• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.381-389
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• 2000

The Jindo is a Korean native dog, well-known for its hunting and guarding abilities. When he gives his devotion to one individual, he gives it whole-heartedly. He is not tempted easily and impetuous. The breed was not developed. but the dog retained their original qualities -loyal, alert, fearless, obedient, watchful, intelligent, energetic- to survive in the harsh environment of the Jindo island. The dog had been spread over the entire Korean peninsula from the time unknown, and the ones in the Jindo island, isolated until lately, survived and maintained their original characteristics. They are now spread over the entire Jindo County consisted of many islands, whence the breed name came. The Jindo comes in a variety of colors and color combinations, with the fawn and white colorings predominant. The dog is one of the Korean natural monuments, protected by law since early 1960s. The Jindo gained official approval by the Federation Cynologique Internationale as a hunting dog. Apart from the basic housetraining, the dog rarely gets training. Many people have attempted to preserve its pure bloodlines and original qualities. Today, there are a total of 10,356 Jindoes being raised over the entire Jindo County, and many more are kept elsewhere. A research into genetic characteristics of the Jindo is now going on, using the technique of isozyme electrophoresis. The Jindo Dog Breeding Management Center has been reinforced lately, and in addition to their routines, the Center is to work on the breeding of the Jindo. Efforts should be made in the future to produce stable, trustworthy Jindoes according to their proposed use and to modify their temperament in order to make it more widely acceptable as a pet and companion dog in the strangers home.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 2022

Blood type in dogs is based on the antigen present on the red blood cell surface. Dog erythrocyte antigen 1 is a crucial red blood cell antigen in dogs, whereas the dog erythrocyte antigen 7 has been studied in limited dog breeds worldwide. To assess the prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigens 1 and 7 in 11 breeds in the Republic of Korea, 624 dog blood samples were examined for antigen detection. Overall, 520 dogs (83.3%) showed dog erythrocyte antigen 1 expression. The distribution varied from 50.0~100.0% according to the breed. Dog erythrocyte antigen 1-positive blood type was the highest in Chihuahua (100%), followed by Jindo dog (98.5%), and Sapsaree (95.3%). Dog erythrocyte antigen 7 was positive in 125 dogs (20.0%), and the positivity varied from 5.0~42.9% according to the breed. Dog erythrocyte antigen 7-positive blood type was the highest in Beagle (42.9%), followed by Chihuahua (37.5%), and Jindo dog (27.8%). The high prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigen 1 is because of the high proportion of Jindo dog and Sapsaree breeds that were mostly positive for the antigen. The high abundance of these breeds could be due to inbreeding and local breeding in the Republic of Korea. To our best knowledge, this study is the first to report on the prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigens 1 and 7 among various canine breeds in the Republic of Korea. The prevalence data obtained from this study may contribute to baseline information on veterinary transfusion medicine in small animal practice.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.253-256
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics within ages and freezing tolerance of spermatozoa in Jindo Dog. Experimental animals were selected 12 herds within 1~8 year's old and collected semen for 2 times in a week. Collected semen was evaluated whole volume and sperm number with CASA system (SIAS, Medical Supply, Korea). Then seminal plasma were separated and diluted with modified Tris-egg yolk extender and added 4, 6 and 8% glycerol for 4 times to final concentration and equilibrated for 1.5 hrs. Before and after freezing, equilibrated semen were evaluated the survival rates. Total volume of sperm at 1~2 year old group is as $5.2{\times}10^8\;cells/ml$ largest and there were no significance among groups. The motility of 1~2 year old group is highest as 90.9% and there were significance among groups. Abnormal sperm showed similar among groups. The survival rate in terms of pre-freezing and post-freezing were decreased all levels of glycerol and reveled 87.0% to 64.5% in 4%, 87.5% to 51.9% in 6% and 73.4% to 29.7% in 8%, there were significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that the optimal sperm-freezing methods in Jindo Dog are utilized with modified Tris egg-yolk extender with 4% glycerol and were improve the reproductive activity by these methods.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the semen characteristic, motility and viability and sperm motion characteristic by CASA test for establishing the Jindo-dog's semen freezing system. The results obtained are as follow: 1. The semen was collected 63 times. Average volume of semen, concentration of sperm, total number of sperm, progressive motility and viability were 3.8 $m\ell$ 145.6$\times$10$^{6}$ cells/$m\ell$, 396.2 x10$^{8}$ cells, 79.7% and 89.5%, respectively. Also, Fawn (Yellow) Jindo-dog comparing with White Jindo-dog showed better concentration of sperm, total number of sperm, progressive motility and viability. Among all dogs, the results of No. 2 Fawn Jindo-dog were the best. 2. The average progressive motility and viability of semen from 46 times were 73.5%, 82.3% before freezing and 51.1%, 64.9% after freezing. So, the freezing of semen has affected the progressive motility and viability. The progressive motility and viability of Fawn Jindo-dog's semen, before and after freezing, were better than White Jindo-dog. And No. 2 Fawn Jindo-dog showed the best results and showed significantly different among all dogs (P<0.05). 3. The 44 times-tested .esults by CASA system were as follow; MOT (motility) 65.6%. PROG (progressive motility) 54.8%, VAP (average path velocity) 75.3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/sec, VCL (curve linear velocity) 90.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/sec, VSL (straight-line velocity) 69.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/sec and ALH (amplitude of lateral head displacement) 4.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Although the motion characteristic of frozen semen were not significantly different between White and Fawn Jindo-dog, No. 2 Fawn Jindo-dog showed the best results and was significantly different among all dogs (P<0.05). 4. The success rate of frozen semen production between White and Fawn Jindo-dog were 43% (13/28), 94% (33/35), respectively, and the total success rate was 73% (46/63). The freezing-ability of Fawn Jindo-dog's semen was better than the other. Conclusively, the present results indicated that the characteristic and motility of Jindo-dog') semen were suitable for processing frozen semen, artificial insemination and mass production system. Also, the selection of suitable dog-breed was so important because the characteristic and freezing-ability of semen were significantly different between White and Fawn Jindo-dogs and among all individual dogs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1071-1074
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• 2005

Microsatellite polymorphism and their genetic relationships were estimated using genotype information of 183 dogs from 11 microsatellite loci. The breeds include the indigenous Korean breeds Jindo dog (30), Poongsan dog (20) and Miryang dog (44) together with Chihauhau dog (31) and German Shepherd dog (58). Jindo dogs showed the highest expected heterozygosity (0.796${\pm}$0.030) and polymorphic information contents (0.755) in all populations. The phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of two distinct clusters supported by high bootstrap values: the Korean native dogs and other dogs. They clearly show that Poongsan dog and Miryang dog are closely related to each other when compared with Jindo dog. Microsatellite polymorphism data was shown to be useful for estimating the genetic relationship between Korean native dogs and other dog breeds, and also can be applied for parentage testing in those dog breeds.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.74-76
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• 1996

A case of ovarian teratoma is reported in a 11-year-old female Korean Jindo dog. Grossly, the left ovary was markedly enlarged ($5{\times}4{\times}4 cm in size$) and contained several cystic spaces filled with hairs and yellowish, fragile deratinous material on cross section. Histological observation of the hair and keratin containing cystic structures lined by stratified squamous epithelium, mature adipose tissue, and bone and cartilage is compatible with a diagnosis of ovarian teratoma, pyometra was also present in this dog. This is believed to be the first report on canine ovarian teratoma in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.238-245
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• 2009

This study was performed to develop ethogram of the Jindo dog's temperament categories under various conditions. A set of 12 behavioral tests were developed to investigate temperament categories expressed by the dogs. Fourty-three adult Jindo dogs(24 males, 19 females) from three different farms located in Jindo island were tested in 12 different behavioral tests. All test procedures and dog's behaviors responded to the tests were recorded using two digital video cameras and one digital still camera. A single observer reviewed all of the videotapes focused on dog's vocalization, movement, head, ears, eyes, mouth, and tail-positions. After all of the behavioral variables expressed throughout the testing period were described in detail, an ethogram of four temperament categories of 'sociability', 'aggression', 'fearfulness', and 'submission' revealed by 12 behavioral tests was developed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 with DEA 1.1 and DEA 1.2 on 122 Jindo dogs (29 males, 93 females) from 2014 to 2015 using a monoclonal antibody card kit (blood typing card kit, Korea Animal Blood Bank Inc., South Korea). Among the tested dogs, 14.8% (18/122) were positive for the DEA 1.1 antigen and 85.2% (104/122) were positive for the DEA 1.2 antigen. The prevalence of positive types for the DEA 1.2 antigen was significantly higher than the DEA 1.1 antigen (P<0.01). The prevalence of positive types for the DEA 1.1 antigen was higher in white-haired Jindo dogs than yellow-haired dogs (P<0.05). However, there was no gender difference in the prevalence of the DEA 1.1 antigen (P=0.665). The incidence of sensitization after the first transfusion without blood group test was 12.6% and the incidence of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction after the second transfusion in the same immunized dogs was 1.6%. Therefore, the blood group test for the DEA 1 antigen should be performed for Jindo dogs to ensure safe and effective transfusion therapy and further studies remain to be conducted for other DEAs among Jindo dogs.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.195-199
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• 2010

This studies were conducted to investigate the survival rate of frozen-thawed spermatozoa of Jindo Dog by monosaccharide and freezing rates. Experimental animals were prepared 12 males within 1~8 year's old and collected once in a couple of weeks by digital manuplation methods. Collected semen was diluted 1:1 with Tris-egg yolk extender and added 4, 6 or 8% of glycerol and none, 4 mM glucose or 4 mM fructose as cryoprotectant and was equilibrated for 2 hrs in $4^{\circ}C$. In monosaccharide groups, the freezing rate was 5 cm-5 min. above $LN_2$. The survival rates without monosaccharide were $50.7{\pm}19.0%$, $58.6{\pm}18.0%$, $40.0{\pm}10.0%$ in 4, 6 or 8% glycerol, respectively. In addition of glucose, the survival rates were $43.1{\pm}14.7%$, $38.1{\pm}16.5%$, $33.3{\pm}4.0%$ in 4, 6 or 8% glycerol, respectively and in fructose, were $47.9{\pm}21.1%$, $61.3{\pm}6.2%$, $34.3{\pm}12.6%$ in 4, 6 or 8% glycerol, respectively. There showed significantly different between glycerol groups and monosaccharides groups (p<0.05). The survival rates of freezing rate in 5 cm-5 min. group was $64.5{\pm}15.8%$, $51.9{\pm}27.6%$, $29.7{\pm}24.8%$ and in 10 cm-10 min. group was $62.5{\pm}20.3%$, $64.9{\pm}23.6%$, $34.5{\pm}27.4%$ in 4, 6 or 8% glycerol, respectively. There were significantly different between freezing rates (p<0.05). These results suggest that the addition of fructose with 6%-glycerol and slow freezing improve the survival of frozen-thawed sperm in Jindo Dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.349-353
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• 2023

A 2-year-old outdoor, spayed, female Korean Jindo dog was referred for thoracic and abdominal masses. Diagnostic imaging revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and a significant amount of pleural effusion. The cytological evaluation of the pleural effusion and fine-needle aspiration of the mediastinal lymph nodes confirmed the presence of fungal hyphae. The histopathological examination of the mediastinal lymph nodes stained with Grocott's methenamine silver revealed fungal mycelia, and Aspergillus terreus was identified based on fungal DNA sequencing. Thus, the dog was diagnosed with disseminated canine aspergillosis caused by A. terreus. This case report describes a rare case of disseminated canine aspergillosis caused by A. terreus in a Korean Jindo dog.