• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.244-251
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• 1998

KG101 was developed by the Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute. We reported about yield trials and local adaptability test. Growth characteristics and red ginseng quality of KG101 in local performance test can be summarized as follows. Aerial parts growth, stem and leaf, was similar about KG101 and Jakyungjong, 4-year old and 6-year old ginseng. Emergence rate of KG101 was higher than Jakyungjong in the 3 location of local performance test. Taproot diameter of KG101 was smaller than Jakyungjong and taproot shape of KG101 had fitted characteristics, radish type and human body type, to manufactured red ginseng. Raw ginseng grade, 1st and 2nd of KG101 was higher than Jakyungjong's. Chun, Jeesam ratio to manufacture of 2nd grade of raw ginseng of KG101 was 25%, Jakyungjong was 6-13% in 3 location of local performance test. Distribution of red ginseng weight of Jakyungiong was heavier than KG101 in 2 location, Kongju and Jungup, but KG101 was heavier than Jakyungjong in Ichon. Red ginseng quality of KG101 was better than Jakyungiong. Main degrade factor of red ginseng quality was inside cavity and inside white, was not different lines and location.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 1998

To develop a new ginseng varieties with good quality and high yielding, a lot of individual ginseng plants were selected in the farmer's fields in 1972. Among them, a promising line, 7259-3-1, has been developed through comparative cultivation of several lines selected with pure line separation of local races in Korea Ginseng '||'&'||' Tobacco Research Institute. Preliminary and advanced yield trials were performed for 8 years. It was then designated as "KG 101" and tested in the regional yield and adaptation trials for 10 years (1981-1990). KG101 has a green stem with light violet and orange-yellow fruit and flowers 3-7 days later than local race, Takyungjong. Taproot of KG101 was longer than local race Jakyungjong, and root yield of KG101 was 9% higher than local race Jakyungjong. In red ginseng quality, the rates of Chun-Jeesam (Chun and Jee means 1st and 2nd grade, respectively) were 22.3% and 9.4% for KG101 and Jakyungjong, respectively. In these results, it was clarified that KG101 was superior ginseng line with good quality.y.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.331-335
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• 1994

As a part of the safety evaluation of Pseudomonas vaccine(CFC-101), antigenicity tests were carried out in guinea pigs and mice. In active systemic anaphylaxis(ASA) test, guinea pigs showed no sign or only moderate sign(1/5) when sensitized and challenged with up to 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. In homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) test using guinea pigs, inoculation of CFC-101 alone did not produce CFC-101-specific antibody. When inoculated with 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg plus adjuvant, challenge of 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg produced PCA titer of 32(5/5) but challenge of 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg did not produce CFC-101-specific antibody. In heterologous PCA test using mice, CFC-101-specific antibody was not detected when sensitized with CFC-101 alone. Some animals(3/12) showed positive PCA response when inoculated with 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg plus alum. In passive hemagglutination (PHA) test, although no antibody was detected at 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, inoculation of 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg alone or with alum produced positive response in all animals. This result has already been predicted because CFC-101 is a vaccine developed for the purpose of immunization. From the above results, it can be concluded that there is no adverse antigenic potential up to 10 times clinical dose of 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1996

A new composite antibiotic, SM-101(sulbactam.metampicillin), was at dose levels of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day administered intravenously to Sprague-Dawley male rats from predating to mating period and to females from premating to early gestation period. Effects of test agent on general findings and reproductive performance of parent animals and embryonic development were examined. In male parents, two deaths occurred at 1000 mg/kg. The increase in kidney weight of the 1000 mg/kg group were also observed. The decrease in body weight and food consumption were found at 500 and 1000 mg/kg. The decrease in spleen weight were seen at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. In female parents, three deaths were found at 1000 mg/kg. Mating performance and fertility of parent animals were not adversely affected by all doses tested. F1 fetuses showed no changes related to treatment of SM-101. The results show that the no effect dose level(NOEL) for general toxicity of parent animals is under 250 mg/kg/day and NOELS for reproductive capability and fatal development are over 1000 mg/kg/day.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.339-348
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• 1996

A new composite antibiotic, SM-101 (sulbactam·metampicillin), was at dose levels of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day administered intravenously to pregnant and subsequently delivered Sprague-Dawley rats from day 17 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Effects of test agent on dams and growth, behaviour and mating performance of Fl offspring were examined. In dams, one death occurred at 1000 mg/kg. The increase in kidney weight of the 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg group was found. In F1 offspring, both delayed incisors eruption and decreased body weight were observed in females of the 1000 mg/kg group. The increase in the weights of liver and kidney was found in males of the 1000 mg/kg group. No treatment-related abnormalities were observed in each treated group in terms of behaviour and reproductive performance. In F1/F2 fetuses, no drug-induced abnormalities occurred at all doses tested. The results show that the no effect dose level (NOEL) of SM-101 is under 250 mg/kg/day for dams and 500 mg/kg/day for F1 offspring, and over 1000 mg/kg/day for F1/F2 fetuses.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.96-102
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• 1998

A lot of individual ginseng plants were selected in the farmer's fields to develop new ginseng varieties with desirable traits. Among them, a promising line has been developed through comparative cultivation of several lines selected with pure line separation of local raced. It was then designated as "KC (denotes Korean Ginseng)" and tested in the regional yield and adaptation trials for 10 years. KG lines grew vigorously after 4 years of age. Especially, KG 102 line arson운 them showed traits of multiple and short stems. As for the root characters, the length of taproot of KG 101 line was longer than that of local race, Jakyung-jong, or other lines ailed the root weight of KG 102 line waIn 15 % higher than that of local race. In general, KG 101, KG 103, KG 104, and Hwangsauk-jong had good root shape. Total amount of ginsenosides of ginseng taproot was the highest in KG 103 line than in local race and other lines. In these studies, we, elected three superior lines, KG 101, KG 102, and KG 103, having characteristic of good root shape, high yield, and large amount of ginsenoside, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2010

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of seeding rate of newly developed Italian ryegrass varieties, "Kogreen" and "Hwasan 101", on those seed production in Cheonan for three years (2005 to 2007). Two Italian ryegrass varieties were seeded at experimental fields of Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science on late September, and harvested at seed shattering stage. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications by each variety. The treatments was consisted of five seeding rates (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 kg/ha). The average heading date of "Kogreen" was 9 May and "Hwasan 101" was 25 May. The harvesting date of "Kogreen" was on 16 June when the rainy season should not set in. In the case of "Hwasan 101", the harvesting date of seed production was 3 July, because of rainy season. The number of ear per square meter, ear length, spikelet number, seed yield per ha and ripening rate of "Hwasan 101" were 471, 28.5 cm, 24.8, 1,631 kg and 71%, respectively. and those of "Kogreen" were 633, 24.0 cm, 20.8, 2,676 kg and 82.1%, respectively. The shattering property rate of "Hwasan 101" 40.3% was higher than that of "Kogreen" 2.6%. The germination rate of harvested "Hwasan 101" seed was 81.8% and that of "Kogreen" was 79.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the optimum seeding rate of Italian ryegrass for seed production are recommended 20kg/ha in both "Hwasan 101" and "Kogreen".

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1996

A new composite antibiotic, SM-101(sulbactam·metampicillin), was at dose levels of 0, 375, 750 and 1500 mg/kg/day administered intravenously to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats during the organogenetic period. Two-third of dams per group were subjected to caesarean section on day 20 of pregnancy and the remaining 10 dams per group were allowed to deliver. Effects of test substance on dams, embryonal development of F1 fetuses, as well as growth, behaviour and mating performance of F1 offspring were examined. In dams, two deaths occurred at 375 and 1500 mg/kg, respectively. The decrease in the weight of adrenal glands of the 1500 mg/kg group was observed. The prolongation of pregnancy period was found at 1500 mg/kg. F1 fetuses showed no changes related to the treatment of SM-101. In F1 offspring, the increase in spleen weight was seen at all doses treated. No treatment-related abnormalities were observed in each treated group in terms of development, behaviour and reproductive performance. In F2 fetuses, no drug-induced abnormalities occurred at all doses. The results show that the no-effect dose levels (NOELS) for dams and Fl offspring are under 375 mg/kg/day and NOELs for F1/F2 fetuses are over 1500 mg/kg/day.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.322-325
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• 1994

To optimize the immunological efficacy of CFC-101, an outer-membrane protein vaccine purified from relatively less pathogenic 4 different Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, we investigated to establish its dose, administration route, interval and frequency of vaccination in mice. As expected, the 4 CFC-101 producing strains were less pathogenic than the challenging organism, P. aeruginosa GN11189. CFC-101 completely protected the death caused by P. aeruginosa at above 0.05 mg/kg vaccinized by 3 times with 7-day intervals. At the optimally effective dose of 0.2 mg/kg of CFC-101, at least 3 immunizations were necessary for complete protection against P. aeruginosa-induced death. If immunized 3 times, the immunization interval could be shortened up to 2 days to acquire the best protection against P. aeruginosa. CFC-101 was effective either by intraperitoneal, subcutaneous or intramuscular but not by oral administration. The present results show that the newly developed Pseudomonas vaccine, CFC-101, is highly effective for the protection from death caused by pseudomonal infections.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.326-330
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• 1994

The treatment of pseudomonal infection is a perplexed problem because of its modest susceptibility to most of the major antibiotics. A novel Pseudomonas vaccine(CFC-101) was prepared from the outer membrane protein fractions of several Pseudomonas strains. In this study, we examined CFC-101's effectiveness in both active and passive immunization models. CFC-101 in mice at 0.2 mg/kg, i.p., given three times at two-day intervals, completely prevented the death caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibody titer, in accordance with the protective effect in this active immunization, was elevated to its peak level following three consecutive administrations of CFC-101. Thereafter, antibody titer stayed at a constantly high level. Each outer membrane protein fraction from the four CFC-101 producers, exhibited good cross-protective effects in mouse infection models against different Fisher types of P. aeruginosa. In the passive immunization model, 21~336 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg of anti-rabbit IgG to CFC-101, when mice being infected with a challenge strain, prevented the Pseudomonhas-induced death up to 60%. Therefore, the preventive effect of CFC-101 was verified in both the active and passive immunization models.