• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.187-193
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between conceptual metaphors of affect and physical dimensions. Background: The evidence that affect is unconsciously linked to physical dimensions(e.g., position and color) has been obtained in western cultures. However, in eastern cultures, especially, in Korea, it has been seldom tested. It is indispensable to examine whether or not cultural differences exist for better understanding of the conceptual metaphors. Method: 50 positive and 50 negative words were adopted from previous studies in order to determine the relationship between physical domains and abstract affect. Three hypotheses were tested in this study: (1) Good is up. (2) Good is bright. (3) Good is right(for right-handers). The automatic association between valence(positive vs. negative) and vertical position (up vs. down) was investigated in experiment 1, in which 100 words were randomly presented on either the top or the bottom of a LCD screen and the evaluation time of the presented word was recorded. The unconscious association between valence and color(white and black) was examined in experiment 2, where each word was randomly presented in either white or black. Lastly, we tested whether right-handers tend to associate rightward space with positive ideas and leftward space with negative ideas. Results: Reaction time was faster when words were presented in metaphor congruent domains(e.g., 'positive words on the top, in bright color, and on right space vs. negative words on the bottom, in dark color, and on left region) than when they were shown in metaphor incongruent domains. Conclusion: The results might give the groundwork for various directions in further understanding perception, emotion, and behavior. Application: This study may provide useful points to GUI designers and service developers if further studies enhanced in validity and reliability are followed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the legibility of one-syllable Korean characters with the participation of sixteen subjects. The experiment considered nine factors including age (young and old), gender (male and female), illuminance (150lx and 600lx), viewing distance (50cm and 200cm), material type (paper and LCD), typeface (Ming and Gothic), thickness (plain and bold), color contrast (black letter/white background and white letter/black background), and complexity (simple, complex, and number) to examine main effects with a $2^{6-3}\times3$ fractional factorial design. The dependent variables were minimum character size of 100% correctness, maximum character size of 0% correctness, and minimum character size of comfortable reading preference. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that age, illuminance, viewing distance and complexity were significant for all dependent variables, except gender which was significant only for the minimum character size of comfortable reading preference. In general, the young could see twofold smaller size letters than the elderly. The subjects could see smaller sized letters with the illuminance of 600lx and viewing distance of 50cm than 150lx and 200cm, respectively and also with numbers, simple characters, and complex characters in that order. The findings of this study could be characterized about the legibility of Korean characters and be good resources for developing its standard.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.49-54
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• 2007

As digital contents based on 3D graphics are increased, the requirement for low power 3D graphic hardware for mobile devices is increased. We design a transformation engine for mobile 3D graphic processor. We propose a simplified transformation engine for mobile 3D graphic processor. The area of the transformation engine is reduced by merging a mapping transformation unit into a projective transformation unit and by replacing a clipping unit with a selection unit. It consists of a viewing transformation unit a projective transformation unit a divide by w nit, and a selection unit. It can process 32 bit floating point format of the IEEE-754 standard or a reduced 24 bit floating point format. It has a pipelined architecture so that a vertex is processed every 4 cycles except for the initial latency. The RTL code is verified using an FPGA.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.794-798
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• 2016

A polymer-stabilized vertical alignment (PS-VA) mode with fishbone-shaped pixel electrode structure is mainly used in large-sized liquid crystal displays (LCDs) owing to its advantages such as wide viewing angle, good transmittance and fast response time. One drawback of this mode is a main bone electrode, which crosses in the center of a pixel. It causes the transmittance to decrease badly because LCs cannot be reoriented in this region, and thus, it is particularly unfavorable in an ultra-high-definition LCD. Here, we propose an innovative structure with the main bone electrode relocated to the edge area in a pixel, and investigate how this reverse directed fishbone-shaped pixel electrode structure affects electro-optic characteristics. The proposed structure shows enhanced electro-optic performance, such as the higher transmittance and the faster response time than the conventional VA mode with fishbone-shaped pixel electrode structure.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.59-65
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose Pseudo-TN IPS mde(Pseudo-Twisted Nematic In-Plane Switching mode) based on IT(In-plane switching Twisted nematic) mode that increase contrast ratio from improving optical characteristics and analyze the characteristics of Pseudo-TN IPS uude. Optical transmittance is 25% higher for the PTN-IPS mode than for the IT mode. Because aperture ratio of the PIN-IPS is increased. And the control of Liquid Crystal for adjusting optical transmittance is more easier than IT mode, because optical transmittance variation is linear with applying voltage. Contrast ratio is 8% lower for the PTN-IPS mode than for the IT mode in the horizontal direction. But, Contrast ratio is 20% higher for the PTN-IPS mode than for the IT mode in the vertical direction. It has also cell gap margin and many benefits of IT mode, this may be used very well in the future LC Cell design.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1991

The $HgI_2$ single crystal which can be used for the ${\gamma}-ray$ detector at room temperature was grown by Temperature Oscillation Method. The low temperature photoluminescence, specific resistivity and trap concentration of $HgI_2$ single crystal were investigated. Three main luminescence bands were observed at 2.30eV, 2.20eV and 2.00eV at 20K, related to the excitons, I-vacancies and impurities, respectively. The specific resistivity and trap concentration of $HgI_2$ single crystal were $10^{11}{\Omega}\;cm\;and\;1.8{\times}10^{14}/cm^3$ at room temperature, respectively. Also the radiation detecting system was deviced by $HgI_2$ ${\gamma}-ray$ detector, one chip microprocessor, LCD module and personal computer. The prepared $HgI_2$ ${\gamma}-ray$ detector showed a good linearity of ${\gamma}-radiation$ dose for standard ${\gamma}-ray$.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2002

Recently, types of mobile services are ever-growing with technological advances, such as CDMA 2000, 256 Color LCD, 16 channel sound chip set and easy internet access. However, manual system that is supposed to support users for finding features and functions doesn't help users most of the cases since users are moving. Therefore, mobile sonics needs new concept for manual system that can support users while they are in use In this research report, new concept for interactive manual system is suggested. Then a guideline for interactive manual system is developed as a result from three empirical studies. First, ten information visualization methods used for describing functions are positioned on user's perception map. Secondly, user behavior pattern of getting required information from written manual was analyzed. Finally, visual cue system was selected as one of options for developing interactive manual system and a guideline was developed based on these research results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.181-187
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• 2016

Silica is an essential material in the electronics industries of LCDs and OLEDs, which particularly require high purity. This study attempted to find the optimal design of a magnetic separator for silica sand containing iron compounds using CFD simulation. Three designs of magnetic separation were prepared and their efficiency was examined. As a result of the evaluation, the sufficient contact of particulate silica with the surface of magnetic emitters improved the magnetic separation effects. In addition, the loss of $SiO_2$ and the removal rate of $Fe_2O_3$ depended strongly on the particle size, flow rate and magnetic flux density. In addition, magnetic separation is quite effective for a particle size of $10{\mu}m$ with a 0.2 m/s flow rate.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.441-448
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• 2004

Mobile devices such as mobile phones or PDAs are considered as main interlace tools in ubiquitous computing environment. For searching information in mobile device, it should be possible for user to input some text as well as to control cursor for navigation. So, we should find efficient interlace method for text input in limited dimension of mobile devices. This study intends to suggest a new approach to mobile interaction using camera based virtual keyboard for text input in mobile devices. We developed a camera based virtual keyboard prototype using a PC camera and a small size LCD display. User can move the prototype in the air to control the cursor over keyboard layout in screen and input text by pressing a button. The new interaction method in this study is evaluated as competitive compared to mobile phone keypad in left input efficiency. And the new method can be operated by one hand and make it possible to design smaller device by eliminating keyboard part. The new interaction method can be applied to text input method for mobile devices requiring especially small dimension. And this method can be modified to selection and navigation method for wireless internet contents on small screen devices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.1514-1519
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• 2009

We fabricated the GaNLED emitting 400 nm wavelength and improved the optical extraction efficiency by making surface patterns on n-GaN layer and ITO layer above p-GaN. In addition, the light reflection metal under the n and p pad is made and the light reflection metal is installed on the backside of the chip. The light extraction efficiency is increased by 20 % with texturing n-GaN layer and 18% with texturing ITO layer at 20 mA. Compared to planar-surface LED, the light extraction efficiency for surface texturing both n-GaN and ITO is increased by 32% at 20mA.