• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2022

The global cod market is supposed to have weak structure with a high dependence on the supply of Russia, the United States, Norway, and China. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the cod supply chain for the worse. Fish processing facilities in China stopped their operation, and cod demand declined due to shrinking consumption in Europe. The position of South Korea as an intermediary trade country between Russia and China strengthened due to the U.S.-China trade war and the Atlantic cod decrease in 2019. However, this global cod supply chain collapse has caused South Korea to export accumulated cod to Indonesia and Vietnam at a bargain price, showing that South Korea was unable to cope with this supply chain crisis. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate changes in the global cod supply chain and their impacts on the intermediary trade of South Korea caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It also aims to provide implications by analyzing advanced cases in Denmark. As the cod supply chain crisis countermeasures, this study suggests that South Korea develop high value-added marine products, gain competitive advantages by solidifying the value chains of related countries, and activate export by discovering alternative markets in terms of the supply chain of the cod industry.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.41-65
• /
• 2009

This study based on international input-output model shows various static analyses of the effects by estimating the intermediary goods' trade volume that affects the industrial production. When concluding tariff removal between Korea and Japan, as intermediary goods import increases, Korea's trade balance deficit with Japan is expected to grow more than before. However, Korea's increase in export to the world is the largest benefit Korea can earn from tariff removal between the two countries.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.60
• /
• pp.195-209
• /
• 2013

South Korea, despite the financial turbulences has marked the trade volume of USD 1 trillion and marked $7^{th}$ largest exporter in 2013. Approximately 40% of the entire import of Korea was for export. In the South Korean trade structure, import and export are closely related, requiring proactive import financial assistance policies. Recognizing this, K-sure has made import insurance policy available on the market since July 2010. The K-sure insurance policy targets both financial institutions and importers. This is the reason why this research seeks to review the import insurance terms for importers and compare with foreign import insurance products to find out ways to improve. K-sure's import insurance for importers is to cover a loss of a policyholder when the policyholder or importer domestically addressed made a prepayment but cannot receive goods. The import insurance is applied to import transactions of goods or resources. K-sure's import insurance coverage needs to be expanded to intermediary trade and consignment processing trade, etc. In this sense, a more systematic educational program should be introduced about K-sure's import insurance.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.33
• /
• pp.247-275
• /
• 2007

This paper is to propose the Direction for the institutional improvement of Financial Supply Chain Management(FSCM) Solution which are currently coming into operation under Global e-Trading Platform. The Financial Supply Chain compromise the entire trade processes and information that manage a trader's cash, Accounts payable and receivable, Risk, working capital, and so on in international trade transaction. From a buyer's perspective, this involves the full procurement-to-payment process. For the seller, it is the order-to-cash cycle. Bolero provides the party concerned a e-trade platform which conformed to these fundamental pre-requisites to underpin fully electronic trade. But this FSCM solution have failed to provide the efficient platform to effectively manage the process of Global e-Trade because it does not correspond with e-Trade environment. Therefore, present FSCM system need the institutional improvement as follows: AA) Strengthening the role of the correspondent Bank under e-Trade System, BB) Extending the function of e-Trade intermediary institution, CC) The introduction of Trade Insurance System, etc. So, by streamlining and automating these processes on an open and flexible platform, The party concerned can optimize their trade transaction and maintain better relations with their business partners

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.67
• /
• pp.209-231
• /
• 2015

The accurate national trade statistics can show the real nation's trade situation, and contribute to setting up the national's trade plans and corporate's strategies. This study researches the differences between trade statistics and actual trade record among the national and international statistics and suggests improvement plans to solve the problems. There are 4 types' differences among the trade statistics as follows; First, a statistical differences between Korea Customs Service and Bank of Korea by yearly US$9.6billions because of standard and boundary of trade statistics. Second, a statistical differences between Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and Korea Customs Service because of the time and purpose of trade statistics release. Third, a statistical differences between Korea and counterpart countries because of standard of trade statistics, intermediate countries and rules of origin. Lastly, a statistical differences between nation's statistics and corporate record because of typing errors and indirect export record. The fundamental improvement plans are Korea statistics rules like Korea Foreign Trade Rules and Korea Custom Rules, need to coincide with the international rules like IMTS, MSITS, BPM6 etc. Especially the rules of statistics related to intermediary trade, processing trade and transit trade have to revise with new BPM6 rules. In addition, a reasonable care of trade statistics from accumulation to utilization of trade information is more important than statistical regulation or system, so all persons concerned including exporters, importers, government official pay attention the statistics and cooperate together.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.67-86
• /
• 1999

As we increase installing computers, traditional commerce by paper document is replaced by Electronic Commerce, paperless document commerce. Electronic Commerce proves to be an intermediary for increasing efficiency on work, which makes us use it more. This study aims to contribute to streamline local export by analyzing trade firms and manufacturers' using status of Electronic Commerce on work in Pusan. I sent questionnaires to 202 firms working on trade in Pusan to do survey. The sample of this study consists of 96 of them. I analyze using status of Electronic Commerce on work based on those data. The result shows that the more the firms install facility to be able for Electronic Commerce and the better they understand Electronic Commerce related laws, the more they select that on work. Generally The firms in Pusan rarely select Electronic Commerce on work and even acknowledges how much that is needed on work. Considering all of them, this study shows the method of streamlining local export by Electronic Commerce as follows; First, all kinds of Electronic Commerce such as trade related site in Internet should be systemized. Second, the laws on Electronic Commerce should be established in details. Third, workers on firms should be educated on Electronic Commerce. Forth, the firms should install the facility for Electronic Commerce, assist financially and make marketing strategy for selecting Electronic Commerce on each step in work. In conclusion, export in Pusan would be streamlined when the use of Electronic Commerce, effective intermediary, is motivated and we take that method to use on work properly.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.389-409
• /
• 2012

The Switched Bill of Lading(SBL) has been in frequent use in recent years as intermediary trade increases with the growing number of companies' overseas subsidiaries. Its frequent use, though, has brought about disputes regarding its illegal issue. Although there are several legal cases regarding this, studies on this issue are hard to find. Therefore, this study tries to provide countermeasures and precautions against unlawful issues of SBL through examining the legal cases resulting from illegal issuing practices of SBL. When the Switched Bill of Lading is issued, the shipper, consignee, port of loading and unloading, and shipping date of the original bill of lading are usually changed. Statements which may put the shipper at a disadvantageous position may also be deleted and/or the bill of lading may be either divided or integrated when it is issued. However, if the carrier issues the SBL 1)without withdrawing original BL, 2)indicating the shipping date, port of loading and port of discharge falsely, or 3)deleting the statements which may give him disadvantages, it may be regarded as an illegal issue. These unlawful issues of SBL may pose a huge threat to the shipper, banks and the parties relating to the trade. That is, the shipper may take a substantial loss when the goods can be delivered to a third party by SBL without his collecting the proceeds. The issuing bank and the negotiating bank may also have their security rights to the goods hampered by the illegal and improper issue of SBL. In most cases, the carrier has no choice but to issue the SBL without collecting the original BL for fear of hurting the relationship with the intermediary traders. This practice of issuing more than two sets of BL may pose a potential risk to the carrier.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.70
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 2016

As China, the world's work shop was transformed into consumption market intermediary products and expensive consumer goods are more in highly demand recently. These will tend to diffuse especially to the west coastal cities of China. The economic growth of China needs to develop hub port facilities more and more in these days. We don't need to explain value of hub port in international trade. Furthermore If we are to retain access convenience of merchant vessel we really must maintain hub ports in Korea. This paper aims to vitalize Pyeongtaek port in times of the Pan Yellow Sea in readiness for an increase of trade between Korean, China, and Japan absorbing economic effects. The Rise of China leads to increase of trade of Korea that make necessary to develop a big and wide port to Pan Yellow Sea times. There is a lot of competition to be a hub port to become a center of international trade in the Pan Yellow Sea market. We need to improve the surrounding environment or facilities and industry clusters flexibly of Pyeongtaek port. It will guide to cost cutting and to raise business efficiency. Ultimately Pyeongtaek port should maintain and make advance its competitiveness especially in the Pan Yellow Sea times.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2014

This study identifies the necessity and importance of innovation in rural communities and highlights the role of rural revitalization support centers in facilitating the diffusion of community innovation. The study provides a literature review and employs the survey method to verify the arguments. There is an urgent need for rural communities to be distinct, attractive, and competitive in the wake of globalization. It is clear that they must recognize the need to facilitate innovation under growing trends toward trade liberalization, environment-oriented life styles, diversified consumer needs, and a knowledge-based society. The results provide support for the legitimacy of establishing rural revitalization support centers to help community leaders and local stakeholders develop their communities. More specifically, rural communities should employ R&D outcomes from diverse fields and capacity building by community members, leaders, and local governments to foster sustainable growth by overcoming limitations in spatial access and resources. The results suggest that rural revitalization support centers can be established as intermediary organizations that can be operated to facilitate community innovation in rural development. In addition, these centers should play key roles such as empowering communities, facilitating region-specific rural development policies, motivating R&D applications for rural development, encouraging rural development networks. Further, close attention should be paid to facilitate mutual learning by expanding networks and interactions between these centers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.643-651
• /
• 2021

This study aims to determine the response of regional economic growth to the financial performance of regional economies in regard to the liquidity conditions, saving-investment gaps, trade openness, inflation, as well as the national economic growth. The basic logic theory of research uses the principles of open economics and financial intermediary systems. The data used in this study are secondary data, and the form of data is a quarterly time series for the period from 2008 to 2019. The data were obtained from various publications, such as the Central Statistics Agency (CSA), Regional Financial Economics Statistics (RFES), Indonesian Banking Statistics (IBS), and the Financial Services Authority (FSA). Data processing was done through VAR/VECM analysis; short-term and long-term equilibrium analyses were carried out. The results of the analysis illustrate that regional economic growth and the conditions of liquidity, saving-investment gaps, trade openness, inflation, and national economic growth are related and lead to significant impact variations in the provinces of Papua and West Papua. In conclusion, the findings of this research support the leading supply hypothesis and reformulate the strategy and policy of economic development, bearing in mind that there are still many underdeveloped districts in these two provinces.