit attitudes toward Korean/White/Black/Southeast Asian were examined with two-way MANOVA. The results demonstrated that as age increases, in-group preference/out-group bias decrease on the explicit level. In contrast, on the implicit level, as age increases, in-group preference/out-group bias do not decrease. Rather, prejudiced attitudes toward blacks increase. Study 2 was performed to investigate the effect of a multi-cultural education program on explicit and implicit attitude change toward races in elementary school students. The program conveying an anti-bias message consists of three sessions, and the procedures are as follows; watching video clips, confirming contents and short discussion. Two classes in the program and two classes in comparative groups on the first and fourth grade of elementary school were assessed. The results showed that black preference significantly increased both in the first and the fourth grade elementary students on the explicit attitude level, but not on the implicit level. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.

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The Differences of Explicit and Implicit Attitudes toward Older People in College Students and Older People (노인에 대한 명시적 및 암묵적 태도: 대학생 및 노인을 중심으로)

  • Hyun-Ji Lee;Hee-Jeong Bang
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.191-213
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of the explicit and implicit attitudes towards the elderly according to age and gender. For this research, 64 college students and 64 older people completed Explicit Attitudes Rating Scales (likability/ trustfulness/ companionship/ group membership), Explicit Preference Test, and Young-Old Implicit Association Test. The college students presented in-group preference and out-group bias on both explicit and implicit level whereas our-group favoritism was presented in the older participants on both explicit and implicit level, which meant the older participants preferred the young to the old. In both the groups, however, there were no significant correlations between explicit and implicit age attitude. In addition, college students showed an explicit preference for the old over the older participants whereas only interaction effect(age and gender) was appeared on implicit preference toward older people. The theoretical and practical implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

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Investigation about the Context in which the Effects of Entertainment-education Program May Reduce -Focused on Persuasion Knowledge and Pre-attitude (교육적 오락물의 설득효과 감소요인에 대한 탐색적 연구 -설득지식과 사전태도의 영향을 중심으로)

  • Kim, In-Sung;Lee, Seung-Jo
    • Korean journal of communication and information
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    • v.69
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    • pp.7-29
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this research is to examine the impacts of persuasion knowledge and pre-attitude on responses to a persuasive entertainment education program. Persuasion knowledge model was adopted as the theoretical frame and information about the sensational identity of entertainment program was used to activate audience's persuasion knowledge(i.e. resistance). Pre-attitude was measured by the degree of concern about the persuasion topic. The experiment was designed by persuasion knowledge(2) ${\times}$ pre-attitude(2) and participants were randomly assigned in one of the conditions and rated their attitude for the persuasion topic. The implicit measure for attitude was included in addition to the explicit measures in order to reveal unconscious attitudinal changes. The results showed that the allegedly effective entertainment-education can confront the resistance of the audience in some contexts. A significant interaction of knowledge ${\times}$ pre-attitude was found in the result of the implicit attitude. The individuals with high concern about the persuasion topic, compared to those with low concern, were more influenced by the entertainment program and also persuasion knowledge. The interaction was not significant on the explicit attitude, which may present the usefulness of the implicit measure in entertainment-education research.

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Explicit and Implicit Attitudes Toward Homosexuals (동성애자에 대한 외현적 및 암묵적 태도)

  • Lee Hyun Yoon ;Min Hee Yoo ;Jae Hee Ryu ;Sun W. Park
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.343-362
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    • 2016
  • Despite recent social movements to protect homosexuals' rights in Korea, psychological research investigating attitudes toward homosexuals has been largely ignored. The present study examined Koreans' explicit and implicit attitudes toward homosexuals and how openness is related to them. College students (N = 56) responded to questionnaires assessing explicit attitudes toward homosexuals and openness, one of the five factors of personality. They then took an Implicit Association Test designed to assess implicit attitudes toward homosexuals. We found that participants in general had more negative explicit attitudes toward gay men than lesbians. Implicit prejudice against gay men was also higher than lesbians. There was no participant sex difference in implicit attitudes toward gay men. However, male participants had more negative implicit attitudes toward lesbians than female participants did; in fact, females' implicit attitudes toward lesbians were not biased. While openness was negatively related only to explicit prejudice, values, one of the facets of openness, was negatively related to both explicit and implicit prejudice. This was the first study in Korea that investigated both explicit and implicit attitudes toward gay men and lesbians.

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The Implicit Representation of the May 18 Gwangju Democratic Movement (광주·전남 출신 대학생이 5·18민주화운동에 대해 지니는 암묵적 표상)

  • Jaechang Bae
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.497-525
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    • 2017
  • This study verified whether university students of Gwangju and Jeollanam-do recall negative information like violence and death faster than positive information like democratic community about the May 18 Gwangju democratic movement in implicit dimension. University students of Gwangju responded faster when the May 18 combined with the pictures of negative content. However, university students of Jeollanam-do responded marginally faster when the May 18 combined with the pictures of positive content. In addition, the students performed implicit evaluation test towards the May 18. The students of Gwangju showed a slightly negative attitude towards the May 18, while the students of Jeollanam-do showed a positive attitude towards the May 18. This study acquires significance because it confirmed that university students of Gwangju have an implicit representation similar to trauma and a terrible feeling about the May 18.

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes of Korean Children towards Older Adults (한국 어린이의 노인에 대한 태도: 명시적 태도와 암묵적 태도 차이를 중심으로)

  • Han, Gyoung-hae;Seok, Minae;MaloneBeach, E.E.
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.475-496
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    • 2017
  • Increasing evidence shows that ageist attitudes towards older adults develop quite early in childhood in Western culture, yet, empirical research on this topic in Korea is lacking. It has been argued that as Korea has become more youth oriented, negative views of aging have emerged and Korean children are increasingly exposured to negative stereotypes of older adults. Nuclearization of family structure and consequent reduction of intergenerational interaction is considered to be another important factor. The purpose of this study is to find out whether Korean children have ageist attitudes. Acknowledging the possibility that children tend to report in socially appropriate ways to the explicit measures of ageism, we included implicit measures of ageism. Data was collected from 570 fourth to sixth grade elementary school children selected by quota sampling. The current study used Child-Age Implicit Association Test and two other explicit measurements. The original versions were modified to be culturally applicable to the Korean context. Results indicated that when measured explicitly, children do not report preferring younger person than older person. However when measured implicitly, it was found that children at this young age already reveal negative biases toward the elderly. Contrast to the fact that the level of explicit ageism is significantly different by demographic characteristics of children, no statistical difference in the level of implicit ageism is detected. Based on the results, implications are discussed.

The Prejudice against Kopino Mothers: A Cross-cultural Study of Korea and Philippines (필리핀 코피노 어머니에 대한 편견: 한국과 필리핀의 비교문화연구)

  • Jaechang Bae
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.337-364
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    • 2018
  • Abortion is prohibited in the Philippines by the law of Christianity. Korean fathers wanted abortions when Filipino mothers were pregnant with their babies (Kopino). However, Filipino mothers had to give birth to the Kopino babies. Therefore, Kopino mothers bring up their babies alone. This study tried to measure and compare what Korean and Filipino evaluate towards Kopino mothers explicitly or implicitly. In addition, this study examined how their attitudes towards Kopino mothers change when the Christianity was primed. As a result of this study, Filipino participants, both explicitly and implicitly, liked more about Kopino mothers than Korean participants. Also, Korean participants showed a little positive explicit attitude and implicit attitude towards Kopino mothers. However, Korean males answered that they liked Kopino mothers at the explicit scale, but they had a negative attitude against Kopino mothers at the implicit level. After activating the Christianity by priming, Filipino participants showed a significant increase of positive attitude towards Kopino mothers at the implicit level. On the other hand, Korean participants remained unaffected. Hence, the priming effect of Christianity varied by country. This study confirmed that Korean females didn't have prejudice against Kopino mothers like Filipino but Korean males had prejudice against them.

The Effect of Exposure to Misogynistic Words on Explicit and Implicit Attitudes toward Women (여성혐오 단어에 대한 노출이 명시적, 암묵적 여성혐오 태도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Min Young;Park, Joowon;Heo, Sumin;Kwon, Ji Hye
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.283-301
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    • 2020
  • In Korean society, words related to misogyny are being created and spread out in the Internet communities and the Internet news posts comments. This study was conducted to investigate if exposure to misogynistic words affects misogynistic attitudes toward women. Study 1 examined the relationship between exposure of misogynistic words (the number of misogynistic words known and the level of Internet comments viewed) and explicit misogynistic attitudes. As a result, the greater the exposure of misogynistic words, the less explicit misogynistic attitudes were found among men. The result can be explained as a desensitization of stimuli caused by repetitive exposure to media. In Study 2, experiments were conducted to manipulate the exposure of misogynistic words and to identify the relationship between implicit misogynistic attitudes through implicit association tests. Results of analysis show that implicit misogyny attitude is stronger as male participants are exposed to misogynistic words. The finding of this study suggests that explicit and implicit attitudes toward misogyny can diverge. It also implies that the exposure to misogynistic words can affect men's and women's attitudes in a different manner.