• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2009

Objective: Two findings easily found at coronal source images of MR myelography (MRM) were evaluated : dorsal root ganglion (DRG) swelling and running course abnormality (RCA) of L5 exiting root at foramen or extraforamen. We tried to find the sensitivity of each finding when root was compressed. Methods: From 2004 July to 2006, one hundred and ten patients underwent one side paraspinal decompression for their L5 root foraminal or extraforaminal compression at L5-S1 level. All kinds of conservative treatments failed to improve leg symptom for several months. Before surgery, MRI, CT and MRM were done. Retrospective radiologic analysis for their preoperative MRM coronal source images was done to specify root compression sites and L5 root morphologic changes. Results: DRG swelling was found in 66 (60%) of 110 patients. DRG swelling has statistically valuable meaning in foraminal root compression (chi-square test, p<0.0001). Seventy-two (66%) in 110 patients showed abnormal alteration of running course. Abnormal running course has statistically valuable meaning in foraminal or extraforaminal root compression (chi-square test, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Three-dimensional MRM provides precise thin sliced coronal images which are most close to real operative views. DRG swelling and running course abnormality of L5 exiting root are two useful findings in diagnosing L5 root compression at L5-S1 foramen or extraforamen. MRM is thought to provide additional diagnostic accuracy expecially in L5-S1 foraminal and extraforaminal area.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1981

Explants of mature root tissues and calli derived from root and cotyledon of Panax ginseng were cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2, 4-dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid(3,4-D), naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA), benzyladenine, and gibberellic acid to assess their capacity to regenerate organs. Root formation at high percentage (46.2-61.1%) was obtained 20-30 days after culturing on media supplemented with combinations of NAA(5 mg/l) and kinetin (1 mg/l), And calli derived from cotyledon produced numerous embryoids in media($\frac{1}{2}$MS) containing 2,4-D(0.5 mg/l) and kinetin (0.5 mg/l). Reculture of these embryoids in media($\frac{1}{2}$MS) enriched with 1 mg/l of benzyladenine and 1 mg/l of gibberellic acid resulted in more plantlet regeneration.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.307-310
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• 1998

Selective lumbosacral radiculography and nerve root block techniques are very useful in determining the nerve root involved. We have done the lumbar root block to 61-year-old female who had suffered from low back pain radiating to right lower leg which was not relieved by epidural steroid injection two times. $L_5$ root block was performed under the fluoroscopic C-arm guide. When the needle was in correct position, we injected contrast medium (Isovist$^{(R)}$ - 300, Schering, Germany). After we injected 1.5 cc isovist, the S1 root was figured but L5 root was not figured. When we reinjected 1.5 cc isovist, $S_1$ root was enhanced and $L_5$ root was slightly visible due to severe disc bulging and lateral spinal stenosis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2006

Objectives : Effects of Rhodiola rosea root on cancers on stomach, breast, lung, and liver were examined. Methods : Water extracts and methanol extracts of Rhodiola rosea root were treated on cancer cells, and its effects on cancers were examined. Results : 1. Water extracts and methanol extracts of Rhodiola rosea root was less harmful in its lowest density 0.25 mg/mL (9.l%와 10.5%), but became more harmful as its density increased. 2. As for human stomach adenocarcinoma cells AGS, breast adenocarcinoma cells MCF-7, and lung carcinoma cells A549, methanol extracts showed 70-77% inhibition of cancer cells in high density(1 mg/mL), and water extracts showed 60-70% inhibition rate and its selective death rate was less than 2.5. Conclusion : Rhodiola rosea root can be used to treat cancers and to increase immunity.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.366-372
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to compare two commercial root canal medicaments, ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa, USA) and OrthoMTA (Bio MTA, Korea), by assessing the antimicrobial effects on three selected species commonly found in root canals of infected teeth, namely Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Colonies of these bacteria were treated with varied concentrations of ProRoot MTA or OrthoMTA over different lengths of time. The results are as follows : 50, 25 and 12.5 mg/mL of ProRoot MTA or OrthoMTA did not completely inhibit the growth of E. faecalis, but a decreased growth rate was evident in comparison to the control (p < 0.05). 50 mg/mL of both materials successfully eliminated F. nucleatum during the first 24 hours. Regrowth of microbes after 24 hours, however, indicated a diminished effect of ProRoot MTA whereas OrthoMTA showed its continuously sustained antimicrobial actions (p < 0.05). 50 mg/mL of ProRoot MTA and 50, 25 mg/mL of OrthoMTA exerted their full antibacterial actions against S. epidermidis during the first 24 hours. Although the regrowth of colony was observed after 24 hours, the rate of growth was significantly decreased, approximating a complete inhibition (p < 0.05). The present study revealed that OrthoMTA, recently developed in Korea, had antimicrobial activity higher than ProRoot MTA.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2019

Proximate analysis of Ipomea batatass L. grown in two different locations in Imo State were investigated. Standard soil analytical method was used to determine the physiochemical contents of the two soil sample collected from Mgbidi and Orji Ipomea batatass L. farm land. The soil sand from Ipomea batatass L. root in Orji farm recorded highest percentage value of 75.00% compared to the soil sand Ipomea batatass L. root in Mgbidi farm with 27.00% value. The percentage value of silt was different as the soil Ipomea batatass L. root in Mgbidi farm had high value of 29.40% while soil silt of Ipomea batatass L. root in Orji farm had 13.40%. The soil clay, pH, Phosphorus and Nitrogen from Ipomea batatass L. root in Mgbidi farm recorded highest percentage value of 43.60%, 5.7, 23.20 and 0.35 compared to the soil sand Ipomea root in Orji farm with 11.60%, 5.4, 16.70 and 0.09 value respectively. Ca, Mg, K, and Na analyzed followed the same trend as the soil from Ipomea root in Mgbidi farm had high percentage value of Ca (10.00), Mg (1.60), K (0.54) and Na (0.43) respectively. The systematic study of physiochemical of the Ipomea soils could help in understanding the nutritional composition, the basic characteristics of the soils and the constraints associated with the management of the soils from the two locations.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1993

This study was divised to observe an Inhibitory effect toward a lipolytic action of toxohormone-L from large root and small root Nepal pseudo ginseng (NPG ; Nepal products) components by water extract and ethanol precipitate in vitro. Toxohormone-L is known to be a lipolytic factor that was partially purified from the ascites fluid of Sarcoma 180-bearing mice and of patients with hepatoma. The inhibitory effect that inhibited the lipolytic action of toxohormone-L by ethanol Precipitate component of large root NPG (mean 55.5%) was higher (mean 1.37 times) than that of water extract component in final reaction concentration of 500 and 1, 000ug/ml, on the other side inhibitory effect of water extract component in small root NPG (mean 55.5%) was higer (mean 1.14 times) than that of ethanol precipitate component. In a way inhibitory effect of precipitate component In large root NPG(47.6%), when final reaction concentration of sample were 1, 000ug/ml, was about 40% lower than that of Korean red ginseng.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2022

The optimal culture conditions for root organogenesis from the callus of peonies (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) were investigated. Root explants with vascular bundles were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium combined with 0.5-4.0 mg/L auxins (indole acetic acid [IAA], naphthalene acetic acid [NAA], indolebutyric acid [IBA], and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D]) and 0.0-2.0 mg/L cytokinins (kinetin, zeatin, and benzylaminopurine [BAP]) to induce callus formation. The callus was then cultured in MS medium combined with three concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L) of IAA, NAA, IBA, kinetin, zeatin, and BAP in the dark for 6 weeks. Based on the results, the effects of dark and light conditions on the callus cultured in MS medium with combinations of 0.1-1.0 mg/L IBA and zeatin for 6 weeks were studied. Callus formation was most effective (>+++) in the medium with a combination of 1.0 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L zeatin. A high number of long adventitious roots were observed in the mediums with 0.1 mg/L IBA (6.66 and 4.82 cm) and 0.5 mg/L zeatin (2.32 and 0.72 cm) among auxins and cytokinins, respectively. The highest number (14.06) of adventitious roots were formed from the callus cultured in light in the MS medium combined with 0.1 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L zeatin. This same medium induced the formation of the longest adventitious root (5.45 cm) in the dark. Thus, optimization of in vitro culture conditions may be possible for the mass propagation of adventitious roots in peonies.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.247-250
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• 2000

Recently, some authors reported that discogenic low back pain should be regarded as a referred pain in respect of neural pathway. The afferent pathways of discogenic low back pain is transmitted mainly by sympathetic afferent fibres from the sinuvertebral nerves in the second lumbar nerve root. This pain arises from the lumbar intervertebral discs, and it had been transmitted mainly through the sympathetic afferent fibres contained in the second lumbar spinal nerve root. Second lumbar dermatome corresponds to the low back area. We experienced a case of low back pain which could not be controlled by conventional therapy and progressed wax and wane. The CT finding showed bulging disc between $L_4$ and $L_5$ and spinal stenosis in $L_4$ area. And epiduroscopic feature showed severe adhesion in $L_4$, $L_5$ and $S_1$. After we blocked $L_2$ root, pain score decreased 10 to 2. Therefore, the $L_2$ root block may be a useful diagnostic procedure as well as provide therapeutic value.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.130-135
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• 2001

Effects of media and growth regulators on the growth and saponin accumulation of ginseng root were investigated to develop the ginseng root culture system. When Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer roots were induced and cultured in various liquid media, the maximum root growth and saponin production were obtained in SH medium and an initial doubleing time of ginseng root was approximately 10 days. The patterns and contents of ginsenosides of cultured ginseng root in various media were different from each other. SH and White media resulted in higher total ginsenosides contents than the other media. Among different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators, SH medium containing 4.0mg/ L NAA gave best growth of ginseng roots, while saponin content was highest in SH medium containing 0.5mg/L BAP. These results suggested that the rapid production of ginseng saponin is possible by root culture of Panax ginseng.