• Title/Summary/Keyword: Intention to quit

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Hookah Smoking: Characteristics, Behavior and Perceptions of Youth Smokers in Pune, India

  • Kakodkar, Pradnya V.;Bansal, Shruti S.
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.7
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    • pp.4319-4323
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    • 2013
  • Background: Hookah smoking has been referred to as a global tobacco epidemic by public health officials. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics, behaviour and perceptions related to hookah smoking among the youth smokers in Pune. Methods: Two hundred and eighty established hookah smokers participated in this study. Data was collected using a 29-item questionnaire, constructed using three main domains: Characteristics (socio-demographic and personal), behaviour and perceptions (about harmful effects in comparison to cigarette smoking). Results: The results indicated that the mean age of starting hookah smoking was 17.3 years; 75% of participants did not have parental acceptance; light-headedness, dizziness and headache were most common reported nicotine effects, post hookah smoking. Hookah smoking on a daily basis was reported by 24.6% participants. The mean time of hookah session was 1 hour and 19 minutes. 68.2% participants were reported to smoke hookah in hookah-cafes and 35.7% participants were found to share the hookah. Some 66.7% participants had no intention to quit. Most of them (71-80%) had misperception about the safety of hookah smoking over cigarette smoking and 54-82% participants were unaware of health effects. Conclusions: Educational intervention is urgently needed to create awareness among the youth about the harmful effects of hookah smoking.

A Predictive Model using Decision Tree Method on Demand for Alternative Feeding Education by Nurses (의사결정나무분석법을 이용한 간호사의 대체수유교육요구 예측모형)

  • Oh, Jin-A;Yoon, Chae-Min;Kim, Byung-Su
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.84-92
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: One of the main reasons why mothers quit breast feeding is that the volume of breast milk is inadequate due to insufficiency in suckling. We believe suckling experience may be a factor affecting nipple confusion. So an alternative feeding method, namely cup, spoon, finger, or nasogastric tube feeding may be needed to prevent nipple confusion. The purpose of this study was to construct a predictive model for demand for alternative feeding education by nurses. Methods: A descriptive design with structured self-report questionnaires was used for this study. Data from 175 nurses working in hospitals in Busan were collected between April 1 and 15, 2009. Data were analyzed by decision tree method, one of the data mining techniques using SAS 9.1 and Enterprise Miner 4.3 program. Results: Of the nurses, 81.1% demanded alternative feeding education and 5 factors showed that most of them expressed intention to pay, desire to know about alternative feeding, age, and learning experience. From these results, the derived model is considered appropriative for explaining and predicting demand for alternative feeding education. Conclusion: This confirms that knowledge and compliance in alternative breast feeding for newborn babies should be correct and any inaccuracies or insufficient information should be supplemented.

A Study on the Actual Condition of the Adult-smoking in a Region (일 지역 성인의 흡연실태)

  • Chong Young-sook
    • Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.97-113
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    • 1999
  • To investigate the actual condition of the adult-smoking in Chinan County. I used self-reporting questionnaires among 923 residents living in nine districts selected at random among the sites of eleven eup-myons from December 28. 1998 to January 6. 1999. collected data and analyized using SPSS. The smoking rate of adults in Chinan County was $36.9\%$. There was a significant difference in smoking rate according to the age. gender, education and job among general characteristics. The smoking rate in group of above 40s was about $40\%$ and that of the male took $55.5\%$ which was higher than that of female and the smoking rate of the people having high-school education was the highest$(46.2\%)$. With regard to the career. the smoking rate of the farmers ranked first$(46.1\%)$. Therefore anti-smoking business for smokers should be focused on above 40 years old, males. people having high school education and farmers. As the result of the survey of smoking habits of 340 people who smoke currently, the average smoking begining age was 21.8 and $81.5\%$ among them was between 16-25 years old. $4.4\%$ was under 15. during around the elementary school. Most motives to smoke were as followed; curiosity or taste$(33.6\%)$, relief of stress $(31.2\%)$, peer presure$(26.5\%)$ And considering the amount of the cigarette which is smoked per day, the case which is less than a pack of cigarettes was highest as $75.5\%$ and the people who smoke over one pack of cigarettes took $24.5\%$. As for the kind of tobacco which is smoked, how to smoke and the desire for the smoking, most case was toxin was moderate$(47.8\%)$ or mild$(46.9\%)$. shallowly$(49.0\%)$ or deeply$(46.3\%)$ and under stress$(33.4\%)$. after meals$(27.8\%)$, during drink$(15.7\%)$ and so on. The highest point marked among the factors of smoking motives was 'the reduce of negative emotion' $(3.27\pm1.00)$. followed by 'uncomfortable habits' $(2.87\pm1.02)$, 'addiction' $(2.84\pm1.06)$. 'habit' $(2.74\pm1.12)$. 'pleasure' $(2.70\pm1.04)$. 'stimulus' $(2.59\pm.90)$, 'sensation-exercise satisfaction' $(2.42\pm.97)$. Smokers smoke to reduce the negative emotions when angry in most common case. depressed. anxious. uncomfortable. lone. ashamed or embarrased. and intend to solve the certain problem. etc. Other motives are uncomfortable habit. addiction. habit. pleasure and the pursuit of stimulus. The level of nicotine dependence of adults m Chinan County was 10.57 which amount to 'high' wholly. As the resulf of the level of nicotine dependence score. the people who are low in the level of nicotine was $33.5\%$. the people who are high was $48.2\%$. very high was $18.4\%$. The approach for anti-smoking for smokers should be conducted differently according to the level of the nicotine. For the people who are in low level of nicotin dependence the prohibition of the smoking should be guided through the approach to foster strong will. for those who are in 'high' by acquiring proper method for the prohibition of smoking. and for those who are 'very high' the anti-smoking should be induced by providing proper program because of the possibility of the suffer from abstinence syndrome. The difference of the level of nicotine with the general characteristics of the objects had not statistically significant difference. The difference of the level of nicotine dependence accompanied by smoking habit had statistically significant difference according to the amount of smoke, the kind of tobacos. smoke inhale habit. In other words, the group of heavy smokers had higher level of the nicotine dependence than that of the light smokers relatively and the group which smoke strong taboaco has higher level of nicotine than that of which smoke mild or moderate. And the group of smokers who smoke deeply has higher level of nicotine than that who smoke shallowly or nonswallow. Aa a result of the analysis of the correlation between smoking motive factors and the level of nicotine, there was the indication that people who smoke for the decrease of the negative emotion. habit, pleasure. stimulus. sensation-exercise satisfaction had high level of the nicotine dependence. As the result of the anti-smoking will of smokers. $65.0\%$ of them had prohibition of smoking will. $29.3\%$ had no will to quit smoke. The most important reason for anti-smoking was health. $67.9\%$ had experience to try to quit smoke and the biggest reason to fail to quit smoking was the lack of the will power to keep anti-smoking. $52.8\%$ of them were advised to stop smoking from their spouses or children. only $2.8\%$ were by medical. The people who have the opinion to need anti-smoking education were $69.6\%$. Therefore when the business for the hygine of the mouth for adult is set. it should be centered on the people who have intention of prohibition of the smoking and help to quit smoking by way of other affirmative counter-program not smoking under stress.

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The Realities of Smoking among Some College Students and Their Relevant Knowledge (일부 대학생들의 흡연실태 및 지식도)

  • Kim, Jin;Lim, Sun-A
    • Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.283-294
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the state of smoking among some college students, the smoking motivation of smoker students, what made them quit smoking and how they got ready for giving up smoking, as smoking had a huge impact on national health and there was a desperate necessity for preventive antismoking education programs to let students keep away from smoking. After a survey was conducted with self-administered questionnaires from October 1 through November 1, 2006, the responses from 400 students were gathered, and 384 answer sheets were analyzed except 16 incomplete ones. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. By gender, 62.4% of the male students and 28.6% of the female students were smokers, and the state of smoking was statistically significantly different according to their gender(p<0.05). 2. The largest number of the male students, which accounted 44.1%, started smoking in their high school days, and 39.5% of the females did that in middle school. As for a daily mean amount of smoking, 41.8% of the male students, the greatest percentage, smoked 10 to 19 cigarettes a day, and one to nine cigarettes were most common among the females, which represented 57.9 %. But the gap between the two was insignificant(p>0.05). As many as 83.6% of the males and 86.8% of the females had ever attempted to quit it. 3. Concerning awareness of antismoking policies, they felt that a raise in cigarette price would lead to less smoking, and that antismoking advertisement or posters through television or newspaper would deliver the same results as well. There was a statistically significant difference among their awareness(p<0.05). 4. Regarding preparation stage for quitting smoking, 31.3% of the male smokers had no intention to give it up, and 23.2% considered it. 36.7%, the largest percentage, got ready to refrain from it. Among the female smokers, 34.2% had no plans to abstain from smoking, and 36.8% took it into consideration. 23.7% got ready to do that. The females who got ready for that were outnumbered the males who did. 5. As to connections between the state of smoking and relevant knowledge, the students didn't have a good knowledge on that, and a statistically significant difference existed between the smokers and nonsmokers in smoking knowledge. 6. As for knowledge about oral diseases, they were highly cognizant of the relationship of smoking to tooth discoloration, nicotine stomatitis and bad breath, but they didn't know well about its relationship to delayed recovery from dental treatment, implant failure and ozena. Their smoking condition made a statistically significant difference to their knowledge(p<0.05). In the future, sustained research efforts should be channeled into determining how much smoking affects health and concerns oral diseases, and antismoking counseling programs should be prepared to bolster people's awareness of oral health.

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Role of Tobacco Warning Labels in Informing Smokers about Risks of Smoking among Bus Drivers in Mangalore, India

  • Mallikarjun, Sajjanshetty;Rao, Ashwini;Rajesh, Gururaghavendran;Shenoy, Ramya;Mithun, Pai B.H.
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.19
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    • pp.8265-8270
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    • 2014
  • Background: Smoking tobacco is considered as a leading cause of preventable death, mostly in developing countries like India. One of the primary goals of international tobacco control is to educate smokers about the risks associated with tobacco consumption. Tobacco warning labels (TWLs) on cigarette packages are one of the most common statutory means to communicate health risks of smoking to smokers, with the hope that once educated, they will be more likely to quit the habit. Materials and Methods: The present survey was conducted to assess the effectiveness of TWLs in communicating health risks of tobacco usage among 263 adult smokers working as bus drivers in Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC), Mangalore, India. Information was collected on demographic details, exposure and response to health warnings on tobacco products, intention to quit and nicotine dependency. Results: The majority (79.5%) of the respondents revealed negative intentions towards quitting smoking. Nearly half of the participants had a 'low' nicotine dependency (47.5%) and 98.1% of the respondents had often noticed warning labels on tobacco packages. These health warnings made 71.5% of the respondents think about quitting smoking. Respondents who noticed advertisement or pictures about dangers of smoking had better knowledge, with respect to lung cancer and impotence as a consequence of tobacco. A higher exposure to warning labels was significantly associated with lower nicotine dependency levels of smokers among the present study population. A significantly higher number of respondents who noticed advertisement or pictures about the dangers of smoking thought about the risks of smoking and were more inclined to think about quitting smoking. As exposure increased, an increase in the knowledge and response of participants was also observed. Conclusions: Exposure to tobacco warning labels helps to educate smokers about health risks of tobacco smoking. It may be possible to promote oral health among bus drivers by developing strategies to educate them about these risk factors.

Impact of Smoking Cessation Training for Community Pharmacists in Indonesia

  • Kristina, Susi Ari;Thavorncharoensap, Montarat;Pongcharoensuk, Petcharat;Prabandari, Yayi Suryo
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.8
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    • pp.3319-3323
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    • 2015
  • Background: Community pharmacists play an important role in tobacco control and adequate training on smoking cessation is essential. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was used. A one-day workshop on smoking cessation organized by Indonesian Pharmacists Association as part of PCE program was offered to 133 community pharmacists. The workshop consisted of a 3-hour lecture and a 3-hour role-play session. Pre-training and post-training surveys assessed the impact of training on parameters including knowledge, perceived role and self-efficacy with respect to smoking cessation counseling practices. Intention and ability to perform counseling using the 5A framework was assessed after training only. Results: After PCE, knowledge score significantly increased from $24.9{\pm}2.58$ to $35.7{\pm}3.54$ (p<0.001). Perceived role and self-efficacy in smoking cessation counseling also significantly increased from $25.8{\pm}2.73$ to $28.7{\pm}2.24$, and $27.6{\pm}4.44$ to $32.6{\pm}3.63$, respectively (p<0.001). After the workshop, most participants were willing to ask, advise, and assess patients who ready to quit, but were still less likely to assist in quitting plans and arranging follow up counseling. More than 75% pharmacists were able to perform cessation counseling and 65% of them can completely perform a 5A brief intervention. Conclusions: PCE can enhance pharmacists' knowledge, perceived role, self-efficacy in cessation counseling practices, and create willingness and ability to perform cessation counseling. Future training is recommended to improve skills in assisting quitting plans and arranging follow up.

Influence of Stress, Self-efficacy for Smoking Cessation, Smoking Temptation and Nicotine Dependency in Male College Students who Smoke (흡연 남자대학생의 스트레스, 금연에 대한 자기효능감 및 흡연유혹이 니코틴 의존도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Nam-Jo;Hong, Hae-Sook
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of stress, self-efficacy for smoking cessation, smoking temptation, and nicotine dependency, and to identify factors influencing nicotine dependency among male college students who smoke. Methods: In this study, a cross-sectional survey design was adopted for 283 male college students who smoke in D city, Korea. Data was analyzed for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression using the SPSS 20.0 program. Results: The mean score of stress was $27.00{\pm}6.28$, self-efficacy for smoking cessation was $25.61{\pm}6.71$, smoking temptation was $53.87{\pm}11.02$, and nicotine dependency was $3.63{\pm}1.96$. There was a significant positive correlation between stress and nicotine dependency (r=.58, p<.001) and between smoking temptation and nicotine dependency (r=.59, p<.001). There was a significant negative correlation between self-efficacy for smoking cessation and nicotine dependency (r=-.59, p<.001). The significant factors influencing nicotine dependency were stress (${\beta}=.357$, p<.001), self-efficacy for smoking cessation (${\beta}=.359$, p<.001), and smoking temptation (${\beta}=.297$, p<.001). This model explained 60.3% of variance in nicotine dependency (F=105.59, p<.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that an intervention program is needed to reduce the perception of stress and smoking temptation, and to increase the ability of self-efficacy for smoking cessation among male college students who smoke with the intention to quit smoking.

Emotional Intelligence as a Mediator of the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Performance (변혁적 리더십과 조직시민행동 및 직무성과의 관계에서 감성지능의 매개효과)

  • Kim, Yong-Soon;Chun, Min-Ho
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.378-387
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to research the relationships among transformational leadership, emotional intelligence, organizational citizenship behavior and job performance of employees in hotel corporations. Transformational leadership is associated with higher levels of organizational citizenship behavior and job performance by their employees. And emotional intelligence is an important antecedent of work related outcomes such as organizational citizenship behavior, intention to quit and job performance. To accomplish this study, it was determined that the analysis derived from a hypothesis and literature reviews and data collected from 201 employees in hotel corporations. The results of empirical analysis showed as follows. First, Transformational leadership has a significant influence on emotional intelligence, organizational citizenship behavior and job performance. Second, Emotional intelligence has a significant influence on organizational citizenship behavior Third, mediating effects of employee's emotional intelligence in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior was confirmed. Based on these findings, the implications and limitations of the study were presented including some directions for future studies.

Effect of Smoking and Drinking Habits on the Nutrient Intakes and Health of Middle and High School Boy Students (남자 중.고생의 흡연과 음주습관이 영양소 섭취 및 건강상태에 미치는 영향)

  • Shin, Kyung-Ok;An, Chang-Hun;Hwang, Hyo-Jeong;Choi, Kyung-Soon;Chung, Keun-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.694-708
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    • 2009
  • The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of smoking & drinking on the diet, nutrient intake, and overall health. A sample of 262 youths, aged 16 to 18 year-old, was randomly selected from Seoul and its vicinity. The subjects participated by answering survey questions including general questions, questions regarding health, smoking & drinking habits, dietary habits, nutrient intake, physical characteristics, and smoking cessation plans. The average height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were $173.5{\pm}6.8\;cm$, $64.8{\pm}11.8\;kg$, and $21.4{\pm}3.7\;kg/m^2$, respectively. Among the subjects, 88% appeared to be interested in health and 43.5% of youth asserted that the best way to keep healthy was to engage in regular exercise. Among 63 smokers, 52 students (82.5%) used alcoholic beverages while 11 students (17.5%) did not use alcoholic beverages, meaning that smoking was a causative factor in drinking. 55.6% of youth reported beginning to smoke in middle school, and 38.1% of them asserted that curiosity was the motive for smoking. The youth reported that the craving for smoking was highest when hungry, and the best place to smoke was the restroom. 20 students (69.0%) answered that the only way to quit smoking was just to stop. 12 students (44.4%) reported that the main reason for failures in smoking cessation attempts was a lack of intention or willpower. 87.1% of all subjects answered that they were inclined to quit smoking, and 56.7% of them would be interested in attending a smoking cessation program if they had the opportunity. Among the smoking and drinking group, 50% of drinkers began to drink in high school, and the reason for drinking given was peer pressure-40% of drinkers answered that they wished to quit drinking. 34.4% of students appeared to have breakfast everyday, but 16.4% of students answered that they had quit eating breakfast. 52.5% of all students reported that the principal reason for overeating was the presence of one's favorite food, and the smoking and drinking group reported overeating more frequently than other groups (p<0.05). 72.6% of all subjects reported eating interim meals $1{\sim}2$ times daily, 36.4% of smokers ate carbonated beverages, 38.5% ate ice cream as a interim meal, and 38.5% of the drinking and smoking groups ate fruits, 26.9% of them ate fried foods, and some of them ate fast foods as a interim meal. Among smokers, the ratio of eating fat-rich foods, and meats such as kalbi and samgyupsal more than two times per week was higher, and 54.3% of smokers ate ice cream, cookies, and carbonated beverages more than two times per week (p<0.05). The total nutrient intake of the $15{\sim}19$-year youth group was much higher than the standard value. The energy intake of the smoking group and the drinking and smoking group was significantly higher than that of the normal group (p<0.05). Intakes of phosphorus (p<0.05), cholesterol (p<0.05), and sodium (p<0.05) were the highest among all groups. Accordingly, it is recommended that practical education programs be implemented to teach young students to resist peer pressures to smoke and drink. Additionally, education that acknowledges the importance of nutrition is necessary to avoid preferential eating and overeating due to smoking and drinking.such education can also teach students to eat a balanced diet and improve their physical development.

The effect on a job performance of the Education training satisfaction of Private Security (민간경비원의 교육훈련만족도가 직무수행에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Sae-Hwan;Lee, Seung-Chal;Park, Jun-Seok
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.19
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    • pp.139-163
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to build up the expert system with more subdivided qualifications and improved qualities with the development of the security industry. And also it is to analyze a survey measuring how satisfied they are with curriculum, teaching faculty, educational administration, facilities among 439 private guards completing a course in Korea private guard educational institution and registered in the National Police Agency in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Gyeongsang, Jeolla province. For this, SPSS(Statistical Packages for Social Science) 15.0 Version was adapted to analyze and other analysis methods used for this study are like these: frequency, reliability analysis, regressive analysis, moderated multiple regression, post hoc test for categorizing the performance changes, looking into the characteristics, examining closely job performance, intention to quit one's job, and inquiring into the influence how satisfaction measurement at education training satisfaction makes on carrying out one's job. Firstly, The Effect Satisfaction at The Program has on Performing One's Duty With respect to job performance, curriculum, educational administration, teaching abilities have positive influences on it. On the other hand, with respect to quitting one's job, curriculum just makes positive effects on leaving one's work statistically. It indicates that systematic and effective curriculum, administration, teaching faculty or contents with high quality rather than just education facilities would make the task performance excellent and satisfaction at the program well in regards to making effects on the task performance. Secondly, The Effect Satisfaction at The Program has on Performing One's Duty with Social Supports Despite being the fact that statistically any strong correlation between curriculum and social supports, one between education facilities and social supports, one between teaching abilities and social supports, and one between educational administration and social supports do not have influences on carrying out job performance, it turns out that satisfaction at the program and social supports make positive effects on performing one's task. In conclusion, the entire social system and support need to be improved and some institutions appropriate for satisfaction at the program should be established as soon as possible.

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