Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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v.28
no.7
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pp.904-915
/
2004
Following the PART I, which explored the concept of 'Fashion Goods' and 'Basic Goods' in terms of design elements and operational differences, this study, PART II, examined the differences in merchandising process of the two different types of goods. Merchandising process was divided into three stages; planning, production, and presentation. The study adopted a qualitative approach by use of eighteen in-depth interviews with merchandisers and designers with a minimum of six years and a maximum of 15 years of career experience in apparel industry. According to the type of goods, different merchandising practices were found. Especially material and production order/reorder practices were noteworthy. Fashion goods had high possibility of using high-quality materials sourced abroad and few of them were reordered. In other words, reorder practices were established for basic goods only; replenishment was actively implemented for higher inventory turn of basic goods; usually materials and production for basic goods were sourced domestically. In conclusion, based on the differences, more refined merchandising strategies of apparel companies and consistent theory building in this field are required for fashion and basic goods respectively.
Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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v.33
no.11
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pp.1719-1732
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2009
A firm seeking to enter a foreign market must make an important strategic decision of which market entry mode to use. Because entry modes involve resource commitments, the initial choice by a firm on a particular entry mode is difficult to change without a considerable loss of time and money. Substantial prior research has been undertaken to explain why firms select a particular entry mode into global markets. However, there exists limited research on this area in the field of foreign apparel brands in Korea, although some research has analyzed influential entry mode factors when Korean textile and clothing companies went overseas. This study reviews prior research on the entry mode choice and analyzes the factors that influence the entry mode choice for 510 foreign clothing brands in Korea. Price range, clothing types, distribution strategy, and cultural distance were considered as influential determinants for different entry mode choices. Crosstabs with a chi-square test and logistic regression are used for analysis. This study shows that high-priced brands and luxury brands are associated with the export orientated entry mode in the Korean market. Brands that pursued the strategy of multiple distribution channels showed a preference for a licensing mode or direct investment over other entry modes, and brands from higher-cultural-distance countries entered the Korean clothing market by licensing mode. The findings of this study are appropriate for the strategic planning of foreign apparel intent on entering the Korean market or for Korean apparel firms planning to enter the global market.
The purpose of this study is to remind the necessity of reengineering establishment of future-oriented fashion industry and to research the devices for the devices for the system establishment at this present time when the consumer\`s demands level is extremely high. This research has been done by the literature review of the relative articles, books and the case study. First, through the analysis of the important changes and movements of fashion industry environment by the environmental interpretation model of Draft and Weick, the strategic development, corresponding the environment change of fashion industry, has been attempted. Second, this study examined QR integration management method according to the Kunz\`s behavior theory of the apparel firms. Third, as the prior occupation strategy regarding the things can be done very well from now on the things are needed, the necessity and establishment of SCM, based on companionship and beyond the boundary between the companies has been studied through the exchange of the data of manufacture and sales which has been regarded as the secret of the companies. Finally, to become a company to lead the market, in addition to the re-organization of the internal process of a company with the leadership which has the clear vision for the consumer\`s satisfaction, the process have ti be integrated under the cooperation with its business partners and the cost have to be reduces, and the which takes to correspond to the consumer\`s requirements have to be reduced.
Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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v.29
no.12
s.148
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pp.1562-1570
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2005
The purpose of this thesis is to find the effective way of practical education in the fashion related department in order to supply the appropriate experts to the Korean apparel manufacturers located in Dalian, China. The interviews were made twice from $25^{th}$ of Feb. to $15^{th}$ of Mar. 2005 and from $28^{th}$ of July to 31st of July 2005 through the method ot a direct interview with the CEOs of the 7 representative apparel manufactures. The results of the interviews were as following. Seven companies$(100\%)$ participated in the survey all complained of insufficient workers. Also the companies were having difficulties at finding appropriate workers who can handle designing, management, and circulation, because specialists who are fluent in Korean and Chinese are very rare. Moreover, Korean apparel manufacturers are now taking a step further to launch a high quality fashion brand, getting out of the simple hand work depending on low wage or low-tech(6 companies $85.7\%$). Thus, well-educated fashion specialists(intermediate manager) are required on the part of Korean clothing companies or apparel manufacturers in China. It is expected the intermediate managers and the specialists who are capable of launching a new brand will be urgently needed. Therefore, appropriate educations in Korea would be essential to minimize the problems the Korean fashion specialists might face in China. 1 would like to present three suggestions. 1. The highly educated Korean fashion specialists on apparel industry will be a solution both to the high jobless status in our country and to the deficiency in human resources of Korean apparel manufacturers in Dalian. 2. The students in the college should learn how to write down the working chart and matching chart in practical conditions. Taking an intern-ship in working factories in China during a certain period of time will be helpful. 3. The experts should be trained with emphasis on the quality, design, and value of the brand. This study will be used as a base for Koreans who work in fashion related department to enter the Chinese fashion market having a great potential.
This study reviewed current facts on overseas manufacturing factories of garment vendors that were launched in the countries that have a great influence of the Korean Wave, and investigated the influence of Korean Wave in its sourcing area. By doing so, this study aims to present basic data in order to help fabric and garment vendors to enter into the fashion markets of different countries through a local network. For data collection and analysis, Windows SPSS 19.0 was used for frequency analysis of the facts and figures of the local manufacturing factories. In-depth interviews regarding the current facts on local manufacturing factories and the influence of Korean Wave were conducted with 16 Korean garment manufacturing factories in Vietnam and 9 in Indonesia among the overseas garment companies that were registered in the Korean Apparel Industry Association. Through the interview, it was found that new companies should investigate custom tariffs, salary level of the local employees, and infrastructure prior to launching above all. Also, as a result of analyzing competitors and competitive advantages, good treatment of local employees and a good labor environment were noted the most. As for the influence of the Korean Wave, the image of Korea was positive and favorable, but it did not directly affect the preference for Korean companies. After investigating the obstacles that prevented the entrance into local markets, it was found that the rise in the salary level was the biggest hindrance.
Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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v.24
no.4
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pp.451-462
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2000
This study is to investigate the current use of POS system in Korean clothing industry, so that we can make suggestions for better use of it. We interviewd companies using POS systems as well as EAN Korea which is in charge of POS data processing. As a results. we found out that standard KAN code has severe difficulties to cope with the diversity of the information which is necessary in clothing industry. Therefore we are making some suggestions to use KAN code as a recognizing code for more structured master data file for extremely diverse clothing items.
This study aimed to systematize the apparel vendor work processes and provide useful information to future employees of clothing export units by analyzing the processes of vendors' manufacturing tasks. A survey of 20 apparel vendors servicing mainly U.S. buyers was conducted on employees of overseas business departments working for more than five years. buyers. Based on the results, vendors mainly manufactured cut-and-sew knit products. Regarding the production method, OEM was used more frequently than ODM. Fourteen (70%) companies used the ODM method. This suggests that vendors are expanding their production method from OEM to ODM. In order to summarize the work of each business based on the clothing production process research results, buyers were in charge of planning products and the vendors were in charge of sampling. Production of materials and the approval of material tests were out sourced. Overseas factories of vendors were in charge of bulk (mass) production and garment finishing, as well as packaging and shipping the completed products. Even though the vendors' head offices do not directly produce clothes, they play a pivotal role in ensuring planning and management progress in clothing production. As buyers prefer direct contracts for cost reduction, the vendor additionally performs the role of an agent. Also, with the increase in ODM production ratio, the work area of the vendor is expanding. If Korean clothing exporters improve their global competitiveness by investing in the R&D of materials and design to enhance the ODM method, the development of Korea's clothing and export industry will benefit significantly.
This study investigates the apparel sizing communication presented in online retail websites focusing on women's ready-to-wear tailored jackets and to analyze the meaning of these information as the actual product size guide factor. A total of 34 retail websites were selected based on the highest growth fashion companies list and the best fashion brands list. We collected size information in two types: size specifications including sizing code, body measurements, garment measurements, and size references including customized size guide tools, size information in customer reviews, model size information, and others. Most websites prefer to present garment measurements rather than body measurements that are recommended notations under Korean standards and related regulations. In addition, there was the absence of consistency in presenting measurements list and terms that can confuse consumers in size communication. This study found that the stature measurement was a key factor in size reference despite that it did not represent a proper garment size. The obsolete Korean numbering sizing code such as '55 and '66 was still used in many ways such as idiomatic expressions for body shape. It also implied that we can take advantage of the old sizing code for accessible size information. The finding of this study gives an in-depth diagnosis of current online sizing information problems and suggests useful basic data for developing online apparel size standards and marketing strategies.
The objective of this study is to develop an inventory model for the inventory management of a stocking point which sells processed fisheries products. The study, first of all, sets up fisheries processing companies, food companies, apparel companies, pharmaceutical companies and electronic and electrical companies as a population. Then, a comparative study is empirically applied to obtain the inventory characteristics of final products by industry through a survey of a sample selected by a random sampling procedure. The major inventory characteristics of processed fisheries products obtained from the above analysis can be summarized as follows : 1) The major demand characteristics of processed fisheries products is to have wide seasonal fluctuations because the supply of raw materials (i.e., fisheries products) heavily depends on the productive capacity of nature. 2) It has found that fisheries processing companies are the worst in inventory management among the various industries selected in the sample. However, the self-rating of inventory management system by inventory managers of companies shows that the fisheries processing companies are relatively higher than the other companies. 3) The portion of inventory holding cost out of inventory relevant cost is very high for processed fisheries products compared with final products of the other industries. 4) Processed fisheries products are distributed to final consumers through roughly two distribution echelons and take a parallel type inventory system for their distribution structure. In order to develop an inventory model which reflects the inventory characteristics of processed fisheries products mentioned in the above, an inventory model with partial backorders is developed under the situation of stochastic lead time under the consideration of the inventory characteristics of processed fisheries products and then an iterative solution method is provided for the model. Then this study analyzes sensitivity for the standard deviation of lead time in the model by numerical examples.
This study aims to discuss what changes Korean clothing companies and manufacturers have undergone with production facilities moving abroad due to offshore outsourcing and examine what conditions the clothing manufacturers are facing and how the clothing companies recognize those manufacturers. For these purposes, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 firms with annual production capacity of more than 200,000 pieces among clothing brands for the domestic market, clothing exporters and promotion agencies. Those interviewed firms were the companies who were found to produce more than 200,000 pieces of clothing per year, and the interview-based survey was conducted from December 18, 2008 to January 30, 2009. The key findings from this study are as follows; first, a high percentage of interviewed firms were producing only a small number of items in Korea with a large part of their production line transferred abroad or outsourcing all of their production abroad only with their headquarters in Korea. Second, many were employing contractors rather than their own factories. Third, when asked about the wage levels of clothing manufacturers, many of the clothing companies gave responses such as: 'They are just our contractor, so we respect their decision,' 'We don't know because it's none of our business,' or 'We don't know at all.' Fourth, when asked about the work environment of clothing manufacturers, the clothing companies gave responses such as: 'We know in part,' 'To our knowledge, they conform to the Labor Standards Law,' or 'We don't know at all.' Fifth, the production line of clothing manufacturers featured straight-line systems, specialization, pairing and compounding/mixing. Sixth, it was found that clothing companies had interest in mass customization but their preparations were not satisfactory.
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