• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2000

The coat protein (CP) gene of kyuri green mottle mosaic virus zucchini strain (KGMMV-Z) isolated from zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) in Chonfu, Korea in 1999 was sequenced by the reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction with degenerate and generate primers originated from tobamoviruses. The degenerate primers were very effective in amplification of KGMMV-Z CP region. The KGMMV-Z CP gene consisted of 486 nucleotides and had the same nucleotide length compared with those of cucurbit-infecting tobamoviruses. KGMMV-Z CP gene shared 43.8, 44.2, and 44.4% nucleotide sequence similarity with the CP gene of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus watermelon strain (CGMMZ-W), CGMMV-KW1, and CGMMV-SH, respectively, whereas three CGMMV strains among themselves showed 98.6-99.6% nucleotide similarity. The deduced amino acids of KGMMV-Z CP gene were 161 amino acid residues with the molecular weight of 17,181 daltons. The first 24 codons of KGMMV-Z CP gene corresponded to the sequences of the N-terminal amino acid of the viral capsid protein. The amino acid sequences of KGMMV-Z CP had 45.3% similarity compared with those of three CGMMV strains. However, the amino acid sequences of CGMMV strains were identical. These results showed that two cucurbit-infecting tobamovirus members, KGMMV-Z and CGMMV were genetically distantly related.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2015

The Cucurbitaceae are a plant family that consist of over a hundred genera, the most important of which are squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds, cucumber and watermelon. These are among the top imported seeds in Korea. At the time of their import, the Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), the Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and the Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV) are designated as regulated viruses for quarantine in Korea. This study was conducted to develop specific primer sets for easy and rapid detection of SqMV, CGMMV and KGMMV. RT-PCR with the nested PCR primer sets and modified positive control plasmids were capable of highly sensitive detection and verification of such viruses. In addition, developed diagnostic PCR systems applied to quarantine sites detected 47 cases of SqMV, 67 cases of CGMMV and 17 cases of KGMMV between 2010 and the first half of 2014.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2007

The genetic diagnostic method of virion capture (VC)/RT-PCR was developed for the simultaneous detection of three rod shaped viruses of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus(KGMMV) and Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) transmitted by seed in Cucurbit. Out of 12 primer combinations for the three tobamoviruses, a primer set of CGMMV-C724, KGMMV-K513 and ZGMMV-Z407A was useful for mono and triplex VC/RT-PCR. The triplex VC/RT-PCR for the three tobamovirus in Cucurbit could detect specifically without interference among primers and/or plant species of watermelon, gourd, cucumber, melon, pumpkin, squash and Nicotiana benthamiana.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.243-248
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• 2001

Two Tobamoviruses, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV), occurred in Korea in 463 ha in 1998, 33.9 ha in 1999, and 44.2 ha in 2000. CGMMV was detected in watermelon, cucumber, oriental melon, and melon, whereas ZGMMV was mainly detected in zucchini squash. Thirty-six CGMMV isolates wee classified into three types by analysis of single strand cDNA conformational polymorphism (SSCP) of the coat protein gene. In a comparison of serological relationships among CGMMV, ZGMMV, and Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), the three tobamoviruses specifically reacted with each homologous antibody in the double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rapid imunofilter paper assay (RIPA), although ZGMMV and KGMMV were slightly biologcially similar. In a survey of the three tobamoviruses in cucurbitgrowing field in Korea by RIPA, CGMMV and ZGMMV were detected but KGMMV was not found in commercially growing cucurbit crops so far. Seed contamination ratio of CGMMV in bottle gourd seeds tested was 84%, while seed trasmission ratio from the virus-contaminated seeds was 2.0%. Soil transmission ratio was 0-3.5% in fields naturally infested with CGMMV or ZGMMV. Control measures of the virus diseases are roguing and sanitation. These suggest that it is important to rogue the first infected crops, which include the seed and soil, especially early in the season. This may be practicable to control the diseases because CGMMV and ZGMMV have a narrow host range restricted to cucurbitaceous crops.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-124
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• 2010

Immunocapture reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) was applied to the detection of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), and Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) on Cucurbitaceae crops. These seed-borne tobamoviruses were accurately detected from the infected leaves and seeds by IC-RT-PCR. This method was estimated to be about 100 times more sensitive than ELISA, and also it allowed the direct confirmation of ELISA results by using the captured antigens from a completed ELISA microwell. This convenient and reliable method could be used routinely for large-scale field surveys or seed tests of Cucurbitaceae crops.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.106-109
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• 2001

A multi-rapid immunofilter paper assay (multi-RIPA) system was prepared for simultaneous diagnosis of three Tobamoviruses, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), and Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) in cucurbitaceous crops. Each of these viruses was specifically detected by the multi-RIPA from cucumber, watermelon, zucchini, and bottle gourd inoculated with the three Tobamoviruses singly or in combination. The three viruses could infect cucumber, watermelon, and bottle gourd ; however, CGMMV could not infect zucchini as the latex-coated CGMMV antibody showed a negative reaction in the multi-RIPA of the virus-infected plant extract. When the minimum detection level of multi-RIPA was compared with that of double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) using CGMMV, the latter was 10 times more sensitive than the former. The detection limit of the multi-RIPA for the purified CGMMV was 50 ng/ml. In a survey of the threeviruses in cucurbits growing in commercial fields in 1999 and 2000, CGMMV was detected in watermelon and cucumber, and ZGMMV was detected only in zucchini growing in plastic houses at the suburbs of Chonju, Korea. However, KGMMV was not found in the commercially growing cucurbit crops in our study, The results suggest that the multi-RIPA can be a simple, rapid, specific and convenient tool to detect simultaneously the Tobamoviruses.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-73
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• 2007

Field disease incidences of squash virus diseases in Jeonnam province were estimated to be 76.1% and of delayed planting on August-September (retarding culture) and on February-March (semi-forcing culture) on glass house were 55.0% and 0%, respectively, in 2000. Disease incidences of individual squash plant within a field were 100% and 3.6%, respectively, in wild culture and retarding culture. Total of 61 samples suspected to be infected with viruses were collected in 2000 and tested by RT-PCR using specific oligonulceotide primer sets designed for the detection of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Papaya ring spot virus (PRSV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Each specific primer set for WMV, ZYMV, and PRSV amplified expected size of DNA fragments from 16, 10, and 2 samples in wild culture, respectively. Double or triple infection were observed in 7 samples tested. In contrast, each specific primer set for WMV, ZYMV, and PRSV confirmed virus infection from 7, 6, and 6 samples, respectively, in samples collected from semi-forcing culture. Double infection of WMV and PRSV was observed in only one sample. However, no DNA fragment was amplified from RT-PCR using CGMMV, KGMMV, and CMV specific oligonucleotide primer sets indicating no CGMMV, KGMMV, or CMV infection in squash fields in Jeonnam province in 2000.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.60.2-60
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.56.2-56
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.82.1-82
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• 1999