• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.96-97
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• 2018

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.93-119
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• 2016

Park Tae-hwan, the Korean Olympic gold medal swimmer, was suspended for eighteen months by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in September 2014. Park completed his suspension in March 2016, but the Korea Olympic Committee (KOC), relying on its Article 5.6, then prohibited him from joining the national team for an additional three years for the same doping violation. The KOC's penalty exceeded that provided by the World Anti-Doping Code, which governs the Olympics and most international sports federations, and contravened well-established precedent from the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). The KOC, along with the Korea Swimming Federation, maintained the suspension until decisions by the Seoul Eastern District Court and CAS forced them to retract the penalty. We describe the sports regulations and arbitration decisions governing the Park case, how each side used the law to support their positions, the flaws in the KOC's legal analysis, and the case's resolutions by the Korean court and CAS. Finally, because this legal conflict has damaged the KOC's reputation, created uncertainty over the committee's doping penalties, and undercut the authority of the World Anti-Doping Code and the CAS in Korea, we recommend institutional changes in Korea's sports jurisprudence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6691-6696
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• 2015

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer and its treatment is still controversial, especially in its early stages. There are conflicting data about the efficacy of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy during abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophrectomy treatment. Lymphadenectomy carries a risk of severe complications, especially in women with co-morbidities. Selective lymphadenectomy has been widely employed for staging evaluation of endometrial carcinoma because it is simple and seems to provide reliable data regarding nodal metastasis. This study was designed to evaluate accuracy of sentinel node sampling in detecting lymph node metastasis in primary endometrial carcinoma during staging laparotomy. Materials and Methods: Ninety-three women with endometrial carcinoma at high-risk for nodal metastasis were studied. During laparotomy, methylene blue dye was injected into sub-serosal myometrium, then retroperitoneal spaces were opened and blue lymph nodes within pelvic and para-aortic regions were removed as separate specimens for histopathological examination (sentinel lymph nodes = SLNs). Hysterectomy and selective lymphadenectomy then performed for all women included in this study. Results: Deposition of methylene dye into at least one lymph node was observed in 73.1% (68/93) of studied cases. 18.3% (17/93) of studied women had positive lymph node metastasis and 94.1% (16/17) of them had positive metastasis in SLNs. In this study, SNLs had 94.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity in prediction of lymph node metastasis. Mean number of lymph nodes removed from each case decreased when SLNs biopsy were taken. Conclusions: SLNs are the key lymph nodes in endometrial tumor metastasis and their involvement could be an indicator for whether or not complete systematic lymphadenectomy is needed during staging laparotomy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.302-306
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• 2001

This study was carried out to construct mapping population and to evaluate the methods involved, including polymorphic DNA marker system and appropriate statistical analysis. As an initial step to establish chicken genome mapping project, White Leghorn (WL) and Korean Ogol chicken (KOC) were used for generating backcross population. From 8 initial parents, total 280 backcross progenies were obtained and 40 were used for genotyping and linkage analysis. For development of novel polymorphic markers for KOC, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers specific for this chicken line were generated. Also included in this study were six microsatellite markers from East Lansing map as reference loci. For segregation analysis, 15 RAPD markers and 6 microsatellites were used to genotype the backcross population. Among the RAPD markers that we developed, 2 pairs of markers were identified to be linked and another 4 RAPD markers showed linkage with microsatellites of known map. In summary, this study showed that our backcross population generated from the mating of KOC to WL serves as a valuable genetic resource for genotyping. Furthermore, RAPD markers are proved to be valuable in linkage mapping analysis.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2015

A sample of soil humic acid (HA) was divided by ultrafiltration (UF) into five fractions of different molecular size (UF₁: > 300, UF₂: 100~300, UF₃: 30~100, UF₄: 10~30, UF₅: 1~10 kilodaltons). Apparent average molecular weight (M_w) of the HA fractions were measured using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), and the chemical and structural properties of the five HA fractions were characterized by elemental compositions (H/C, O/C and w ((2O + 3NH)/ C)) and ultraviolet-visible absorption ratios (SUVA, A_4/6). The organic carbon normalized-sorption coefficients (Koc) for the binding of phenanthrene to the HA fractions were determined by fluorescence quenching and relationship between the sorption coefficients and structural characteristics of the HA fractions were investigated. The elemental analysis and UV-vis spectral data indicated that the HA fractions with higher molecular weights have grater aliphatic character and lower contents of oxygen, while the HA fractions with lower molecular size have greater aromatic character and molecular polarity that correspond to greater SUVA and internal oxidation values (w). The log Koc values (L/kg C) were gradual increased from 4.45 for UF₅ to 4.87 for UF1. The correlation study between the structural descriptors of the HA fractions and log Koc values of phenanthrene show that the magnitude of Koc values positively correlated with $M_w$ and H/C, while negatively correlated with the independent descriptors of the O/C, w, SUVA and A_4/6.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1067-1074
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 다양한 토양 휴믹산(HA) 및 풀빅산(FA)을 대상으로 형광소광법을 이용한 페난트린(PHE)과의 유기탄소 표준화 분배계수(Koc)를 도출하고, 각 휴믹물질의 화학적 및 분광학적 물질특성과 PHE에 대한 Koc와의 상관성을 조사하였다. 휴믹물질은 한라산 토양을 포함한 국내 5개 지역의 토양과 국제휴믹학회(IHSS) 표준토양 및 이탄에서 추출한 HA와 FA 그리고 Aldrich사에서 구입한 HA 등 총 16종을 사용하였다. HA와 FA의 물질특성은 원소성분비와 254 nm에서의 UV 흡광도 및 $^{13}$C NMR을 이용한 탄소형태별 분포 등을 조사하였다. 본 실험조건([PHE]/[HS] = 0.02$\sim$0.2(mg/L)/(mg-OC/L), pH 6)에서의 토양 휴믹물질의 Koc 값 ($\times$10$^4$, L/kg C)은 1.48$\sim$8.65의 범위이었으며, HA가 FA에 대하여 높게 나타났다(3.13$\sim$8.65 vs 1.48$\sim$2.48). log Koc 값과 물질특성과의 상관성 분석 결과, Koc값은 분자극성도((O+N)/C) 및 산소-포함 탄소 함량비(I$_{C-O}$/I$_{C-H,C}$) 등과는 강한 음(-)의 상관성을 보였으며, 254 nm에서의 UV 흡광도([ABS]$_{254}$)와 방향족탄소함량(C$_{Ar-H,C}$, $\sum$C$_{Ar}$/$\sum$C$_{Alk}$) 등과는 강한 양(+)의 상관성을 보였다. 이로부터 페난트린과 같은 소수성유기화합물과의 결합능력은 휴믹물질의 분자극성도가 낮을수록 그리고 분자의 불포화도와 방향족성이 높을수록 증가함을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1990

제초제 butachlor의 토양흡착 실험을 수행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Freundlich 방정식으로 구한 butachlor의 흡착상수 K 값은 9.78이었고 1/n값은 0.79였다. 이 때 correlation coefficient는 0.992였다. K값으로부터 유기물 함량을 감안하여 계산된 Koc값은 543이었다. 이 수치는 기존 문헌치와 거의 일치하였다. 2. 온도변화에 따른 흡착량은 온도가 증가할수록 흡착량도 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 $15^{\circ}C$ 온도변화에 대한 흡착량의 변화는 5%정도였다. 3. Computer program을 이용하여 토양 흡착계수를 추정한 결과 실험치와 20배 정도의 차이를 보이나 실험을 수행하기전 토양흡착계수를 예측하는데 있어서는 활용 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다. 4. Butachlor는 비교적 토양에 흡착이 잘되는 화합물로 판정되었다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2003년도 The Fifth Asian Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference
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• pp.299-300
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• 2003

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

Time series of ocean climate indices and catch records were used to identify the alternation patterns of pelagic fish populations in relation to climate regime shifts. During 1910-2008, an orderly alternation of dominant pelagic fish groups was observed in the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC; Yellow Sea-East China Sea-East Sea/Japan Sea) and Kuroshio-Oyashio Current (KOC; Northwestern Pacific) regions. After the collapse of herring fishery in the late 1920s, the sardine (A group) dominated in the 1930s, 3 other species (C group; Pacific saury, jack mackerel, and anchovy) dominated in the 1950s-1960s, chub mackerel (B group) dominated in the 1970s, and then sardine (A group) dominated again during cool regime in the 1980s. As sardine biomass decreased in association with the climate regime shift that occurred in the late 1980s, catches of C group immediately increased after the regime shift and remained at high levels during warm regime in the 1990s. Alternations of dominant fish groups occurred 6 times between 1910 and 2008. The dominant period of the 7 species lasted for 10-20 years. The catch of Pacific sardine in the TWC and KOC regions showed a negative correlation with the catch of the other 5 species (Pacific herring, anchovy, jack mackerel, Pacific saury, and common squid), suggesting that the abundance of the 5 species is strongly affected by the abundance of Pacific sardine in relation to the climate regime shifts. The total catch level of the 7 species in the KOC region was generally higher than that in the TWC region before 1991 but was lower after 1992, suggesting that the fish populations in the Pacific side are shifted to the TWC region by zonal oscillation of the oceanic conditions in relation to the climate regime shift in the late 1980s.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.568-573
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• 2018

Objective : Thoracic pedicles have special and specific properties. In particular, upper thoracic pedicles are positioned in craniocaudal plane. Therefore, manipulation of thoracic pedicle screws on the left side is difficult for right-handed surgeons. We recommend a new position to insert thoracic pedicle screw that will be much comfortable for spine surgeons. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 33 patients who underwent upper thoracic pedicle screw instrumentation. In 15 patients, a total of 110 thoracic pedicle screws were inserted to the upper thoracic spine (T1-6) with classical position (anesthesiologist and monitor were placed near to patient's head. Surgeons were standing classically near to patient's body while patients were lying in prone position). In 18 patients, a total of 88 thoracic pedicle screws were inserted to the upper thoracic spine with the new standing position-surgeons stand by the head of the patient and the anesthesia monitor laterally and under patient's belt level. All the operations performed by the same senior spine surgeons with the help of C-arm. Postoperative computed tomography scans were obtained to assess the screw placement. The screw malposition and pedicle wall violations were divided and evaluated separately. Cortical penetration were measured and graded at either : 1-2 mm penetration, 2-4 mm penetration and >4 mm penetration. Results : Total 198 screws were inserted with two different standing positions. Of 198 screws 110 were in the classical positioning group and 88 were in the new positioning group. Incorrect screw placement was found in 33 screws (16.6%). The difference between total screw malposition by both standing positions were found to be statistically significant (p=0.011). The difference between total pedicle wall violations by both standing positions were found to be statistically significant (p=0.003). Conclusion : Right-handedness is a problem during the upper thoracic pedicle screw placement on the left side. Changing the surgeon's position standing near to patient's head could provide a much comfortable position to orient the craniocaudal plane of the thoracic pedicles.