• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.311-330
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of meal and dietary habits of college students according to where they reside. This survey included 260 students and was conducted through questionnaires. The subjects were divided into three groups: first group was composed of students who reside in boarding-houses(BH group, N=72), second was students who reside in self-boarding set up(SB group, N=90), and third was those who lived in the same house with their parents(HWP group, N=98). The average age of the students in the BH, SB, and HWP group were 19.7 yrs, 21.1 yrs, and 21.7 yrs, respectively. There were no significant differences in the weight, height and BMI among the three groups. The BH group had significantly higher frequency of skipping breakfast and smoking than those of the SB and HWP groups. The amount of energy, food, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals consumed in the BH group were significantly higher than in the SB and HWP groups. Similarly, the NAR(nutrient adequacy ratio), MAR (mean adequacy ratio), ND(nutrient density) and INQ(index of nutritional quality) of the BH group were significantly higher than those in the SB and HWP groups. There was no significant difference in the KDDS(Korean's Diet Diversity Score) between the three groups. From the data obtained, the SB and HWP students appeared to have more dietary problems than the BH students. These results show that nutrition education for SB and HWP students is needed in order for them to learn proper dietary management and help improve the diet of students living in self-boarding arrangements.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.352-363
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop a proper teaching strategy to raise students' interests and creative problem-solving ability in science. And the result of applying this developed teaching strategy to elementary science lesson were compared with that of traditional science lesson. For comparison, two classes of $5^{th}$ grade in S elementary school in B city were selected. After pre-test, one class, experimental group, took a science lesson applying developed teaching strategy and other class, comparative group, took a traditional science lesson. After respective lesson, two classes did post test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, IAAI(Interest-Activities-Attainment-Initiation) teaching strategy was developed. IAAI teaching strategy was composed of 4 stages which were (1)interest in science, (2)science experiment activities, (3)attainment to science knowledge, (4)initiation of creative thinking and 4 stages were progressed in serial order in science lesson. Second, after lessons, the experimental group achieved higher mark in the test of science academic achievement than the comparative group and it was statistically meaningful difference. Third, after lessons, the experimental group was more improved in science-related attitudes than the comparative group and it was statistically meaningful difference. Fourth, after the lesson, the experimental group was more improved than the comparative group in the creativity test and the difference was statistically meaningful.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nursing education in diabetes patient, and to define the strategy to promote their sick-roll behavior, self efficacy. The quasi-experimental design was designed non-equivalent control group, non-synchronized design. The study had been done by investigating the experimental group and control group through the questionnaire on 58 patients who had been hospitalized and visiting out-patient department in K hospital in Pusan from June 1, 1998 to September 30, 1998. Individual diabetes education was carried out experimental group for the average 45 minutes. Self-efficacy was measured by Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Instrument developed by Park(1984). Data was collected before and after the experimentation. Collected data was analyzed by means of frequency, percentage, chi-square test, mean, standard deviation, and t-test with SPSS/PC program. The results were summarized as follows : 1. 'The experimental group which received the individual diabetes education should be higher in self-efficacy than control group' was not supported. 2. 'The experimental group which received the individual diabetes education should be higher in sick-roll behavior than control group' was not supported(P=.043). In conclusion, the patient who received individual diabetes education showed the increase in degree of sick - roll behavior of diabetes patients. So individual diabetes education had been judged the nursing intervention to improve sick-roll behavior of diabetes patients. But there was no effect about self-efficacy so to have the program which can improve self-efficacy is needed.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2015

This study aimed to determine the effects of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) using music and a metronome on the gait of stroke patients. 13 female and 15 male volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups: namely a group to receive RAS using music and a metronome group (the experimental group; $n_1=14$) and a group to receive RAS using a metronome only (the control group; $n_2=14$). The affected side was the left side in 15 subjects and the right side in 13 subjects. The mean age of the subjects was 56.6 years, and the mean onset duration of stroke was 8.6 months. Intervention was applied for 30 minutes per session, once a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. To measure the patients' gait improvement, we measured gait velocity, cadence, stride length, double limb support using GAITRite, body center sway angle using an accelerometer, and Timed Up-and-Go test. Functional Gait Assessment were conducted before and after the experiment. The paired t-test was used for comparisons before and after the interventions in each group. Analysis of covariance was used for comparisons between the groups after the interventions. Statistical significance was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Within each of the two groups, significant differences in all of the dependent variables before and after the experiment (p<.05) were observed. However, in the comparison between the two groups, the experimental group showed more significant improvements in all dependent variables than the control group (p<.05). Our results also suggest that in applying RAS in stroke patients, the combination of music and a metronome is more effective than using a metronome alone in improving patients' gait.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of a combined exercise program and telephone counseling in obese middle-aged women. The study also attempted to measure the effects of the program on physiological functions, self-efficacy and depression. Method: This research employed a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group consisted of 29 obese middle-aged women, and the control group of 30 women. The subjects in the experimental group participated in a combined exercises program and telephone counseling for 12 weeks. Results: After performing the program for 12 weeks, BMI (p=.000), percent body fat (p<.007), TC (p=.026), TG (p=.035) and depression (p=.012) in the experimental group decreased significantly compared with the control group. Self-efficacy (p=.000) in the experimental group increased significantly compared with the control group after the program. Conclusion: From these findings, it was confirmed that a combined exercises program and telephone counseling for obese middle-aged women can increase self-efficacy and decrease BMI, percent body fat, total cholesterol, triglyceride and depression. Therefore, this program can be utilized for various population groups including women, and further researches are required on programs for men.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2017

Objective: The study purpose was to develop a drug information leaflet for the elderly and to evaluate it with performance-based user-testing. Methods: We performed a stratified randomized controlled trial. We recruited 62 elderly patients with age of 65 or above who were taking antidiabetic medications at the point of participating and excluded those who suffered illiteracy. We randomly allocated them into the intervention group with a leaflet for the elderly and the control group with a leaflet for the general public. Main outcome measures were to 'be able to find information' and to 'be able to understand information.' We measured outcome variables by employing performance-based user-testing and analyzed data to find any differences between two groups with t-tests, chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact tests accordingly. Results: More participants in the intervention group understood how to store their medications than those in the control group (intervention group 93% vs. control group 70%; p=0.02). There were no significant differences in other information items between two groups. Mostly 'being able to understand information' was lower than 'being able to find information.' The gaps between two outcome variables were about 10% in the intervention group and about 18% in the control group. The lowest understanding was observed in information relating to drug names and their potential adverse events. Conclusion: Without providing personalized drug information, it might be hard for the elderly to improve their drug knowledge even with leaflets that were developed specifically for the elderly.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.538-551
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• 2010

This study examined the beneficial effects of the science experiment program for Low-Income Family Children (LIFC) on their science attitude, self-esteem, self-competence, and creativity. The study involved 432 elementary school children of Low-Income Family who were divided two groups as an experimental group with 228 and a control group with 204. The experimental group was given by the science experimental program, whereas the control group was given by ordinary education programs for LIFC, such as supplementary education or after school care. The data about science attitude, creativity, self-esteem, and self-competence of two group children's were collected and analyzed by four kinds of tests on each domain before and after implementing the science experiment program. During the period of the science experiment program, the children who were given the program were observed and reported by the program lecturers and the teachers, who worked at the after school care. The results are as follows; First, there was statistically significant increase on the average points of the experimental group on the three domains except self-esteem from the intra-group analysis. Second, there was also statistically significance between the scores of two groups on the creativity, self-esteem, self-competence from the inter-group analysis. Third, it was reported that the children who were experienced the program were changed positive on their personality and school learning.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.555-562
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• 2005

이 연구에서는 개념 변화 수업에서 협동적 학습 환경의 효과를 개념 이해도, 성취도, 과학 학습 동기, 과학 수업에 대한 태도 및 수업 참여도에 대한 인식 측면에서 조사하였다. 1개 남녀 공학 중학교의 2학년 2개 학급을 비교 집단과 처치 집단으로 각각 배치하고, '물질의 특성' 단원의 밀도, 끓는점, 어는점, 용해도에 대하여 11차시 동안 수업을 실시하였다. 처치집단에서는 협동적 개념 변화 수업을 실시하였고, 비교 집단에서는 개별적 개념 변화 수업을 실시하였다. Mann-Whitney Test 결과, 처치 집단의 개념 검사 점수와 성취도 검사 점수가 비교 집단에 비해 유의미하게 높았으며, 처치 집단의 수업 참여도에 대한 인식이 비교 집단에 비해 더 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 이원 공변량 분석 결과, 처치 집단의 학습 동기 검사 점수가 비교 집단에 비해 유의미하게 높았으나, 과학 수업에 대한 태도에서는 두 집단 간에 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2002

Causes of infertility include a wide range of physical, as well as emotional factors. In Oriental medicine, women's infertility is believed to be caused by the deficiency of the Chung and Ren vessel. Then the Kidney Qi is collapsed and cold. Many infertility women complain the cold hypersensitivity and/or body coldness, especially on the lower abdomen, back and knee. The aim of this study is to examine the interrelationship between infertility and body surface temperature. The 25 infertility women were allocated as infertility group and 25 fertility women (experienced delivery or pregnancy), as control group at the Kangnam Korean Hospital, KyungHee University, Seoul, Korea, from April to December 2000. Thermographic observations for this study were made using the Dorex DITI on 3 different areas's cold hypersensitivity: lower abdomen, back and knee. All data were coded for computer analysis and significances were tested by Mann-Whitney Test. The mean ${\Delta}T$ for abdomen cold hypersensitivity was $0.25{\pm}1.77^{\circ}C$ On control group and $1.00{\pm}0.39^{\circ}C$, infertility group. The mean ${\Delta}T$ for back cold hypersensitivity was $1.75{\pm}0.40^{\circ}C$ on control group and $1.21{\pm}0.58^{\circ}C$, infertility group. The mean ${\Delta}T$ for knee cold hypersensitivity was $0.65{\pm}0.70^{\circ}C$ on control group and $1.32{\pm}0.58^{\circ}C$, infertility group. It was revealed that the cold hypersensitivity on the lower abdomen, back and knee are significantly inter-related to the women infertility. These results do not conflict with the view of Oriental medicine. According to the above results, it is concluded that the body surface temperature, cold hypersensitivity and/or body coldness, have a great effect on women infertility.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.483-492
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to assess the recolonization of the subgingival microflora following scaling and root planing on single and multiroot teeth with periodontal pockets which were above 5mm. 7 patients with deep pockets were selected for this study. They had not taken antibiotics for 6 months and no history of dental treatment for 6 months before the study. After initial clinical(plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth), microbiological and BANA test were determined, each subject received a single session of scaling and root planing, but they were not received oral hygiene instructions. Clinical indices, microbial parameters and BANA test were reassessed 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment. The results were as follows : 1. Plaue index, gingival index and pocket depth were not significantly when compared single root group with multiroot group, both groups were siginficantly reduced at 2weeks in plaque index and 2, 4 weeks in gingival index(P<0.05), probing pocket depth was siginificantly changed at 2, 4weeks in multiroot teeth group and 4 weeks in single root teeth group(P<0.05). 2. Percentage of cocci was significantly increased at 4weeks in single root teeth group(P<0.05), motile rod was significantly changed at 4weeks in both group(P<0.05), spirochetes and nonmotile rods were not significantly changed. 3. BANA test was significantly reduced at 1 and 2 weeks (P<0.05) in single root teeth group, multiroot teeth group was not significantly all weeks. This results were suggested that clinical and microbiological effect following scaling and root planing on periodontal disease.