• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Purpose: This research aims to facilitate a smooth transition from KCD-8 to ICD-11 through the study of ICD-11. Research design, data and methodology: Skilled Health Information Managers (HIMs) in Korea performed manual mapping and conducted a study of the code structure of ICD-11 chapters 11 and 12. Results: When comparing the granularity between ICD-11 and KCD-8, 58.1% of ICD-11 codes showed higher granularity, and 38.6% had similar granularity. The granularity of the circulatory system was higher than that of the respiratory system. When comparing the KCD-8 codes mapped by ICD-11 with the total 924 KCD-8 codes, it was found that about 50% of KCD-8 codes were not mapped to ICD-11. This means that 50% of diseases in the KCD-8 do not have individual codes as they did in ICD-11. Conclusions: ICD-11 demonstrated high granularity, indicating its effectiveness in describing cutting-edge medical technology in modern society. However, we also observed that some diseases were removed from KCD-8, while others were added to ICD-11. To ensure smooth statistics transition from KCD8 to ICD-11, especially for leading domestic diseases, integrated management, including the preparation of KCD-9 reflecting ICD-11 and ICD-11 training, will be necessary through the analysis of new codes and the removal of codes.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.47-68
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review and propose improvements for the Romanization and English expressions in the WHO international classification of diseases 11th revision beta version (ICD-11b) traditional medicine chapter. Methods : ICD-11b as of October 5, 2015, was reviewed. Romanization and English expressions were analyzed with reference to existing standards such as the Basic Principles of Romanization stipulated by the National Institute of Korean Language, and the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD), suggested improvements followed. Results : Following the Basic Principles of Romanization, 131 ICD-11b rubrics need improvement in the Romanization of Korean. When compared to KCD-6 comparable rubrics, 161 ICD-11b rubrics are the same and 64 are different. When compared to KCD-7 comparable rubrics, 118 ICD-11b rubrics are the same, and 51 are different. In KCD-6, there are 127 rubrics that do not match with items in ICD-11b. In KCD-7, there are 123 rubrics that do not match with items in ICD-11b. Conclusions : ICD-11b may be improved by correcting the Romanization and consideration of English expressions suggested in this study.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 2004

The efficacy of Kohl-Chikni Dawa (KCD), a compound ophthalmic formulation of Unani medicine, to control cataract development was explored in rats fed 25% galactose with the diet for 6 months. When one drop of 3% KCD solution was applied (once and twice daily) in both eyes for 6 months in galactose-fed rats, a significant reduction of lens opacification was noticed. The morphological changes of the lenses were observed every month by slit-lamp biomicroscope. These results suggest that the local application of 3% KCD solution possesses anticataract effect in galactose-fed rats.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.459-468
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• 2010

International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) is widely used as a crucial reference not only in the medical diagnosis of diseases but also within the health insurance system. It makes possible for medical personnel to make decisions systematically and for the people working in the health insurance or public health industries to better understand medical issues. However, this classification is often not enough or acceptable in a clinical setting. Many countries amend in their own way to make it more appropriate for their people. Korean Classification of Disease (KCD-5) was made by adding a 5 digit code for some diseases to clarify the conditions of the patients. The authors found problems of KCD-5 in temporomandibular disorders and several related medical problems. Medical treatment for these problems had not been covered even by public health insurance until 2000 in Korea. For the last decade, private insurance companies have introduced new items for reimbursement of the treatment fees the patients actually pay. The authors assumed that many patients with these medical problems encountered difficulties in the reimbursement from private insurance companies because KCD-5 did not classify these medical conditions appropriately. An overview of KCD-5 and suggestions for improvement are introduced in this study.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.53-61
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• 2016

Objectives : The study was aimed to analyze the correlation between Herbology and contemporary research results, KCD-codes, and terms. The study will present information that can be used to find the direction of further researches and be applied to the education of Herbology. Methods : Papers were searched in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and KISS. Papers were then categorized as "medicine and pharmacy articles" or "articles unrelated to medicine and pharmacy." Medicine or pharmacy articles about Clerodendri Trichotomi Folium were matched with treatments in Herbology and KCD-codes. Medicine and pharmacy articles not researching Clerodendri Trichotomi Folium mainly, and articles unrelated to medicine and pharmacy were categorized and analyzed. KCD-codes and terms were arranged by treatments in Herbology. Research types, the number of papers, and the citation count were arranged by each treatment in Herbology. Degrees of Herbology research were represented as a number and a graph. Results : There were 25 Medicine and pharmacy articles about Clerodendri Trichotomi Folium, 6 medicine and pharmacy articles which did not studied Clerodendri Trichotomi Folium mainly. Among in vivo researched herbology treatments, Hypertension scored 47, migraine scored 47, and abscess and scabies scored 53. Conclusions : The category 'Abscess and scabies' was the most researched treatment in Herbology. Of the medicine and pharmacy articles that did not match treatments in Herbology, there were in vivo researching on reflux oesophagitis, Malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung, and that of breast which can be used in the Herbology education field.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to suggest the future direction of diagnostic and evaluative pattern identification questionnaire (PIQ) by reviewing the state of development and utilization of PIQ according to Korean classification of disease-U (KCD-U). We surveyed the database of OASIS, NDSL, KISS, DBPIA, and Pub-med to know the kinds of developed and developing PIQ of Korean medicine. We used 'Pattern Identification' and 'Questionnaire' to find suitable papers. The inclusion criteria met 47 cases. The number of PIQ before 2000yrs, between 2001 to 2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015 were 2, 5, 18, 22cases. The number of PIQ belonged to the disease of Korean medicine, the pathological symptom of korean medicine, the Sasang constitutional pattern identification and etc according to KCD-U were 20(42.6%), 8(17%), 9(19.1%) and 10(21.3%). Twenties among forty seven PIQ were validated, and the rest of them were not validated. The distribution of the numbers of PIQ were significantly different according to KCD-U (p=0.003). The direction of Utilization of PIQ was 36 questionnaires in diagnosing PI, 14 cases in evaluating health state, 4cases in evaluating effects of a treatment and 8 ones in diagnosing Sasang constitutional types. This study reveals the status on validated and non-validated PIQ of Korean medicine and suggests the basic information for the direction of developing PIQ in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze the KCD codes applied to the treatment of 27 postpartum women who had been treated with Korean traditional medicine in a Korean medicine hospital, so that this study may be used as a basic data for setting the direction of postpartum Korean medical treatment research. Methods: It was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University medical center (IRB approval number : WSOH IRB H1708-02-01). Twenty-seven postpartum women who had been treated at ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University medical center were received outpatient treatment for two weeks (from September 27, 2017 to January 5, 2018), and the KCD codes applied to the mothers were collected after obtaining the consent. On the day of registration of the study, the fertility, obstetric history and high-risk pregnancies were identified through an interview. Results: 1. The mean age of the 27 subjects was $33.33{\pm}3.99\;years$ old. Among the subjects, 17 mothers (63.0%) were high-risk pregnancy and 10 mothers (37.0%) were normal. 2. Among the 22 major disease categories, 8 categories were used. M code (musculoskeletal system) was used 243 times (70.85%), followed by R code (unclassified symptom) of 51 times (14.87%) and U code (special purpose code) of 23 times (6.71%). 3. The most commonly used code among the ten frequently used codes was M25.57 (joint pain, ankle and foot), a total of 47 times. Of the remaining nine codes, except for R60.1 (systemic edema) and U68.4 (The deficiency of yang in Bi), all codes were M codes (musculoskeletal system). 4. The M code (musculoskeletal system) was the most used major disease category in high-risk group, a total of 159 times. But in specific categories, the most commonly used code was R60.1 (systemic edema), a total of 28 times. 5. In normal group, the M code (musculoskeletal system) was the most used major disease category, a total of 84 times. Also, in specific categories, the most commonly used code was M25.57 (joint pain, ankle and foot), total 29 times. 6. The U code, corresponding to 'the diagnosis of childbirth and other obstetrical medical use', was used 23 times (6.71%), O code three times (0.87%) and Z code two times (0.58%), which was less than 10% of the total number of codes used. Conclusion: When analyzing KCD codes related to Korean medicine treatment for postpartum diseases, it is important to select the KCD codes that reflect the actual clinical state.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.52-64
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• 2002

Background : Coding of principal diagnosis is essential component for producing reliable health statistics. We performed this study to evaluate the current practice of principal diagnoses determination and coding, and to give some basic data to improve coding of principal diagnosis. Method : Nineteen medical record administrators (MRAs) of 3 university hospitals participated in coding principal Dx. from August 1, 2001 to August 31, 2001. From each hospital, 10 medical records of patients with high frequency disease were selected randomly. Each 10 medical records were grouped into three (A. B, C). Then, these 30 medical records were given to each MRAs for coding. At the same time questionnaire was given to each of them. Questions were to prove how they decide and code the principal diagnosis among many current diagnoses; how they decide and code the principal diagnosis when they see irrelevant diagnosis recorded as the principal diagnosis in medical record, when only tentative diagnoses were recorded without final diagnosis, and when different diagnoses were recorded in different sheets of same record. Agreement of coding among 3 hospitals were compared and survey results were analysed with SAS 6.12. Results : Agreement of coding was found in medical records 5-6 of each 10 medical records. Causes of disagreement were as follows. Difference of clinician's opinion from each hospital; mixed use of guideline from KCD-3 and guideline from DRG; difference in 4th digit classification according to the absence of pathology report in the medical record; difference of abbreviations among hospitals. 57.9% of MRAs selected the principal diagnosis recorded by physician, 42.1% of MRAs decided principal diagnosis after consulting to KCD-3 guideline. When there were difficulties in determining the principal diagnosis, 42.1% of MRAs decided principal diagnosis after discussion with the physician, 26.3% after discussion with fellow MRAs. Conclusion : There were differences in codings among hospitals. To minimize the difference, we suggest the development of disease-specific guidelines for coding in addition to the current general guideline such as KCD-3. To do this, Coding Clinic which can produce guidelines is needed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.1349-1355
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of additional administration of Banha-sasim-tang formulation to patients with gastrointestinal symptoms that did not improve with Western medicines. Methods: The patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. A paired t-test was performed on the Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K) scores before and after administering the Banha-sasim-tang formulation. Results: A total of 27 subjects were included. The mean duration of taking the Banha-sasim-tang formulation was 15.6±3.1 days. The most commonly used Western medicine before taking the Banha-sasim-tang formulation was rebamipide. The means of the NDI-K score were 57.4±21.8 before administering Banha-sasim-tang formulation and 34.9±16.5 after administration, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). No serious side effects were encountered while taking the Banha-sasim-tang formulation. Conclusions: For patients whose gastrointestinal symptoms do not improve with Western medicines, additional administration of Banha-sasim-tang formulation may be an option. However, as this study is a retrospective chart review, prospective, large-scale, double-blind studies are needed in the future.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.57-65
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to figure out the relationship between the residence stories in high-rise condominium and residents' disease patterns throughout the dweller's medical reports. Research basic data are obtained from medical fee request of National Health Insurance Corporation. Data are limited to 'A' high-rise condominium and a medical treatment time to 3 years (2004. 1-2006, 12). Data for analysis are composed of total 346,286 medical records, 43,159 disease records, and 8,999 personal records. Data are stored by sex, age, building story, residence story, visiting year and month, treatment days, main disease type (KCD-4). Treatment number, disease type and asthma in disease records and personal records are statistically analyzed by residence story considering age. Findings are as follows: 1) Women have more medical treatments than men, 40-50 age group is more treated, and the residents of 6-25 stories are more received medical treatments. According to KCD-4, diseases of the respiratory system and diseases of the eye and adnexa are relatively treated higher than other diseases. 2) The diseases of he respiratory system, the eye and adnexa, the skin and subcutaneous issue, the ear and mastoid process, and the asthma have not relation to the high-storied residence through the data of disease records and personal records. But the analysis on the data of children, age 7 and less, showed a significant relation. to conclude, there is no relationship between the residence of high-stories in the condominium and residents' disease patterns, but there is a little probable to the relationship in the pre-school child.