• BMB Reports
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.457-463
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• 2006

Insulin resistance is commonly observed in patients prior to the development of type 2 diabetes and may predict the onset of the disease. We tested the hypothesis that impairment in insulin stimulated glucose-disposal in insulin resistant patients would be reflected in the gene expression profile of skeletal muscle. We performed gene expression profiling on skeletal muscle of insulin resistant and insulin sensitive subjects using microarrays. Microarray analysis of 19,000 genes in skeletal muscle did not display a significant difference between insulin resistant and insulin sensitive muscle. This was confirmed with real-time PCR. Our results suggest that insulin resistance is not reflected by changes in the gene expression profile in skeletal muscle.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2016

본 연구는 고령여성의 12주간 건강운동프로그램을 통해 인슐린저항성 및 혈중지질의 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 운동집단(EG)과 통제집단(CG)으로 구분하여 두 그룹을 선정하였다. 운동집단에는 건강운동프로그램을 12주간 적용하였으며, CG는 통제집단으로서 프로그램에 참여하지 않고 비교집단으로 활용하였다. 운동집단에 적용된 건강운동프그램은 유산소운동과 밴드운동을 주 당 4회 준비운동과 정리운동을 포함해 60분간 실시되었다. 자료분석은 고령여성의 12주간 건강운동프로그램 적용 전과 후에 측정하여 프로그램의 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이와 같은 절차를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 고령여성의 12주간의 건강운동프로그램은 혈중지질과(TC, HDL, LDL, TG) 혈압(SBP, DBP) 변화에 유의한 상호작용효과를 나타냈다(p<.05). 둘째, 고령여성의 12주간의 건강운동프로그램은 인슐린저항성(insulin, glucose) 변화에 유의한 상호작용효과를 나타냈다(p<.05). 본 연구는 고령여성의 건강운동프로그램을 통해 인슐린저항성 및 혈중지질 변화에서 긍정적 개선을 나타냈다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.830-840
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• 2017

Excessive body weight gain during the growth period of early life may predispose individuals towards obesity and metabolic disorder in later life. We investigated the possibility of using the food efficiency ratio as an early indicator for predicting susceptibility to diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Four-week-old, prepubertal, male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into obesity-prone and obesity-resistant groups based on food efficiency ratio values after five days on a high-fat diet. Metabolic parameters measured after 2, 6, and 10 weeks, and specific phenotypes were compared with each group. Obesity-prone rats had higher increases in body weight and fat mass compared to obesity-resistant rats over the study period. Obesity-prone rats became glucose intolerant early in this study and remained so throughout the experimental period, with increases in fat weight and leptin levels occurring first, followed by increases in insulin level. Gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance significantly increased in obesity-prone groups in which activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were increased and glucokinase activity decreased. Higher food efficiency ratio at an early age was closely correlated with body fat accumulation, hyperleptinemia, and hyperinsulinemia of middle and elderly age. We suggest a high food efficiency ratio in prepubertal subjects may be a useful predictor of future obesity and insulin resistance.

• 생약학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2022

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance, and abnormally elevated hepatic gluconeogenesis is characterized. Phillyrin, one of the major active constituents of Forsythia suspense, is known to possess the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. However, the anti-diabetes mellitus effect of phillyrin and its molecular mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of phillyrin on gluconeogenesis in insulin resistant HepG2 cells. Phillyrin suppressed high glucose (HG)-induced glucose production. In addition, phillyrin reduced HG-induced the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), major genes in hepatic gluconeogenesis. Phillyrin treatment attenuated HG-induced nucleus protein levels of FOXO1 and HDAC5 and increased the phosphorylation of Akt, AMPK, HDAC5, and FOXO1. The block of AMPK and Akt activity did not exert the inhibitory effect of phillyrin on gluconeogenesis in insulin resistant HepG2. Taken together, these results suggest that phillyrin inhibits gluconeogenesis of hepatocytes to improve glucose metabolism, through the regulation of LKB1/AMPK/HDAC5 and PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway. These results indicate that phillyrin may be useful in improving hepatic gluconeogenesis associated with insulin resistant and T2DM.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.370-375
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• 2009

목 적 : 터너증후군 환자에서 대사증후군과 심혈관 질환의 위험성이 높다. 성인 연령의 터너증후군 환자들에서 대사증후군 관련요인을 분석하고, 인슐린 저항성의 대사위험성을 알아보기 위한 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 43명의 성인 터너증후군 환자에서 대사증후군의 빈도와 관련 요인 값들을 분석하였다. HOMA-IR을 이용하여 인슐린 저항성군과 비저항성군으로 분류한 후 각 집단을 분석하고, HOMA- IR과 대사 증후군 관련요인의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 결 과 : 대사증후군은 터너증후군 환자의 7%에서 보였고 각 항목에 대해서 인슐린 저항성은 16.3%, 복부 비만이 15.4%, 고중성지방이 2.3%, 저HDL 콜레스테롤이 9.3%였고, 고혈압이 36.8 %였다. 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 공복 혈당, HOMA-IR, 수축기 혈압은 인슐린 저항성군에서 의미 있게 높게 나왔으며, HOMA-IR은 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 공복 혈당, 수축기 혈압과 양의 상관관계를 보였다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 터너증후군 성인 환자들에서 대사증후군의 위험성이 있으며, 인슐린 저항성과 대사증후군 관련요인 간에 상관관계를 보인다. 터너증후군 환자들에게서 대사관련 요인을 일정기간 마다 검사하여 대사증후군 또는 인슐린 저항성으로의 진행여부를 감시하고 심혈관 합병증을 예방하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.74-77
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• 2019

A 10-year-old, 8.28 kg, intact female Cocker Spaniel was presented with continuous polyuria and polydipsia. The dog had proestrus bleeding 5 weeks earlier, and hyperglycemia, glucosuria, ketouria, and high level of serum fructosamine in laboratory findings. Based on hyperglycemia, glucosuria, ketouria, and ketosis, the patient was tentatively diagnosed as diabetes mellitus (DM) with ketouria. After diagnosis, 5 to 7 U/body porcine lente insulin was administered during 11 days from initial presentation as the remission of DM for the dog. But, blood glucose was still high level. Because there was no reaction to porcine lente insulin, it was replaced by 4-10 U/body neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) during 3 days. But, NPH also did not regulate blood glucose level. Because insulin therapy failed to regulate blood glucose level, the dog was considering insulin-resistant diabetes. The dog was tentatively diagnosed with progesterone-resistant DM on the basis of the history that had revealed proestrus bleeding 5 weeks earlier. Progesterone level was moderate high (43.7 ng/ml; reference range, 15.0-90.0 ng/ml). Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) was performed to remove the cause of the dog's diabetes. After OHE 11 days, blood glucose was gradually declined by insulin treatment. Consequently, blood glucose was well controlled in reference range without insulin treatment after 2 months. This case is a report on progesterone-induced DM treated with OHE and insulin treatment during the diestrus.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2017

Despite the importance of the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-RANK signaling mechanisms on osteoclast differentiation, little has been studied on how RANK expression is regulated or what regulates its expression during osteoclastogenesis. We show here that insulin signaling increases RANK expression, thus enhancing osteoclast differentiation by RANKL. Insulin stimulation induced RANK gene expression in time- and dose-dependent manners and insulin receptor shRNA completely abolished RANK expression induced by insulin in bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage cells (BMMs). Moreover, the addition of insulin in the presence of RANKL promoted RANK expression. The ability of insulin to regulate RANK expression depends on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) since only PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, specifically inhibited its expression by insulin. However, the RANK expression by RANKL was blocked by all three mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases inhibitors. The activation of RANK increased differentiation of BMMs into tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive ($TRAP^+$) osteoclasts as well as the expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) and d2 isoform of vacuolar ($H^+$) ATPase (v-ATPase) Vo domain (Atp6v0d2), genes critical for osteoclastic cell-cell fusion. Collectively, these results suggest that insulin induces RANK expression via ERK1/2, which contributes to the enhancement of osteoclast differentiation.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권4호통권143호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2005

Anti-hyperglycemic effects of 17 medicinal plants that have been used for ameliorating diabetes in oriental medicine were evaluated using glucose transport assay in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Higher activities were obtained by treating water or alcohol extract of Phellodendri Cortex (PC), which showed enhancing effects both on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. The latter effect of PC was completely inhibited by wortmannin, a specific inhibitor for phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), but not affected by SB203580, A specific inhibitor for p38 mitogen-activatedprotein kinase(MAPK). Genistein, an inhibitor for tyrosine kinases, abolished the PC effects completely. Treatment of vanadate, an inhibitor for tyrosine phosphatases, together with PC showed no significant synergic enhancement in glucose uptake. The results of inhibitors associated with insulin signaling pathway indicated that extracts of PC enhance glucose uptake by PI-3 kinase activation which is an upstream event for GLUT4 translocation. Antidiabetic effects of PC extract might be also due to enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation and reduced tyrosine dephosphorylation. In addition, PC accelerated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant cells, recovering the uptake level close to that of normal cells. These findings may offer a new way to utilize extracts of PC as novel anti-hyperglycemic agents.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2001

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the effect of metformin therapy on ovulation induction & pregnancy rate in clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS women. Method: This study used a randomized, single-blinded, case-controlled methods. Total study group consisted of 21 women who showed clomiphene citrate-resistant parttern on previous ovulation induction cycles. Patients of metformin group received metformin 500 mg three times daily, for 7 weeks. Control group received none. Metformin group was consisted of 10 women and control group was consisted of 11 women. Then clomiphene was administrated at daily 50 mg for 5 days to both groups. Clomiphene dosage was increased to daily 150 mg until ovulation was occurred. Before and After metformin treatment, blood samples for measurement of insulin, glucose, steroids were obtained. Results: In the metformin and control groups, 6 of 10 women (60%) and 2 of 11 women (18%) ovulated. And 4 of 10 women (40%) and 0 of 11 women (0%) conceived. Comparisons between the groups were significant. Conclusion: In PCOS women who are resistant to CC, metformin use increased the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate from CC treatment, significantly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Korean type 2 diabetes patients. The subjects were 429 (male: 218, female: 211) type 2 DM patients visited DM clinic, and they were classified into quartiles based on $K_{ITT}$ index (%/min, Insulin Tolerance Test). Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, and dietary intakes by Food Frequency Questionnaire were assessed. The means of waist circumference, fat mass, percent body fat and abdominal fat thickness were significantly higher in the lowest quartile (the most insulin resistant group) than in the highest quartile (the least insulin resistant group) of $K_{ITT}$ index (%/min)(p<0.05), For hematological values, the lowest quartile showed significantly higher fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, insulin, triglyceride, ApoB/apoA-1 ratio and C-reactive protein compared to the highest quartile (p < 0.05). Moreover, $K_{ITT}$ index (%/min) was negatively correlated with waist circumference, fat mass, percent body fat, abdominal fat thickness and fasting blood concentrations of glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, ApoB/apoA-1 ratio and C-reactive protein (p < 0.05). Nutrient intakes were not significantly different among the quartile groups of $K_{ITT}$ index (%/min) and also not correlated with insulin resistance, however, they showed correlation with obesity parameters (BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, vat mass, abdominal fat thickness), which were strongly associated with insulin resistance. In conclusion, cardiovascular disease risk would be higher as the insulin resistance grows in Korean type 2 DM patients, and nutrient intakes would affect to the insulin resistance through the effect on anthropometric parameters.