• 제목/요약/키워드: Inorganic Nutrient

검색결과 368건 처리시간 0.031초

Multi-component kinetics for the growth of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803

  • Kim, Hyun-Woo;Park, Seongjun;Rittmann, Bruce E.
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.347-355
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    • 2015
  • The growth kinetics of phototrophic microorganisms can be controlled by the light irradiance, the concentration of an inorganic nutrient, or both. A multi-component kinetic model is proposed and tested in novel batch experiments that allow the kinetic parameters for each factor to be estimated independently. For the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, the estimated parameters are maximum specific growth rate $({\mu}_{max})=2.8/d$, half-maximum-rate light irradiance $(K_L)=11W/m^2$, half-inhibition-rate light irradiance $(K_{L,I})=39W/m^2$, and half-maximum-rate concentration for inorganic carbon $(K_{S,Ci})=0.5mgC/L$, half-maximum-rate concentration for inorganic nitrogen $(K_{S,Ni})=1.4mgN/L$, and half-maximum-rate concentration for inorganic phosphorus $(K_{S,Pi})=0.06mgP/L$. Compared to other phototrophs having ${\mu}max$ estimates, PCC6803 is a fast-growing r-strategist relying on reaction rate. Its half-maximum-rate and half-inhibition rate values identify the ranges of light irradiance and nutrient concentrations that PCC6803 needs to achieve a high specific growth rate to be a sustainable bioenergy source. To gain the advantages of its high maximum specific growth rate, PCC6803 needs to have moderate light illumination ($7-62W/m^2$ for ${\mu}_{syn}{\geq}1/d$) and relatively high nutrient concentrations: $N_i{\geq}2.3 mgN/L$, $P_i{\geq}0.1mgP/L$, and $C_i{\geq}1.0mgC/L$.

Characteristics of inorganic nutrient absorption of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants grown under drought condition

  • Bak, Gyeryeong;Lee, Gyejun;Kim, Taeyoung;Lee, Yonggyu;Kim, Juil;Ji, Samnyeo
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.181-181
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    • 2017
  • Global warming and climate change have been one of the most important problems last 2 decades. Global warming is known to cause abnormal climate and influence ecology, food production and human health. According to climate change model global warming is causing expansion of drought and increase of evaporation. Therefore, securing water in agriculture has been an important issue for crop cultivation. As potato is susceptible to drought, water shortage generally results in decrease of yield and decrease of biomass. In this research, we investigated characteristics of inorganic nutrient absorption and growth of plants grown under drought condition. Plants were sampled in sites of Cheong-ju and Gangneung, where the severity of drought stress were different. During the growth period in Gangneung, total rainfall in 2016 decreased by 50% compared with those in last 5 years average. Especially, there was almost no rain in tuber enlargement period (from mid-May to mid-June). On the other hand, the total rainfall in of Cheong-ju was is similar to those in last 5 years average. Inorganic components including K, Ca and Mg and plant growth factors such as plant length, stem length, leaf area index and plant biomass were investigated. Tuber yields in both areas were investigated at harvest. Growth period of plants was is longer in Cheong-ju than that in Gangneung. Contents of all inorganic components were higher in plants grown in Cheong-ju than in Gangneung. The results were attributed to higher production of plant biomass in Cheong-ju. Considering the results, severe drought stress conditions in Gangneung accelerated plant aging and resulted in low plant growth. Although total yield was greatly reduced under drought stress the rate of commercial yield was is not significantly different with non-drought conditions.

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인공광 식물공장에서 수경배양액 및 광질 조절이 상추 실생묘 생장에 미치는 영향 (Hydroponic Nutrient Solution and Light Quality Influence on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Growth from the Artificial Light Type of Plant Factory System)

  • 허정욱;박경훈;홍승길;이재수;백정현
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.225-236
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    • 2019
  • 인공광 식물공장에서는 작물을 생산하기 위하여 일반적으로 화학비료 유래 무기성분을 포함하는 배양액을 시용하여 수경재배한다. 본 연구에서는 광질이 상이한 식물공장에서 관행의 무기배양액 일부 또는 전량을 유기배양액으로 대체할 수 있는 폐기 농업부산물 유래 유기배양액을 시용하여 수경재배하고 작물의 생장에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 청색, 적색 및 백색 LED를 1:2:1의 비율로 혼합한 혼합LED 및 관행의 형광등 조사 조건에서 적치마와 청치마 상추 실생묘를 35일간 수경재배한 결과, 적치마와 청치마 상추의 생체중 및 전개엽수 증가는 형광등을 조사한 Y구에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 유·무기 혼합배양액 처리구인 YK 및 YTJ에서는 오히려 혼합LED 조사구에서 증가하였다. 유기배양액 단용 또는 유·무기 혼합배양액 처리시 엽내 SPAD치는 두 실생묘 모두 Y구와 유사하거나 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 관행의 무기배양액인 Y구에서 배양액내 구성성분 중 가장 많은 양을 차지하고 있는 무기성분인 NO3-N은 재배 개시일에 약 97 mg/L으로, 적치마와 청치마 상추 실생묘에서 모두 재배기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 적치마의 경우 재배종료시 각 처리구별 NO3-N 농도는 형광등 조사시 약 29 mg/L, 혼합LED 조사시 24 mg/L였으며, 청치마의 경우 형광등 조사시 약 26 mg/L, 혼합LED 조사시 47 mg/L로, 초기 투입량 대비 25~48% 정도의 양이 재배종료시까지 흡수되지 않고 남아 있었다. 재배개시일 NH3-N 농도는 Y구3-N 잔여량은 약 13%로 최대값을 나타내었다. 관행의 무기배양액내 질산태질소는 작물체에 흡수되어 생체중, 엽수 증가와 같은 지상부 생장을 좌우하는 주요 성분이지만 재배종료시까지 전량이 흡수되지 않고 남아 있는 것으로 보아 상추 수경재배시 배양액내 질산태질소의 초기 투입량을 조절할 필요성이 대두되었다. 연구결과 농업부산물 유래 유기배양액을 활용하여 적치마와 청치마 상추를 수경재배할 경우 유기배양액 단용보다 유·무기 혼합배양액 시용으로 유기배양액내 부족한 질소 성분을 무기질소로 보충할 수 있어 무기성분 사용량 저감이 기대된다. 또한 상추 실생묘의 양적생장 추이와 달리 엽내 색소합성이 관행 무기배양액보다 특정 유기배양액 단용 또는 혼용에 의해 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 보아 작물체내 물질합성량, 유기배양액 사용기간 및 재이용 등 유기배양액의 화학적 특성 변화에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

해안염습지 갈대 군락의 무기영양소 순환과 분배 (Distribution and Cyclings of Nutrients in Phragmites communis Communities of a Coastal Salt Marsh)

  • 민병미
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.17-32
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    • 1983
  • The aboveground production, nutrient distribution and nutrient cyclings were compared between two Phragmites communis communities growing in the different salt contents of soil in a coastal salt marsh. Inorganic nutrient contents of soil for plant growth were greater at the low salt stand than at the high salt stand except for sodium(Na). Maximum aboveground biomass of the plant at the low and the high salt stands were 2,533 and 1,719 g dw/$m^2$, respectively, in August. Seasonal changes of nutrient content of biomass in dry weight decreased with growth except for Na. Nutrient contents in biomass per unit land area increased continuously as biomass increases, although the amount of potassium(K) reached the maximum content in July and thereafter decreased. Vertical distributions of total nitrogen(T-N) and phosphorus(P) increased with plant height, but Na showed the reverse trend. That of K was similar to the patterns for T-N and P in the leaves, and to the pattern of Na in the stems. The Na was greatly accumulated in underground biomass but transported scarcely to aboveground. At the low and the high salt stands, the ratios of the inorganic nutrients contained in the plant were 100 : 66 for T-N, 100 : 61 for P, 100 : 62 for K and 100 : 97 for Na. the ratios of the amounts of nutrients retrieved to soil were 100 : 242 for T-N, 100 : 408 for P, 100 : 127 for K and 100 : 269 for Na, respectively. Turnover times of the T-N, P, K and Na in the communities were 56, 1, 15 and 174 years at the low salt stand, and 75, 2, 24 and 323 years at the high salt stand, respectively. In nutrient cyclings, all of the nutrients retrieving to soil were less than uptake by plant. Among the nutrient, especially P is expected to be exhausted from soil, sooner or later, because of the harvest by men.

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Effects of thinning intensity on nutrient concentration and enzyme activity in Larix kaempferi forest soils

  • Kim, Seongjun;Han, Seung Hyun;Li, Guanlin;Yoon, Tae Kyung;Lee, Sang-Tae;Kim, Choonsig;Son, Yowhan
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.5-11
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    • 2016
  • Background: As the decomposition of lignocellulosic compounds is a rate-limiting stage in the nutrient mineralization from organic matters, elucidation of the changes in soil enzyme activity can provide insight into the nutrient dynamics and ecosystem functioning. The current study aimed to assess the effect of thinning intensities on soil conditions. Un-thinned control, 20 % thinning, and 30 % thinning treatments were applied to a Larix kaempferi forest, and total carbon and nitrogen, total carbon to total nitrogen ratio, extractable nutrients (inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium), and enzyme activities (acid phosphatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-xylosidase, ${\beta}$-glucosaminidase) were investigated. Results: Total carbon and nitrogen concentrations were significantly increased in the 30 % thinning treatment, whereas both the 20 and 30 % thinning treatments did not change total carbon to total nitrogen ratio. Inorganic nitrogen and extractable calcium and magnesium concentrations were significantly increased in the 20 % thinning treatment; however, no significant changes were found for extractable phosphorus and potassium concentrations either in the 20 or the 30 % thinning treatment. However, the applied thinning intensities had no significant influences on acid phosphatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-xylosidase, and ${\beta}$-glucosaminidase activities. Conclusions: These results indicated that thinning can elevate soil organic matter quantity and nutrient availability, and different thinning intensities may affect extractable soil nutrients inconsistently. The results also demonstrated that such inconsistent patterns in extractable nutrient concentrations after thinning might not be fully explained by the shifts in the enzyme-mediated nutrient mineralization.

2013년 하계 자란만 서부 연안의 Cochlodinium 적조 미발생 원인 : 영양염 자료를 중심으로 (Non-Outbreak Cause of Cochlodinium Bloom in the Western Coast of Jaran Bay in Summer, 2013 : On the Basis of Nutrient Data)

  • 권형규;김현정;양한섭;오석진
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.372-381
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    • 2014
  • 2013년 하계 자란만 서부 연안에서 Cochlodinium polykrikoides 적조의 미발생 원인을 화학적 현장관측결과와 기존에 발표된 C. polykrikoides의 생리학적 자료를 이용하여 해석하였다. 조사기간 동안 식물플랑크톤 군집은 규조류가 우점하고 있었으며, Cerataulina pelagica, Chaetoceros spp., Navicula spp. 그리고 Nitzschia spp.가 주요 우점종으로 출현하였다. 자란만 서부 연안의 영양염 농도는 이전의 C. polykrikoides 적조 발생 시기에 비해서 DIP 농도는 유사하였지만, DIN 농도는 낮았다. 특히, C. polykrikoides는 자란만 서부 연안에서 우점종으로 출현하는 규조류들에 비해서 무기 영양염에 대한 반포화상수(Ks)가 낮아 이들과의 종 경쟁에서 불리한 위치에 있는 것으로 보였다. 또한 상대적으로 낮은 DIN 농도를 보인 자란만 서부 연안은 질소에 대한 의존성이 높은 C. polykrikoides가 증식하기 위해서 불리한 환경이었다. 따라서 자란만 서부 연안의 낮은 영양염 환경하에서 무기 영양염 경쟁에 대해 불리한 위치에 있는 C. polykrikoides는 규조류의 번무에 따라 출현이 억제된 것으로 생각된다.

25시간 연속관측을 통한 섬진강 하구에서 시공간적 해양환경 변화 조절 요인 (Factors Controlling Temporal-Spatial Variations of Marine Environment in the Seomjin River Estuary Through 25-hour Continuous Monitoring)

  • 박미옥;김성수;김성길;권지남;이석모;이용우
    • 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.314-322
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    • 2012
  • 섬진강 하구에서 수온, 염분, pH, 용존산소, 부유입자물질, 영양염류, 엽록소 a의 시간에 따른 변화 양상을 파악하기 위해서 2006년 3월(건기)과 7월(우기)에 각각 25시간 연속관측을 실시하였다. 또한 공간적인 분포특성을 파악하기 위해서 염분경사에 따라 해양환경 조사를 실시하였다. 섬진강 하구에서 염분의 변화는 건기에는 조석주기, 우기에는 강물 유출량에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 용존무기영양염류(질산염, 아질산염, 규산염) 농도의 시공간적 분포는 건기에는 염분의 변화와 좋은 상관관계를 보였다. 반면 우기에는 시간에 따라 농도 변화가 작았다. 우기시 영양염류의 평균 농도는 건기에 비해 용존무기질산염의 경우 약 6배, 용존무기인의 경우 약 4배, 용존무기규산염의 경우 약 43배 높게 나타났다. 엽록소 a 농도는 용존무기영양염류의 농도가 높은 우기에 비해 건기에 높게 나타났다. 이 연구결과, 우기와 건기에 해양환경인자의 시공간적 분포는 조석과 강물유출량의 영향에 의해 결정되며, 엽록소 a의 분포는 용존무기영양염류의 분포보다는 담수의 유출량 변화와 연관성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

The Effects of Different Copper (Inorganic and Organic) and Energy (Tallow and Glycerol) Sources on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Fecal Excretion Profiles in Growing Pigs

  • Huang, Y.;Yoo, J.S.;Kim, H.J.;Wang, Y.;Chen, Y.J.;Cho, J.H.;Kim, I.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.573-579
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to determine the effects of different copper (inorganic and organic) and energy (tallow and glycerol) sources on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gas emission, diarrhea incidence, and fecal copper concentration in growing pigs by using a 2${\times}$2 factorial design. In this trial, 96 pigs (63 d of age) were employed, with an average initial weight of 28.36${\pm}$1.14 kg. The dietary treatments were i) basal diet with 134 ppm copper (Korea recommendation) as $CuSO_4$+tallow; ii) basal diet with 134 ppm Cu as $CuSO_4$+glycerol; iii) basal diet with 134 ppm copper as CuMet+tallow; and iv) basal diet with 134 ppm copper as CuMet+ glycerol. Throughout the entire experimental period, no differences were noted among treatment groups with regard to the magnitude of improvement in ADG (average daily gain), ADFI (average daily feed intake) and G/F (gain:feed) ratios. The nitrogen (N) digestibility of pigs fed on diets containing organic copper was improved as compared with that observed in pigs fed on diets containing inorganic copper (p<0.05). An interaction of copper${\times}$energy was observed in the context of both nitrogen (p<0.05) and energy (p<0.01) digestibility. Ammonia emissions were significantly lower in the organic copper-added treatment groups than in the inorganic copperadded treatment groups (p<0.05). Mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide emissions were reduced via the addition of glycerol (p<0.05). No significant effects of copper or energy source, or their interaction, were observed in reference to diarrhea appearance and incidence throughout the entirety of the experimental period. The copper concentration in the feces was significantly lower in the organic copper source treatment group than was observed in the inorganic copper source treatment group (p<0.05). The results of this experiment show that organic copper substituted for inorganic copper in the diet results in a decreased fecal copper excretion, but exerts no effect on performance. The different energy (tallow and glycerol) sources interact with different copper sources and thus influence nutrient digestibility. Glycerol supplementation may reduce the concentrations of odorous sulfuric compounds with different Cu sources.

동해남부연안 해양환경특성 시공간적 변화 (Spatiotemporal Variations of Marine Environmental Parameters in the South-western Region of the East Sea)

  • 원종호;이용우
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.16-28
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    • 2015
  • 동해남부연안에서 해수 중 해양환경특성의 시공간적 분포양상을 살펴보기 위해서 2012년 5월부터 2013년 2월까지 계절별로 현장조사를 실시하였다. 표층수 중 영양염류(용존무기질소, 용존무기인, 용존무기규소)의 농도는 봄과 여름에 비해 수직혼합이 활발하게 일어나는 가을과 겨울에 높게 나타났다. 여름에 chlorophyll a 농도가 높게 나타나 이 시기에 낮은 영양염 농도는 밀도약층의 강화로 인한 아표층으로부터 영양염류의 공급 감소와 식물플랑크톤의 광합성에 의한 소비로 판단된다. 반면 봄에는 chlorophyll a 농도가 낮게 나타나 봄에 표층수 중 낮은 영양염 농도는 육상 및 아표층으로부터 영양염류의 공급 감소에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 조사기간 동안 표층수와 저층수 중 용존무기질소와 용존무기인의 비는 각각 연평균 15.6, 14.8로 유사하였으나, 표준편차는 각각 13.6, 4.2로 표층수가 저층수에 비해 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. 특히, 봄에 용존무기질소에 대한 용존무기인의 비가 상대적으로 낮게 나타나(평균 $8.35{\pm}4.67$) 이 시기에 용존무기질소가 식물플랑크톤의 성장에 제한인자로써 작용했을 것으로 판단된다.