• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to investigate change of isokinetic trunk muscle strength according to decrease of body composition analysis parameter after obesity treatment. Methods : 2 obese patients have been treated with oriental medical obese treatment for 1 month. One patient got the exercise treatment, another didn't. Before and after treatment, the segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis, isokinetic trunk muscle strength test were performed. Then we analyzed the relationship of data. Results : After obesity treatment, BMI(Body Mass Index), PBF(Percentage of Body Fat), WHR(Waist Hip Ratio) were decreased in all patient and LBM(Lean Body Mass) was increased. In non-exercise patient, Ext.PT(extension Peak Torque) was decreased and Flex.PT(flexion Peak Torque) was increased. In exercise patient showed the opposite results. E/F ratio became more imbalance. Conclusions: Ext.PT was decreased in non-exercise patient but increased in exercise patient. And the trunk muscle strength became imbalance in both patients, right after the treatment. So trunk muscle exercise should be carried out and it is necessary to do long term study.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.91-98
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate flexor-extensor muscle strength of trunk according to Sasang constitution. Methods : This study was carried out with the data from comprehensive medical testing. People were performed Trunk Extension Flexion(TEF) Program of CYBEX NORM System and QSCC(Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Classification) II test. And then we made three groups according to Sasang constitution and analyzed isokinetic strength on the TEF. Results : 1. A significant difference(Taeumin>Soeumin>Soyangin) was found in flexor muscle peak torque(PT) of trunk according to Sasang constitution(P<0.05). 2. A significant difference was not found in flexor muscle peak torque%body weight (PT%BW) of trunk according to Sasang constitution. 3. A significant difference(Taeumin>Soeumin>Soyangin) was found in extensor muscle peak torque(PT) of trunk according to Sasang constitution(P<0.05). 4. A significant difference(Soeumin>Taeumin>Soyangin) was found in extensor muscle peak torque%body weight(PT%BW) of trunk according to Sasang constitution(P<0.05). Conclusions : There is a significant difference in isokinetic strength on the TEF according to Sasang constitution.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate effect of core stabilization exercises on the erector spinae contractile properties and trunk isokinetic muscle function of middle age with low physical activity and sedentary lifestyle. Method: Twenty (female: n=10, male: n=10) middle-age subjects (age: 37.25 ± 6.08 years, height: 168.01 ± 6.84 cm, weight: 71.37 ± 11.75 kg) participated in this study. Tensiomyography was measured on the erector spinae, and the isokinetic trunk muscle function test was measured at an angular velocity of 60 °/s and 90 °/s. All subjects performed the core stabilization exercises for 60 min per day, 3 times a week, for 7 weeks. A paired t-test was performed with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Tensiomyography of the erector spinae revealed a significant post-exercise increase in the maximum radial displacement (p < .05) and velocity of contraction (p < .05), however, there wasn't a significant post-exercise change in the contraction time. Additionally, the isokinetic muscle function test of the trunk revealed a significant post-exercise increase in trunk extensor relative strength (p < .05) and strength ratio (p < .05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that core stabilization exercises reduced erector spinae muscle stiffness, increased the velocity of erector spinae contraction. Additionally, data showed the improvement in the trunk extensor strength help induce a more balanced development in trunk muscle.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.297-308
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among isometric and isokinetic muscle strength, lean body mass(LBM) and bone mineral density(BMD) in the elderly. Eleven males(age, 70.27${\pm}$5.78yr; height, 167.36${\pm}$6.68 cm; weight, 68.34${\pm}$8.23 kg) and thirteen female(age, 69.77${\pm}$4.13yr; height, 152.80${\pm}$4.45 cm; weight, 56.86${\pm}$7.40 kg) participated in this study. In all subjects, LBM and BMD segments was measured by using Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA, Lunar DPS-DM, U.S.A.). Maximum isometric and isokinetic muscle strength of flexion and extension at the knee and elbow, ankle, trunk joints were measured by using an isokinetic dynamometer(CON-TREX(R) Multi Joint Testing Module, Switzerland). The results of this study showed that isometric and isokinetic muscle strength was significantly higher in extension than flexion. In the male and female, hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio(H:Q ratio) was increased as contraction velocity increased. BMD was correlated significantly with trunk extension in the male, but not in the female. LBM was correlated significantly in the male and female with knee extension strength. This study suggests that in the elderly muscle strength training program should put more weight on extensor muscles of the body.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.147-159
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• 2008

Objectives : In order to investigate the relation of body composition analysis and isokinetic trunk muscle strength for the screening test of low back pain. Methods : This study was carried out with the data from comprehensive medical testing. 75 subject aged 20-59 performed the segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis, isokinetic trunk muscle strength test and questionnaire. Then we analyzed the relationship of data. Results : Low back pain(LBP) prevalence in high obesity index(Body mass index(BMI), Percentage of Body Fat(PBF), Waist Hip Ratio(WHR)) group was higher than LBP prevalence in normal obesity index group(p<0.001). In LBP group, Extension Peak Torque(Ext.PT), Extension Peak Torque per Body Weight(Ext.PT/BW) were significantly lower than Non-LBP group(p<0.001). And 90% of LBP group indicated abnormal Extension-Flexion Ratio(E/F ratio)(1.0 < Normal E/F ratio <1.6). When it comes to analyze relation between obesity index and muscle strength, Ext.PT/BW was significantly decreased according to PBF, WHR score. And correlation coefficient in Flex.PT, Flex.PT/BW, Ext.PT, Ext.PT/BW and PBF showed decreasing function. Conclusions : Results from this investigation showed positive correlation between obesity and LBP prevalence. Decreased muscle strength and inbalanced E/F ratio were shown in LBP. Trunk muscle strength was changed according to body mass composition parameters. This results are expected to contribute to prevent and diagnose LBP by application the clinical index of body composition analysis.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of performing Pilates exercises for eight weeks on the isokinetic trunk strength and balance of female middle school students with lumbago. Methods: Twenty-four female students who met the test requirements were recruited and randomly divided into a control group (CG, n = 16) and a Pilates exercise group (Pilates group; PG, n = 8). The PG performed a Pilates program, which consisted of lumbar muscle strengthening exercises, for 60 minutes three times a week for eight weeks. Data analysis was conducted by two-way repeated ANOVA, and a Bonferroni test was carried out when significant differences appeared. The alpha level was set at 0.05. Results: Following the experimental treatment, the PG showed an increased trunk flexion peak torque of 17% and 13% at angular velocities of 180°/sec and 300°/sec, respectively. The intergroup comparison showed no significant difference at pre-measurement, while the PG increased about 31% (180°/sec) and 15% (300°/sec) higher than the control group at post-measurement. Following the experimental treatment, the PG showed an increased trunk extensor peak torque of approximately 29% and 21% at angular velocities of 180°/sec and 300°/sec, respectively. The intergroup comparison showed no significant difference at pre-measurement, while the PG increased approximately 27% (180°/sec) and 15% (300°/sec) higher than the control group at post-measurement. Both the CG and the PG showed a 20% and 50% decrease in pain index after the experimental treatment, respectively. After the experimental treatment, the PG had about 50% lower pain than the CG. The average error rate of static balance in the PG reduced by 19% from 3.28±0.45 to 2.65±0.36, confirming a significant improvement. Conclusion: Regular Pilates exercise for eight weeks improved the isokinetic trunk muscle strength of female middle school students with lumbago and relieved their pain. Pilates was also shown to be effective in improving balance.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.151-159
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the activation of the contralateral upper and lower extremities and trunk muscle during ipsilateral upper extremity diagonal isokinetic exercise. Methods: Twenty-one healthy male subjects with no history of shoulder injury undertook ipsilateral diagonal isokinetic exercise at 60, 120, and $180^{\circ}/sec$, utilizing a standard Biodex protocol. Muscle activation amplitudes were measured in the upper trapezius, pectoralis major, biceps brachii, rectus abdominis, external oblique, rectus femoris, adductor longus, and biceps femoris muscles using electromyography. A one-way analysis of variance and paired t-tests were conducted, and the data were analyzed using SPSS, version 21.0. Results: The results revealed no statistically significant interaction between motion and angular velocity and no statistically significant contralateral muscle activation according to angular velocity (p>0.05). However, they revealed statistically significant contralateral muscle activation according to motion (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the movements involved in contralateral upper extremity diagonal isokinetic exercise can enhance muscle strength in patients affected by stroke, fracture, burns, or arthritis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.57-69
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• 1998

The role of eccentric muscle activities in functional everyday activities and sport is important and equally significant to concentric conditions. Eccentric and concentric exercise and evaluation are, therefore, very important. The purposes of this study were to measure eccentric md concentric peak torgue, percentage of peak torque, average power and percentage of average power of trunk flexors and extensors by using the Cybex NORM isokinetic dynamometer, and to standardize the value obtained. Thirty four young volunteers were tested, 17 females and 17 males, who had no history of back pain or abnormality. Each subjects were tested on three repetitions for isokinetic concentric and eccentric contraction at 5 velocities. The results were as follows; 1) Peak torque percent body weight of eccentric contraction were significantly greater than concentric contraction at each angular velocity and in trunk flexors and extensors(p<0.01). 2) Peak torque percent body weight of concentric contraction were significantly decreased as the angular velocity increased both male and female(p<0.01). 3) Peak torque percent body weight of eccentric contraction were not significantly changed as the angular velocity increased both male and female(p<0.05), 4) Peak torque percent body weight of male were significantly greater than female at each angular velocity and in concentric and eccentric contraction of trunk flexors and extensors(p<0.01)

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2021

This study is to identify the effects of pilates exercise on the body composition, blood biochemical factor, isokinetic knee and trunk muscle function in menopause middle-aged women. In order to carry out this study, Twenty menopause middle-aged women were divided into two groups: pilates exercise group (PEG; n=10) and control group (CG; n=10). PEG group performed pilates exercise for 50 min per day, 2days/week for 12 weeks. As a result, first, there was an interaction effect on body fat mass in body composition. Second, there was no significant result in blood lipid and serotonin, but there was a positive trend. Third, in the isokinetic knee and trunk muscle function, the interaction effect was found in the flexor peak torque of trunk strength. The effect of the 12-week Pilates exercise on body composition, bone density, blood biochemical factor, and isokinetic muscular strength of menopause middle-aged women is partially insignificant, but the overall effect tends to be positive. In conclusion, the Pilates exercise conducted in this study is appropriate for menopause middle-aged women.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.113-124
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of strengthening program for improving the muscle strength and body function in rehabilitation of patients with stroke Methods : We found the 15 precedent studies at online portal site of "Korea education and Research information service" and found 5 precedent studies at "Pubmed". We analyzed and describe the total 19 studies involving national and international research. Results : The strengthening exercise was adapted to lower extremities and trunk muscle of participants and the isokinetic (concentric and eccentric) exercise was most of exercise type and then manual isometric exercise, functional activities, progressive task oriented resistance exercise, PNF pattern exercise was following. The studies reported that the strengthening program increased target muscle strength and improved balance capacity and walking function for the participants positively. Conclusion : Conclusionally the several strengthening program can be the intervention to increase the muscle strength without increasing spasticity for patients with stroke. We think that the strengthening of lower extremities an improve balance capacity and walking ability and it can use the intervention to change the quality of life in patients with stroke. More than 3weeks strength program might be effectiveness, in case of acute patients with stroke, the improving of muscle strength is available but need to study for improving balance and walking capacity more in the future.