• Title/Summary/Keyword: LDTS

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Clinical Trials and Accuracy of Diagnostic Tests (진단법의 임상시험연구와 진단정확도)

  • Lee, You-Kyoung;Lee, Sang-Moo
    • Journal of Genetic Medicine
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.28-34
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    • 2011
  • Most clinicians understand clinical trials as the evaluation process for new medicine before their use. However, clinical trials can also be applied to laboratory diagnostic tests (LDTs) to verify diagnostic accuracy and efficacy before their clinical laboratory implementation for patients. The clinical trial of LDT has two distinctive characteristics that are different from the case of pharmaceuticals and thus worth special consideration. One of them is the level of evidence. The well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are known to provide the best evidence to prove the clinical efficacy of any pharmaceutical products. However, RCTs lose practicality when applied to LDTs due to various issues including ethical complications. For this reason, comparative study format is considered more feasible approach for LDTs. In addition pharmaceuticals and LDTs are different in that the user's intervention is not required for the former but critical to the latter. Moreover, in the case of pharmaceuticals, end-products are produced by manufacturers before being used by clinicians. However, in LDTs, once reagents and instruments are provided by manufacturers, they are first utilized by clinical laboratories to produce test results in order for clinicians to use them later. In other words, when it comes to LDTs, clinical laboratories play the role of manufacturers, providing reliable test results with improved quality assurance. Considering the distinctive characteristics of LDTs, we would like to offer detailed suggestions to successfully perform clinical trials in LDTs, which include analytical performance measures, clinical test performance measures, diagnostic test accuracy measures, clinical effectiveness measures, and post-implementation surveillance.

A Study on Communication Protocol for Railway Signalling between LDTS and EIS equipments (역정보전송장치와 전자연동장치간 통신 프로토콜에 관한 연구)

  • 황종규;이재호;김종기;박영수
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2002.05a
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    • pp.516-521
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    • 2002
  • According as railway signalling equipments are computerized recently, necessity of communication protocol for interface between these equipments is increasing, Therefore the research about communication protocol structure that is need according to computerization trend of these signalling goes, especially communication protocol structure for interface between LDTS(Local Data Transmission System) and EIS(Electronic Interlocking System). Analyzed existent protocols that is applied currently for interfaces between above two signalling for this research and also technology analysis of internal/external similar protocols and operator and maker's requirement. With these study finding plain in this paper, explained summary of communication protocol structure for interface between LDTS and EIS.

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A Simulation for a Message Transmission Protocol between LDTS (LDTS와 EIS간 메시지 전송 프로토콜에 대한 시뮬레이션)

  • Hwang Jong-Gyu;Lee Jae-Ho;Kang Moon-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2003.10c
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    • pp.183-189
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    • 2003
  • In this paper a simulation was done to verify performance of a message transmission protocol which interfaces LDTS(Local Data Transmission System) with EIS(Electronic Interlocking System), After a stage of analyzing link specifications between LDTS and EIS, transmission messages and messaging formats, simulation parameters were extracted, applied to the error control schemes such as ARQ, FEC, HARQ, and therefrom throughputs and various performance indices were analyzed Simulation program was constructed with Matlab and Matlab GUI and then converted into a stand-alone c++ program to be used on any non-Matlab environments.

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Performance Analysis of Data Link Protocol for Interface between EIS and LDTS (전자연동장치와 역정보전송장치간 인터페이스를 위한 데이터링크 프로토콜 성능해석)

  • Hwang, Jong-Gyu;Lee, Jae-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.135-141
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    • 2003
  • According to the computerization of railway signaling systems, the interface link between these signaling equipment is also replaced by digital communication channel, expecially communication link for interface between EIS and LDTS, but there are some problems in the present state of railway signaling. First of all, different communication protocol is applied to interface between above two signaling equipment although they have same functions. The other is that the communication protocol currently used in railway field has some unreasonable points such as structure, formation of byte, error correction scheme and etc. To solve these problems, the standard communication protocol for railway signaling is designed. The structure of designed communication protocol and the results of performance analyses are represented in this paper. It will be expected the increase of safety, reliability and efficiency of maintenance of signaling system by using of the designed communication protocol for railway signaling.

A Study on Communication Protocol for Interface between CTC and EIS Equip (열차집중제어장치와 전자연동장치간 정보전송을 위한 통신 프로토콜 구조 연구)

  • Hwang, Jong-Gyu;Lee, Jae-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2002.11d
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    • pp.341-343
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    • 2002
  • According to the computerization of railway signalling equipments, the need of communication protocol for interface between these equipments is increasing. In this paper the research results on communication protocol structure for interface between LDTS(Local Data Transmission System) and EIS(Electronic Interlocking System) is represented.

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Verification Test of Communication Protocol for Interface between EIS and LDTS (철도신호설비 상호간 정보전송을 위한 통신 프로토콜 검증시험)

  • 황종규;이재호;윤용기;신덕호
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.114-119
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    • 2004
  • According to the computerization of railway signalling systems. the communication protocol for interface between these systems are required. Therefore the new communication protocol for railway signaling system is required. Generally, there are two verification method for new designed protocol in the industrial and academic fields. One is the laboratory testing method which is very popular and general technique. In our research the comparison between existing and new designed protocol for signaling is described and the verification test results are also represented. From these laboratory test, we are verified the conformance of new designed protocol. Another method is verified by formal method. The format verification method is widely used at safety-critical system design but this approach is nor popular at verification communication protocol. However it is very important to verify the safety of new designed protocol for railway signaling system because signaling systems are very safety-critical systems. So, the methodology for formal verification of designed protocol is also reviews in this paper.

A GUI-Based Simulation for a Protocol between Railroad Communication Devices (GUI 기반 철도용 통신장치간 프로토콜 시뮬레이션)

  • Kang, Moon-Ho;Hwang, Jong-Gyu;Lee, Jae-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2003.07d
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    • pp.2630-2632
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 철도 선로변에 설치되는 LDTS(Local Data Transmission System)와 EIS(Electronic Interlocking System) 사이의 인터페이스를 위한 정보전송 프로토콜에 대한 성능검증 시뮬레이션을 위한 것으로, LDTS와 EIS사이의 링크사양, 전송 메시지 정보 및 형식, 장치간 전송 프로토콜 기준 등을 분석하여 파라미터들을 추출한 후, 이들을 ARQ, FEC, HARQ 방식들에 적용하여 처리율(Throughput) 및 여러 설계변수들에 대한 시뮬레이션 결과를 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션 프로그램은 Matlab과 Matlab GUI 툴을 이용하여 작성하여 사용자가 손쉽게 시뮬레이션 파라미터들을 조정할 수 있도록 하였고, Matlab 프로그램 완성후에는 이를 Stand-alone C++ 프로그램으로 코드변환하여 Matlab이 설치되지 않은 컴퓨터에서도 프로그램 사용이 가능하도록 하였다.

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A Study of Greenhouse Gas Emission Rates from LDTs according to Emission Certification Modes and Real-World Vehicle Driving Cycles in Korea (차량인증모드와 실도로 주행모드별 국내 경유 소형화물 자동차의 온실가스 배출특성 분석)

  • Kim, Ji Young;Seo, Chungyoul;Son, Jihwan;Park, Junhong;Moon, Taeyoung;Lee, Sangeun;Kim, Jeongsoo
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.235-243
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    • 2012
  • Mobile sources are one of the most significant contributors to the inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG). The administration in Korea has set a goal of cutting GHG emissions of vehicles by 34.3% compared to Business As Usual (BAU) by 2020. To achieve this goal, GHG emission standards for vehicles have been applied since 2012, and now light-duty trucks are under consideration to be included to the vehicle types that will be regulated in the new version of GHG emission standards. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing characteristics of exhaust GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions of diesel light-duty trucks according to their various driving modes. GHGs emissions of diesel light-duty trucks reduced in inverse proportion to the speed of the vehicles. GHGs emissions from the combined mode were 8% and 14% lower than those from the CVS- 75 and NEDC modes, respectively.