• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1296-1304
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• 2013

This study performed an analysis on power demand reduction effects exhibited by demand response programs, which are advanced from traditional demand-side management programs, in the smart grid environment. The target demand response systems for the analysis included incentive-based load control systems (2 month-ahead demand control system, 1~5 days ahead demand control system, and demand bidding system), which are currently implemented in Korea, and price-based demand response systems (mainly critical peak pricing system or real-time pricing system, currently not implemented, but representative demand response systems). Firstly, the status of the above systems at home and abroad was briefly examined. Next, energy saving effects and peak demand reduction effects of implementing the critical peak or real-time pricing systems, which are price-based demand response systems, and the existing incentive-based load control systems were estimated.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.536-542
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• 2010

This paper presents an unique approach to scheme a demand response (DR) program in the electricity market from a customer-oriented perspective, which is based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The proposed program has the objective to maintain the system reliability at the emergency period, and it is designed as an incentive-based program (IBP) considering Korea power systems with the cost-based generation pool (CBP). The DR program using AHP could represent the mutual importance degrees of load curtailment criteria from the viewpoint of different load-holders, thus customers' participation in this program is determined by the incentive payments corresponding the specific load curtailment conditions. A test system for the case study is used to demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of the proposed approach, and the load profiles with the proposed DR program and the required incentive payments are obtained. The results show not only the enhancement of system reliability but also the economic benefit within Pareto-improvement.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.99-127
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• 2007

시간대별 차등요금제(Time-based Pricing)를 포함하여 전력시장에 존재하는 다양한 수요반응(Demand Response) 제도를 개발하고 이를 활성화하기 위한 정책적 수단들이 해외 선진국 전력시장을 중심으로 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 미국의 경우, 2005년 발효된 에너지법에 의하여 이러한 수요반응의 활성화가 준비되고 있으며, 이에 따라 미국의 각 주에서는 신뢰할 수 있고 활용 가능한 수요반응 서비스를 소비자에게 제공하기 위한 다각적인 노력을 시행하고 있다. 즉, 실시간 요금제도(Real-Time Pricing)와 지역별 요금제도(Locational Pricing)의 도입을 통해 시간과 공간에 따른 차등 요금제를 채택하고 있으며, 다양한 인센티브기반 수요반응(Incentive-based DR) 프로그램에 기초하여 기존의 공급자 위주의 수요관리 프로그램들이 시장 친화적 프로그램인 수요반응 프로그램으로 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 우리나라 전력시장에서도 1970년대 이후로 현재까지 다양한 수요관리사업들이 시행되어 오고 있으나, 해외 전력시장의 사례와 같이, 소비자 중심적이고 시장 친화적인 수요자원 활용으로의 전환이 체계적으로 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 수요반응자원을 전력시장에 도입했을 때 발생할 수 있는 다양한 이익(전력시장 효율 증진 효과, 공급비용 회피 효과, 현물시장 가격감소 효과 등)에 대한 정량적이고 이론적인 분석을 수행하였으며, 이를 통해 수요반응제도 도입의 사회경제적 이익을 계량화하기 위한 방법을 제시하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권8호
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• pp.1342-1348
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• 2008

One important objective of the electricity market is to decrease the price by ensuring stability in the market operation. Interconnected to this is another objective; namely, to realize sustainable consumption of electricity by equitably distributing the effects and benefits of participating in the market among all participants of the industry. One method that can help achieve these objectives is the ^{(R)}$demand-response program, - which allows for active adjustment of the loadage from the demand side in response to the price. The demand-response program requires a customer baseline load (CBL), a criterion of calculating the success of decreases in demand. This study was conducted in order to calculate undistorted CBL by analyzing the correlations between such external or seasonal factors as temperature, humidity, and discomfort indices and the amounts of electricity consumed. The method and findings of this study are accordingly explicated.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.589_590
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• 2009

This paper presents a unique approach to scheme a demand response (DR) program in the electricity market from a customer-oriented perspective, which is based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The proposed program is designed as an incentive-based program (IBP) considering Korea power systems with the cost-based generation pool (CBP). And the proposed DR program has the objective to maximize social welfare corresponding customers‘ participation and the constraints including incentive payments, the specific load curtailment conditions and reserve-margin criterion. A test system for the case study is used to demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of the proposed approach, and the load profiles with the proposed DR program are obtained. The results show not only the revenue attributable to the avoided costs but also enhancement of system reliability.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2015

Because of the burgeoning demand of the energy, the countries are finding sustainable solutions for these emerging challenges. Demand Side Management is playing a significant role in managing the demand with an aim to support the electrical grid during the peak hours. However, advancement in controls and communication technologies, the aggregators are appearing as a third party entity in implementing demand response program. In this paper, a detailed mathematical framework is discussed in which the aggregator acts as an energy service provider between the utility and the consumers, and facilitate the consumers to actively participate in demand side management by introducing the new concept of demand reduction bidding (DRB) under constrained direct load control. Paper also presented an algorithm for the proposed framework and demonstrated the efficacy of the algorithm by considering few case studies and concluded with simulation results and discussions.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2009

In this study firstly we survey the calculation method and the characteristics of the way of estimating CBL(Customer BaseLine Load) that is important calculation tool for DRP internationally. Also we analyze the power consumption pattern using the 15 minutes load profiles of about 120,000 customers in domestic. Based on this pattern, we provide the CBL calculation method that can be utilized in DRP to save the cost, and analyze the accuracy of the CBL calculation proposed in this paper through the simulation.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2012

In the study, an XML based platform is presented for LED dimming control. The XML platform is designed in an open architecture, providing with interoperability and scalability. Also, it enables the accommodation of off-the-shelf wired and wireless communication protocols and make it fast and easy to implement various application programs for LED dimming, comparing to the legacy platforms. In the study, a test best has been built for demonstration of the merits of the XML platform with dimming control by responding to the scenario of demand response event. Benefit calculation of the power saving and incentive from demand response shows the applicability and usefulness of the XML platform.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 현 직접부하제어사업의 실태 및 문제점을 도출하고 국내 실정에 맞는 직접부하제어 활용 및 개선을 위하여 직접부하제어 사업 계약자를 대상으로 제도 개선사항, 지원금액 개선사항 및 제도 실시 등에 대한 설문조사를 하였다. 대표적으로 개선되어야 할 방안으로는 직접부하제어사업 참여 업체 증가를 위하여 기본지원금 및 제어지원금의 검토 방안과 소비자의 의견을 반영한 수요측 입찰 실시 방안이 필요하며, 시장운영과 계통운영에 있어서 페널티, 차단시간, 차단 횟수, 통보시간, 계약기간 등에 대한 기준을 정립할 필요가 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2220-2226
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• 2018

Electric vehicles (EVs) are significant resources for demand response (DR). Thus, it is essential for EV aggregators to quantitatively evaluate their capability for DR. In this paper, a concept of dynamic equivalent battery (DEB) is proposed as a metric for evaluating the DR performance using EVs. The DEB is the available virtual battery for DR. The capacity of DEB is determined from stochastic calculation while satisfying the charging requirements of each EV, and it varies also with time. Further, a new indicator based on the DEB and time-varying electricity prices, named as value of DEB (VoDEB), is introduced to quantify the value of DEB coupled with the electricity prices. The effectiveness of the DEB and the VoDEB as metrics for the DR performance of EVs is verified with the simulations, where the difference of charging cost reduction between direct charging and optimized bidding methods is used to express the DR performance. The simulation results show that the proposed metrics accord well with the DR performance of an EV fleet. Thus, an EV aggregator may utilize the proposed concepts of DEB and VoDEB for designing an incentive scheme to EV users, who participate in a DR program.