• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.7-20
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• 1996

According as the living standard has been high, the demands on hospital facilities become incresing. That fact made LDR/P(Labor, delivery, Recovery/Postpartum) which followed patient-centered concept proposed in the department of delievery. And in recent years. LDR/P in department of delievery is also introduced in our country as medical demands expands. This study aims to represent the standards for architectural planning of the LDR/P in department of delievery according to domestic situation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.63-72
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• 2020

Shadow banking in China has been growing rapidly; banks use wealth management products aggressively to evade regulatory constraints. The loan-to-deposit ratio or LDR targets both sides of the balance sheet; loans in terms of asset-side, and deposits in terms of liabilities-side; banks needed to control and maintain both sides. Regulators restricted Chinese banks to maintain a 75% limit for their loan-depositratio. Banks' needed to either lower their loans or increase the deposits; WMPs helped banks to evade this limit. Banks issue more WMPs to control and manage a 75% statutory ceiling LDR. This WMPs-LDR positive association disappeared post-2015 period. This study empirically examined how Chinese banks use WMPs issuance to avoid regulatory constraints. Quarterly panel data for 30 top Chinese banks were used by analyzing pre-2015 (during the 75% LDR limit) and post-2015 (after removal of the LDR limit). This study also performed fixed-effects model as recommended by the Hausman specification test, with feasible generalized least squares FGLS estimation technique. The results of this study show that for the pre-2015 period, Chinese banks use issuance of WMPs aggressively to manage their LDR limit; this WMPs-LDR relationship disappeared post-2015 period. Moreover, SMBs use WMPs more eagerly as compare to Big4 banks.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.87 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2023

Response spectrum method is still an effective approach for the design of buildings with supplemental dampers. In practice, complex complete quadratic combination (CCQC) rule is always used in the response spectrum method to consider the effect of non-classical damping. The conventional CCQC rule is based on exact complex mode vectors. Sometimes the calculated complex mode vectors may be not excited by the external loading and errors in the structural responses always arise due to the mode truncation. Load-dependent Ritz (LDR) vectors are associated with the external loading and LDR vectors not excited can be automatically excluded. Also, contributions of higher modes are implicitly contained in the LDR vectors in terms of static responses. To improve the calculation efficiency and accuracy, LDR vectors are introduced in the CCQC rule in the present study. Firstly, the generation procedure of LDR vectors suitable for non-classical damping system is presented. Compared to the conventional LDR vectors, the LDR vectors herein are complex-valued and named as complex LDR (CLDR) vectors. Based on the CLDR vectors, the CCQC rule is then rederived and an improved response spectrum method is developed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper is verified through three typical non-classical damping buildings. Numerical results show that the CLDR vector is superior to the complex mode with the same number in the calculation. Since the generation of CLDR vectors requires less computational cost and storage space, the method proposed in this paper offers an attractive alternative, especially for structures with a large number of degrees of freedom.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.207-210
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• 2009

An efficient algorithm to compress high dynamic range (HDR) videos is proposed in this work. We separate an HDR video sequence into a tone-mapped low dynamic range (LDR) sequence and a ratio sequence. Then, we encode those two sequences using the standard H.264/AVC codec. During the encoding, we allocate a limited amount of bit budget to the LDR sequence and the ratio sequence adaptively to maximize the qualities of both the LDR and HDR sequences. While a conventional LDR decoder uses only the LDR stream, an HDR decoder can reconstruct the HDR video using the LDR stream and the ratio stream. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides higher performance than the conventional methods.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.17-28
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• 1997

The demands on hospital facilities are increasing because of the higher living standard and the advanced medical technology. The user-oriented concept of LDR/P(Labor, Delivery, Recovery/Postpartum), which reflects the current demand, were proposed in the delivery center and was recently introduced to Korea. This study aims to represent the data base for architectural planning and the design of the LDR/P in delivery center reflecting the domestic situation. The case study was performed to investigate the change of space and to consider the architectural characteristics of LDR system in delivery center.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.550-553
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• 2010

최근 영화, 광고 그리고 증강현실과 혼합현실 등 다양한 분야에서 실제 영상에 가상의 객체를 합성하는 기법이 자주 사용되고 있다. 보다 사실적인 합성 결과를 생성하기 위해서는 실제 배경영상의 광원정보를 그대로 적용해야 한다. 이러한 실 세계의 광원 정보를 이용하기 위해서는 HDR(High Dynamic Range) 영상을 생성해야 한다. 일반적으로 HDR 영상을 생성하기 위해서는 고가의 HDR 카메라를 사용하거나 LDR(Low Dynamic Range) 카메라를 사용하여 노출 시간을 달리한 일련의 LDR 영상을 촬영하여 이를 기반으로 HDR 영상을 생성해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 한 장의 LDR 환경 맵을 HDR 환경 맵으로 복원하는 방법에 대해 제안한다. 제안하는 방법을 통해 LDR 환경 맵을 HDR 환경 맵으로 복원할 수 있으며 결과에서 볼 수 있듯이 HDR 영상을 이용했을 때와 유사한 렌더링 결과를 생성할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.89-90
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• 2010

기존의 HDR (high dynamic range) 영상취득 기법은 한 장의 HDR 영상을 얻기 위해 여러 장의 LDR (low dynamic range) 영상을 취득하기 때문에 영상 취득에 많은 시간이 소요된다. 본 논문에서는 이런 단점을 보안하기 위해 두 장의 LDR 영상을 이용하여 평균 밝기 값에 대한 노출 곡선을 추정한다. 그리고 추정된 노출곡선을 이용하여 밝은 영상과 어두운 영상 각각의 최적의 노출 시간을 취득하는 기법을 제안한다.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.31-42
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• 2021

We propose a deep learning-based method that can estimate an appropriate lighting of both indoor and outdoor images. The method consists of two networks: Crop-to-PanoLDR network and LDR-to-HDR network. The Crop-to-PanoLDR network predicts a low dynamic range (LDR) environment map from a single partially observed normal field of view image, and the LDR-to-HDR network transforms the predicted LDR image into a high dynamic range (HDR) environment map which includes the high intensity light information. The HDR environment map generated through this process is applied when rendering virtual objects in the given image. The direction of the estimated light along with ambient light illuminating the virtual object is examined to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. For this, the results from our method are compared with those from the methods that consider either indoor images or outdoor images only. In addition, the effect of the loss function, which plays the role of classifying images into indoor or outdoor was tested and verified. Finally, a user test was conducted to compare the quality of the environment map created in this study with those created by existing research.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.166-171
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• 2013

While high-dose ionizing radiation results in long term cellular cytotoxicity, chronic low-dose (<0.2 Gy) of X- or ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation can be beneficial to living organisms by inducing radiation hormesis, stimulating immune function, and adaptive responses. During chronic low-dose-rate radiation (LDR) exposure, whole body of mice is exposed to radiation, however, it remains unclear if LDR causes changes in gene expression of the whole brain. Therefore, we aim to investigate expressed genes (EGs) and signaling pathways specifically regulated by LDR-irradiation ($^{137}Cs$, a cumulative dose of 1.7 Gy for total 100 days) in the whole brain. Using microarray analysis of whole brain RNA extracts harvested from ICR and AKR/J mice after LDR-irradiation, we discovered that two mice strains displayed distinct gene regulation patterns upon LDR-irradiation. In ICR mice, genes involved in ion transport, transition metal ion transport, and developmental cell growth were turned on while, in AKR/J mice, genes involved in sensory perception, cognition, olfactory transduction, G-protein coupled receptor pathways, inflammatory response, proteolysis, and base excision repair were found to be affected by LDR. We validated LDR-sensitive EGs by qPCR and confirmed specific upregulation of S100a7a, Olfr624, and Gm4868 genes in AKR/J mice whole brain. Therefore, our data provide the first report of genetic changes regulated by LDR in the mouse whole brain, which may affect several aspects of brain function.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2015

We analyzed the differential effects of histopathology, apoptosis and expression of radiation response genes after chronic low dose rate (LDR) and acute high dose rate (HDR) radiation exposure in spleen, lung and liver of rats. Female 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used. For chronic low-dose whole body irradiation, rats were maintained for 14 days in a $^{60}Co$ gamma ray irradiated room and received a cumulative dose of 2 Gy or 5 Gy. Rats in the acute whole body exposure group were exposed to an equal dose of radiation delivered as a single pulse ($^{137}Cs$-gamma). At 24 hours after exposure, spleen, lung and liver tissues were extracted for histopathologic examination, western blotting and RT-PCR analysis. 1. The spleen showed the most dramatic differential response to acute and chronic exposure, with the induction of substantial tissue damage by HDR but not by LDR radiation. Effects of LDR radiation on the lung were only apparent at the higher dose (5 Gy), but not at lower dose (2 Gy). In the liver, HDR and LDR exposure induced a similar damage response at both doses. RT-PCR analysis identified cyclin G1 as a LDR-responsive gene in the spleen of rats exposed to 2 Gy and 5 Gy gamma radiation and in the lung of animals irradiated with 5 Gy. 2. The effects of LDR radiation differed among lung, liver, and spleen tissues. The spleen showed the greatest differential effect between HDR and LDR. The response to LDR radiation may involve expression of cyclin G1.