• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

This study was conducted to figure out the effect of KOB Soil on creeping bentgrass‘Cobra’, Kentucky bluegrass (KB)‘Midnight’75% + Perennial ryegrass (PR)‘Palmer III’25%. This experiment was conducted from September 1, 2001 to August 31, 2002 at Hwajoulryong in Jeongsun County, Gwangwon-do. Treatments were Sand 80% + Peatmoss 20%, Sand 80% +KOB-Soil (No. 1) 20%, and Sand 80% +KOB-Soil (No. 2) 20%. Treatments with KOB Soils was superior to control fer the leaf length, number of leaf, turf quality and root length in Creeping bengrass and Kentucky bluegrass + Perennial ryegrass.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.101-106
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• 2012

Objectives : To evaluate the toxicity of KOB03, polyherbal medicine for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, we performed the dose-range finding test of KOB03 by oral supplementation for 4 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : The water extract of KOB03 consisting of five different herbs was supplied from GLP company. KOB03 was supplemented by gavage at 0, 500, 2,500 and 5,000 mg/kg/day for 4-week consecutive days. We recorded the clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, organ weights, hematology, gross and histological changes in target organs of rats, and clinical chemistry analysis. Results : KOB03 at all doses was shown no mortality or abnormal clinical signs in rats during at the observation period. Furthermore, there was no difference in body weight and food-take consumption, organ weight, gross pathological findings, and urine analysis among the groups of rats treated with different doses of KOB03. The hematological analysis and clinical blood chemistry data were revealed no toxic effects from KOB03-supplemented rats. Conclusions : The results suggest that KOB03 is a wide margin of safety on dose-range toxicity in rats. The no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) of the test, KOB03 in rats is no less than 5,000 mg/kg/day.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the effect of KOB, a polyherbal medicine for allergic rhinitis and its main herb, Astragali Radix on allergic responses in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced Allergic rhinitis(AR) mice. Methods : Sprague Dawley (SD)-rats were orally administrated with KOB (500 mg/kg), Astragali Radix water extract (ARW, 100 mg/kg) or anti-histamine drug, dosodium cromoglycate (50 mg/kg) as a reference drug, and then intraperitoneally injected with compound 48/80 (8 mg/kg). Rats were measured the mortality and serum levels of histamine. BALB/c mice were orally administrated with KOB (500 mg/kg), ARW (100 mg/kg) or anti-histamine drug, Ketotifen (10 mg/kg) as a reference drug, followed by sensitization and challenge of OVA. Mice were measured the serum levels of histamine and IgE, and observed histopathological changes of nasa mucosa H&E staining. Results : KOB and ARW significantly decreased the mortality and the serum levels of histamine in compound 48/80-induced anaphylatic rats. KOB and ARW also decreased the serum levels of histamine and IgE in OVA-induced AR mice, and inhibited histopathological changes of nasal mucosa with inflammation and the eosinophils infilteration. Conclusions : These data suggest that KOB has a strong anti-allergic effect through the inhibitory property of Astragali Radix, the main component of KOB against allergic responses in allergic rhinitis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Objectives : To evaluate the safety of KOB, a polyherbal medicine for allergic rhinitis, we conducted a subchronic toxicology study. Methods : Dried extract of KOB(Lot. No. 11003, yield : 41.1%) was prepared from GLP company (Hanpoong Pharm & Food Co., Ltd). KOB was repeatedly administrated orally of male SD rats at daily dose levels of 500 (G2), 1250 (G3) and 5000 (G4) mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. We recorded the clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, food intake/consumption, optometry, urine analysis, organ weights, hematology, and conducted serum biochemical analysis, necropsy, gross and histological changes in target organs of Sprague-Dawley rats, and clinical chemistry analysis. Results : Neither death nor any toxicological signs were obserbed in KOB at all doses of 500, 1250 and 5000 mg/kg/day during the administration period for thirteen-week. Furthermore, there was no difference in body weight and food-take consumption, optometry, necropsy, organ weight, gross pathological findings, and urine analysis among the groups of rats treated with different doses of KOB, during at the observation period for thirteen-week. The hematological analysis and clinical blood chemistry data were revealed no toxic effects from repeated-dose administration of KOB in rats during the observation period. Conclusions : Based on these results, the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) of KOB was considered to be 5000 mg/kg/day for male rats under these study conditions.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2010

Objectives : In this study, we investigated anti-allergic effect of Okbyeongpungsan-Hap-Changijasan (KOB01) in allergic rhinitis(AR) experimental animals and mast cells. Methods : The potential anti-allergic effect of KOB01 was investigated in a rat model of compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic shock and a mouse of ovalbumin(OVA)-induced AR, and human mast cell line, HMC-1 culture. Each animals were divided into four groups: normal, control, KOB01-treated(100 and 200 mg/kg) and anti-histamine drug, dosodium cromoglycate (DSCG)-treated(50 mg/kg). Animals were orally treated with KOB01 and DSCG and intraperitoneally injected with compound 48/80($10\;{\mu}g/kg$) or sensitized with 0.1% OVA. The mortality and serum histamine levels were measured in compound 48/80-induced anaphylatic rats. The histological changes in nasal mucosa were investigated in OVA-induced AR mice. Also, mast cell degranulation was observed in compound 48/80-stimulated HMC-1 cells. Results : KOB01 increased mortality and significantly decreased serum histamine levels in compound 48/80-induced anaphylatic rats. The abnormal histological changes such as expansion of grandular cells and hypertrophy of epithelium in nasal mucosa of OVA-induced AR mice was improved by KOB01 treatment nearby a normal group. Therefore, KOB01 inhibited compound 48/80-induced degranulation in HMC-1 cells. Conclusions : These results indicate that KOB01 decrease allergic response through suppressing the mast cell activation in AR and suggest a potential role for KOB01 as a source of anti-allergic agents for use in allergic disorders including of AR.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2008

Producing Korean organic beef cattle costs a great deal because it needs breeding conditions like the organic feed, an uncontaminated breeding farm and so on. So the price of Korean organic beef (KOB) is more expensive than that of Korean general beef (KGB). To overcome this adverse price condition, a case production organization in Asan will choose direct marketing routes for consumers or the shop under direct management of the organization, or franchise shops. As a result, these marketing routes are expected to narrow the price gap between KOB and KGB. And consumers will accept the price of KOB if quality of KOB is very high level, for example the first grade++.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.417-420
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• 1994

Morphology of Achnanthes alteragracillima Lange-Bert. was studied with scanning electron microscopy in epilithic samples from the Kwang River (Kwangchun), Kyungsangbuk-Do, Korea. The species was characterized by the external raphe terminal fissure deflecting up to valve margin, the internal raphe proximal endings slightly deflecting to the opposite direction each other and biased hyaline area at the valve pole. It could be distinguished from A. minutissima K tz., closely related species, in having not straight external raphe terminal fissures, and from A. convergens H.Kob. in having a biased hyaline area at the valve pole and not a convergent striae arrangement at the pole of the raphe valve.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.428-432
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• 2003

The technical combination of RP and RT has a potential for rapid manufacturing of three-dimensional parts. In the present work a new RP system, $VLM-_{ST}$, is proposed to manufacture net shapes of 3D prototypes. ㅁ human head shape and a kob shape are manufactured by the $VLM-_{ST}$ apparatus. In addition, a new RT technology, which utilizes a RTV molding technique and a triple reverse process technique, is proposed to manufacture net shapes of 3D plastic parts using prototypes of $VLM-_{ST}$. A plastic part of the knob shape os produced by the proposed RT technology. The combination of the proposed RP and RT enables the manufacturing of a plastic knob within two days.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.117-128
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• 2000

Initially, QFD (Quality Function Deployment) was introduced in 1972 to help design supertanker in Mitsubish's shipyards in Kob, Japan and formally defined by the American Supplier Institute in 1987 as a system for translating consumer requirements into appropriate company requirements at every stage, from research, through product design and development, to manufacture, distribution, installation, and marketing, sales and services. Although QFD has complex and tedious procedure to complete, since 1972, it has now been used by Japanese, American, and European because of its fruitful merits. The objective of this paper is to provide and analyze the trend on the choice of cultural subjects of university students using QFD. The data are collected by questionnaires. The samples for this study are randomly chosen from the universities in Seoul, Kangnung, and Samchok during 3 months (2000. 3 ∼ 2000. 5). The results of this study will play an important role not only for service of students but also for opening of subjects.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.17-23
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• 2002

Value can be defined as function divided by cost. The ultimate goal of VE (Value Engineering) is to simultaneously reduce cost and to enhance function in given projects. In general, there are eight phases (Selection, Investigation, Speculation, Evaluation, Development. Presentation, Implementation, and Audit) to perform VE. This paper presents analysis of important factors for VE in construction fields using QFD (Quality Function Deployment) technique. QFD was introduced in 1972 to help design supertanker in Mitsubish's shipyards in Kob, Japan and formally defined by the American Supplier Institute in 1987 as a system for translating consumer requirements into appropriate company requirements at every stage, from research, through product design and development, to manufacture, distribution, installation, and marketing, sales and services. The objective of this paper is to provide and analyze the trend on the viewpoint of efficient value engineering of field workers. The data are collected by questionnaires. The samples for this study are chosen from 13 companies in Korea during 2 months (2002. 7 ∼ 2002. 8). The results of this study will play an important role not only for the efficient value engineering but also for preparing of life cycle cost analysis.