• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.47.1-47.10
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• 2015

Background: Knowledge of linkage disequilibrium (LD) levels among different populations can be used to detect genetic diversity and to investigate the historical changes in population sizes. Availability of large numbers of SNP through new sequencing technologies has provided opportunities for extensive researches in quantifying LD patterns in cattle breeds. The aim of this study was to compare the extent of linkage disequilibrium among Iranian cattle breeds using high density SNP genotyping data. Results: A total of 70 samples, representing seven Iranian indigenous cattle breeds, were genotyped for 777962 SNPs. The average values of LD based on the $r^2$ criterion were computed by grouping all syntenic SNP pairwises for intermarker distances from 0 Kb up to 1 Mb using three distance sets. Average $r^2$ above 0.3 was observed at distances less than 30 Kb for Sistani and Kermani, 20 Kb for Najdi, Taleshi, Kurdi and Sarabi, and 10 Kb for Mazandarani. The LD levels were considerably different among the Iranian cattle breeds and the difference in LD extent was more detectable between the studied breeds at longer distances. Lower level of LD was observed for Mazandarani breed as compared to other breeds indicating larger ancestral population size in this breed. Kermani breed continued to have more slowly LD decay than all of the other breeds after 3 Kb distances. More slowly LD decay was observed in Kurdi and Sarabi breeds at larger distances (>100 Kb) showing that population decline has been more intense in more recent generations for these populations. Conclusions: A wide genetic diversity and different historical background were well reflected in the LD levels among Iranian cattle breeds. More LD fluctuation was observed in the shorter distances (less than 10 Kb) in different cattle populations. Despite of the sample size effects, High LD levels found in this study were in accordance with the presence of inbreeding and population decline in Iranian cattle breeds.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2009

A cross sectional survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle in Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Veterinary Clinics, in BAU Dairy Farm and Vabokhali from June 2008 to November 2008. A total of 200 serum samples were collected from BAU Veterinary Clinic, from BAU Dairy Farm and Vabokhali. Among the serum samples 143 sera samples were collected from BAU Veterinary Clinic, 42 serum samples from BAU Dairy Farm and 15 serum samples from Vabokhali. Sera were separated from blood samples and tested with specific Brucella abortus antigen (BAA) test and B. melitensis antigen (BMA) test. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle was 5% in BAA and 0.5% in BMA. It was observed that, a significant higher prevalence of B. abortus was found in female than male. An insignificant higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in adult cattle (aged above 5 years), in cross breed cattle, in cattle with grazing, cattle breed by natural breeding, and in pregnant cows. Although insignificant but a higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in aged cattle than young cattle, cross bred cattle, pregnant cattle than non pregnant cattle, cattle with grazing. A higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in female cattle than male.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.2655-2660
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• 2009

A breed of cattle, i.e., Korean cattle (Hanwoo), was identified based on the DNA mobilities of their microsatellites (MSs) by capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) with a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector. The MS markers were used for the accurate identification of species-specific genes. The DNA mobilities of the MS markers of Hanwoo and Holstein were measured using a CGE system with a fused-silica capillary (inner diameter of 75 ${\mu}m$, outer diameter of 365 ${\mu}m$, and total length of 50 cm). The capillary was dynamically coated with 1.0% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone ($M_r$ = 1,000,000) and then filled with a mixture of 1.3% (w/v) poly(ethylene oxide) ($M_r$ = 600,000) and 1.9% (w/v) poly(ethylene oxide) (Mr = 8,000,000) as a sieving gel matrix. The species-specific genes of Hanwoo and Holstein were clearly distinguished within 33 min. This CGE assay technique is expected to be a useful analytical method for the fast and accurate identification of breeds of cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1691-1699
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• 2018

Objective: In Korea, there are three main cattle breeds, which are distinguished by coat color: Brown Hanwoo (BH), Brindle Hanwoo (BRH), and Jeju Black (JB). In this study, we sought to compare the genetic diversity and divergence among there Korean cattle breeds using a BovineHD chip genotyping array. Methods: Sample data were collected from 168 cattle in three populations of BH (48 cattle), BRH (96 cattle), and JB (24 cattle). The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed using the Illumina BovineHD SNP 777K Bead chip. Results: Heterozygosity, used as a measure of within-breed genetic diversity, was higher in BH (0.293) and BRH (0.296) than in JB (0.266). Linkage disequilibrium decay was more rapid in BH and BRH than in JB, reaching an average $r^2$ value of 0.2 before 26 kb in BH and BRH, whereas the corresponding value was reached before 32 kb in JB. Intra-population, interpopulation, and Fst analyses were used to identify candidate signatures of positive selection in the genome of a domestic Korean cattle population and 48, 11, and 11 loci were detected in the genomic region of the BRH breed, respectively. A Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree showed two main groups: a group comprising BH and BRH on one side and a group containing JB on the other. The runs of homozygosity analysis between Korean breeds indicated that the BRH and JB breeds have high inbreeding within breeds compared with BH. An analysis of differentiation based on a high-density SNP chip showed differences between Korean cattle breeds and the closeness of breeds corresponding to the geographic regions where they are evolving. Conclusion: Our results indicate that although the Korean cattle breeds have common features, they also show reliable breed diversity.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2012

Although a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified from the bovine genome-sequencing project, few of these have been validated at large in Bos indicus breeds. We have genotyped 192 animals, representing 5 cattle populations of Ethiopia, with the Illumina Bovine 8K SNP BeadChip. These include 1 Sanga (Danakil), 3 zebu (Borana, Arsi and Ambo), and 1 zebu ${\times}$ Sanga intermediate (Horro) breeds. The Hanwoo (Bos taurus) was included for comparison purposes. Analysis of 7,045 SNP markers revealed that the mean minor allele frequency (MAF) was 0.23, 0.22, 0.21, 0.21, 0.23, and 0.29 for Ambo, Arsi, Borana, Danakil, Horro, and Hanwoo, respectively. Significant differences of MAF were observed between the indigenous Ethiopian cattle populations and Hanwoo breed (p < 0.001). Across the Ethiopian cattle populations, a common variant MAF (${\geq}0.10$ and ${\leq}0.5$) accounted for an overall estimated 73.79% of the 7,045 SNPs. The Hanwoo displayed a higher proportion of common variant SNPs (90%). Investigation within Ethiopian cattle populations showed that on average, 16.64% of the markers were monomorphic, but in the Hanwoo breed, only 6% of the markers were monomorphic. Across the sampled Ethiopian cattle populations, the mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.314 and 0.313, respectively. The level of SNP variation identified in this particular study highlights that these markers can be potentially used for genetic studies in African cattle breeds.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.173-188
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• 2008

This study focused on production and distribution situations of Korean organic beef cattle at Hongseong Chungnam. Case Farmers have raised cattle organically based on interchange between a few Consumers' Life Cooperatives(CLC) and them. CLC furnished with funding to purchase calves and bought the cattle beef. However, they have many problems related to procuring organic feed in producing organic beef. Presently, they have used organic byproducts from sowing farming and prepared grass places. But they don't breed organic beef cattle in a large scale because of the limitation of organic feed output.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.179-183
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• 2006

Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography(DHPLC) is used in a wide variety of genetic applications and is an efficient method for detection of mutations involving one or a few nucleotides. We developed a high-throughput DHPLC method for identifying polymorphisms in the MC1R gene that are characteristic of Hanwoo cattle. We compared 10 tissue samples from Hanwoo cattle, 10 samples from Holstein cattle and 10 samples from Hanwoox Holstein crossbred cattle to determine whether DHPLC analysis can be used to distinguish between these genotypes. Samples obtained from Hanwoo cattle had a unique profile of peaks that could be used as a molecular fingerprint for this breed. We also analyzed two hundred samples in a trial in which we were blinded to the genotype of the samples and correctly identified the breed-of-origin of 594 out of 600 sequence variations(99%).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 1991

To investigate the Akabane antibody in the cattle with the serological test in Chung Chung Buk Do from May to Nov 1191. The result are summarized as follows. 1. Breed in cattle reacted as positive condition in Akabane antibody 76 heads(42%) in 180 cattles reacted as positive condition in Akabane antibody, 23 heads(51%) in 45 Korea native cattle reacted as positive condition in Akabane antibody. 2. During 5, 9, 10, 11 month, Akabane antibody in cattle is over 45%. 3. Less of 2 years old and over 4 years old cattle are Akabane antibody in cattle is over 40%. 4. The relation of titer of 2 folds of dilution HA and 10 folds of dilution TCID$_{50}$ was same relation.n.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 1977

This study was conducted from 1974 to 1977 at Chedong Animal Farm in Che-Ju to determine the effect of sex of calves, birth year and season, breeds and crossing methods on the birth weight of cattle. A total of 1020 calves from Angus, Charolais, Hereford breeds and their crossbred were used for the study and least square methods was applied to analysis the data. Birth weight of male calves was 1kg heavier than that of female. Highly significant differences were obtained in the effects of birthyear on the birth weight, i.e. the cattle born in 1976 and 1977 was 0.9 and 0.2kg heavier in birth weight than those born in 1975. The cattle born in 1974, when the farm was established, was 1.7kg lighter than those in 1975. The calves born in the spring and the summer was 0.6 and 0.3kg heavier in birth weight than those born in the winter. The calves born in the fall was 0.9kg lighter than the calves born in the winter. In birth weight, Charolais breed were 0.4kg heavier than those from Hereford breed. Angus breed were 1.1kg lighter than Hereford. The crossbred between Charolais and Hereford breed were 1.5kg heavier than the Hereford. The birth weight of calves from Angus and Hereford crossbred and Angus and Charolais crossbred were 0.6 and 0.4kg lighter, than Hereford breed respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2012

The expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines viz. interleukins (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, interferon-${\gamma}$ and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in response to subclinical mastitis in indigenous cattle breed Kankrej (n = 6), Gir (Bos indicus) (n = 12) and crossbred (Bos taurus${\times}$Bos indicus) (n = 7) were investigated using quantitative real time PCR. Significant correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between total bacterial load and somatic cell count (SCC) in all three breeds of cattle. All the cytokines were observed to be up-regulated compared to cows with healthy quarters, however, level of their expression varied among three breeds of cattle. In Kankrej most cytokines were found to be transcribed to higher levels than in other two breeds; the milk had higher load of bacteria but not so high SCC, implying that Kankrej has a higher inherent resistance against mastitis. The results of present study indicated that mammary glands of crossbred cattle are more sensitive to bacterial infection than indigenous breed of cattle as they elicit immune response at lower bacterial load and result into higher SCC. Research on identification of factors responsible for differentially expressed cytokines profiles and use of cytokines as immunomodulatory tools can pave way for formulating control strategies against bovine mastitis.