• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2016

The purpose of the research is to identify the optimal seeding quantity of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria as leguminous woody plants for the cut-slope revegetation. To investigate the coverage ratio and appearance frequency, we divided Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria into five treatment groups with various quantities of $0.0g/m^2$, $1.0g/m^2$, $2.4g/m^2$, $3.8g/m^2$, and $5.2g/m^2$. For each treatment group, we mixed the identical quantities of herbaceous flowers (Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus, Dianthus sinensis, Aster yomena and Pennisetum alopecuroides) seeds and cool-season turfgrasses (Festuca arundinacea and Poa pratensis) seeds. In this result, as the seeding quantity of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria increased in the spray, the coverage ratio for leguminous woody plants appeared to increase whereas the coverage ratio decreased in herbaceous flowers and cool-season turfgrasses. However, when the seeding quantity of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria exceeded $3.8g/m^2$ in the spray, the coverage ratio of leguminous woody plants rather decreased compared to four treatment groups less than $3.8g/m^2$ seeding ratio. Based on the longitudinal data of coverage ratio in five treatment groups, we observed the gradual process of a short-term succession in which the dominant species shifted in the following order: First, cool-season turfgrasses; Second, herbaceous flowers; Third, leguminous woody plants. Comparing the appearance frequency of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya appeared more frequent in 2014 whereas Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria appeared to be relatively more frequent in 2015. As a result, Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria was discovered to be a dominant species among woody plants. In this study, we observed that the optimal seeding quantity of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria was $2.4g/m^2{\sim}3.8g/m^2$. Moreover, the coverage ratio of 29.1%~35.4% and appearance frequency of 4.6plants~5.8plants were found in the condition of optimal seeding quantity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 1998

This study measured the shearing resistance of the roots of the Sasamorpha purpurascens, Miscanthus sinensis, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya by the tensile strength gained through their individual tensile test for the Root Reinforcement Model. The results to have measured this stress by experiment are as follows. 1) The mean root diameter of the Lespedeza cyrtobotrya used for this experiment was 2.19mm and the mean tensile stress was calculated as $929.489kgf/cm^2$. As for the Sasamorpha purpurascens, its mean root diameter was 1.727mm, and the mean tensile stress was $292.069kgf/cm^2$. And as for the Miscanthus sinensis, its mean root diameter was 0.814mm, and the mean tensile stress was $696.947kgf/cm^2$. And so, it was grasped that Lespedeza cyrtobotrya was highest in tensile stress. 2) ${\Delta}Cr(kg/cm^2)$ of the shearing resistance calculated by estimating the areal ratio of roots at $10^{-3}$ is $1.069kg/cm^2$ in Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, $0.336kg/cm^2$ in Sasamorpha purpurascens, and $0.801kg/cm^2$ in Miscanthus sinensis. That is, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya has the highest shearing resistance. However, since a precise analysis of the controlled factors of the slope analyses are demanded for more accurate dynamic analyses, the future demands a study on this.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.106-108
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• 2007

The Symptoms of witches' broom disease caused by phytoplasma including general stunting and yellowing, were observed in leafy lespedeza (Lespedeza cyrtobotrya M.) on Doam-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, in 2006. Based on the sequence analysis of PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA and 16S-23S spacer region DNA products using universal phytoplasma primers, the phytoplasma associated with leafy lespedeza witches' broom (LLWB) disease was identified as a member of Candidatus Pytoplasma trifolii. It was most closely related to alsike clover proliferation phytoplasma (99.8% similarity, accession no. AY390261), Candidatus Pytoplasma trifolii strain. RFLP patterns generated with AluI, HpaII clearly differentiated LLWB phytoplasma from the referenced phytoplasma strains, water dropwort witches' broom, mulberry dwarf, glehni aster yellow dwarf and jujube witches' broom. This paper is the first report on Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii in leafy lespedeza identified at a molecular level.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.107-114
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• 2003

This study was performed to develop the plantable concrete block using rice straw ash and apply for inclined plane. For the planting, plantable concrete block needs infiltration of water and air through void of block. The materials used for plantable concrete block are cement, rice straw ash, and coarse aggregate (5-10, 10-20 mm). Plantable block size is $23\times23\times4$ cm, and species of planting are Tall fescue, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Lespedeza cuneata. At the 6 months after seeding, germination ratio and grown-up length of Tall fescue, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Lespedeza cuneata are shown in 90%, 60%, 50%, and 40~50 cm, 90~120 cm, 60~75 cm, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.61-67
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil covering and vegetation base materials implementation on the growth of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq. in abandoned coal mine land. We compared the biomass of L. cyrtobotrya at the study plots of four different soil covering depth (control, 10cm, 20cm, and 30cm) and four different compounds of vegetation base materials composed of soil conditioner (S), erosion control (E), and peat moss (P) (control, S+P, E+P, and S+E+P). The result showed that the biomass of L. cyrtobotrya was higher in the study plots implemented with soil covering than control plot, although the increase in biomass was not constant with soil covering depth. In case of the vegetation base materials treatments, the biomass was highest in S+E+P plot, and S+P and E+P plots showed higher biomass than control plot.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.107-115
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• 2008

Herbs and plants widely used for the ecological restoration were selected for germination rate analysis under treatment of microorganisms to determine ideal treatment conditions and medium for enhanced germination rate. Albizzia julibrissin, when submerged in a nutrient medium or distilled water, presented a decrease in germination period rather than increase in germination rate. When treated with microorganism culture solution (JM-2) for 24 hours, 90% germination was achieved in two days, which is sufficient evidence to conclude that such treatment accelerates the germination of Albizzia julibrissin. Germination period decreased for Lespedeza cyrtobotrya samples submerged in microorganism solution for 15 and 48 hours, however, increases in germination rates were not observed. Sample treated in the solution for 24 hours had increased germination rate and enhanced germination period. Microorganism solution treatment had a negative effect on germination for Lespedeza cuneata, unlike Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Albizzia julibrissin. Microorganism treated seeds of Lepsedeza cuneata had a lower germination rate than that of the control with no treatment. However, submerging treatments in a nutrient medium or distilled water for 24 to 48 hours were proven effective with higher germination rates than control sample with no treatment. Herbs and plants widely used for the ecological restoration were selected for germination rate analysis under treatment of microorganisms to determine ideal treatment conditions and medium for enhanced germination rate. Albizzia julibrissin, when submerged in a nutrient medium or distilled water, presented a decrease in germination period rather than increase in germination rate. When treated with microorganism culture solution (JM-2) for 24 hours, 90% germination was achieved in two days, which is sufficient evidence to conclude that such treatment accelerates the germination of Albizzia julibrissin. Germination period decreased for Lespedeza cyrtobotrya samples submerged in microorganism solution for 15 and 48 hours, however, increases in germination rates were not observed. Sample treated in the solution for 24 hours had increased germination rate and enhanced germination period. Microorganism solution treatment had a negative effect on germination for Lespedeza cuneata, unlike Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Albizzia julibrissin. Microorganism treated seeds of Lepsedeza cuneata had a lower germination rate than that of the control with no treatment. However, submerging treatments in a nutrient medium or distilled water for 24 to 48 hours were proven effective with higher germination rates than control sample with no treatment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.874-879
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• 2008

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme for melanin biosynthesis, and hyperpigmentation disorders are associated with abnormal accumulation of melanin pigments, which can be reduced by treatment with depigmenting agents. The methanol extract of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya $M_{IQ}$ showed inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase. The active compound was purified from the methanol extract of L. cyrtobotrya, followed by several chromatographic methods, and identified as dalbergioidin (DBG) by spectroscopic methods. The results showed that DBG exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ of $20\;{\mu}M$. The kinetic analysis of tyrosinase inhibition revealed that DBG acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor. In addition, DBG showed a melanin biosynthesis inhibition zone in the culture plate of Streptomyces bikiniensis that has commonly been used as an indicator organism. Furthermore, $27\;{\mu}M$ DBG decreased more than 50% of melanin contents on the pigmentation using the immortalized mouse melanocyte, melan-a cell.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.988-994
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• 2010

The EtOAc fraction of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya showed mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory and radical scavenging activities. Four active compounds were isolated based on Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and HPLC, and the structures were elucidated, on the basis of their LC-MS and NMR spectral data, as 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-hydroxybenzofuran (1), eriodictyol-7-O-glucopyranoside (2), haginin A (3), and dalbergioidin (4), respectively. Compound (1) showed mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $5.2\;{\mu}M$ and acted as a competitive inhibitor. Furthermore, $37.3\;{\mu}M$ of compound 1 reduced 50% of the melanin content on human melanoma (MNT-1) cells. The radical scavenging activities of compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 were shown to have $IC_{50}$ values of 11.0, 24.5, 9.0, and $36.5\;{\mu}M$, respectively, in an ABTS system and $IC_{50}$ values of 42.7, 36.0, 37.7, and $61.7\;{\mu}M$, respectively, in a DPPH system. The mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the EtOAc fraction of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya was contributed by compounds 1, 3, and 4, and its radical scavenging activity was contributed by compounds 1-4.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soil covering depth and vegetation base materials on the competition between Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. and Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq., which were grown in an abandoned coal mine land for three years after seeding, by comparing their growth and stem density. The study site was consisted of sub-plots with four different soil covering depths (0cm, 10cm, 20cm, and 30cm) and four different compounds of vegetation base materials (peat moss (control), soil conditioner+peat moss (S+P), erosion control material+peat moss (E+P), and soil conditioner+erosion control material+peat moss (S+E+P)). Results of this study showed opposite pattern between P. densiflora and L. cyrtobotrya with different soil covering depth and compounds of vegetation base materials in general. P. densiflora showed the highest growth and stem density in plots with 10cm and 0cm depths of soil covering, respectively, while the lowest was shown in plots with 20cm depth of soil covering. In contrast, L. cyrtobotrya showed the highest growth and stem density in plots with 20cm depth of soil covering, while the lowest was shown in plots with 0cm depth of soil covering. In case of vegetation base materials, P. densiflora showed the highest growth and stem density in control plots and plots treated with S+P, respectively, while the lowest was shown in plots with S+E+P treatment. On the other hand, L. cyrtobotrya showed the highest growth and stem density in plots treated with S+E+P, while the lowest was shown in control plots. These results suggested the competition between two plants as a major cause of opposite patterns, which is induced by the suppressed growth and stem density of P. densiflora by fast growing L. cyrtobotrya. Despite the suppression of L. cyrtobotrya on P. densiflora, L. cyrtobotrya can play a positive role in improving soil quality, and thus it would be more desirable for restoring abandoned coal mine land to manage the growth of L. cyrtobotrya periodically, rather than eliminate them.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2020

In September 2017, a heavy damage by premature defoliation with the zonate leaf spots was observed in several shrubs of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya growing at Mt. Obongsan in Chuncheon, Korea. Numerous cone-shaped, white sporophores of a fungus were observed on lesions of the abaxial leaf surface. A similar fungus was isolated in September 2019 from the leaves of L. cyrtobotrya growing at Mt. Taegisan in Hoengseong, Korea. The morphological characteristics of the sporophores were consistent with those of Grovesinia moricola. The species identification was confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA from the two isolates (KACC48417 and KACC48934). The fungal pathogenicity was determined by an artificial inoculation in conditions of relative humidity and temperature of 100% and 15±2℃, respectively. This is the first report of association of G. moricola with L. cyrtobotrya in Korea.