• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.17-30
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• 2020

In this study, liquefaction evaluation was performed by applying liquefaction evaluation criteria commonly applied in Korea and recently revised evaluation criteria to five sites where liquefaction was observed or potential for liquefaction was high during the 2017 Pohang earthquake. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of the revised domestic liquefaction evaluation criteria by comparing and reviewing the results of the theoretical liquefaction evaluation with the actual liquefaction occurrence at the sites. For the analysis of earthquakes for the evaluation of the liquefaction, the actual Pohang earthquake wave, as well as the waves that was conventionally used in Korea, was used. The magnitude of the peak ground acceleration of analysis earthquake varied from 0.097 g to 0.2713 g. From the analysis results, the validity of the liquefaction evaluation criteria presented in the 2016 Foundation Design Criteria, which has been commonly applied in Korea, was evaluated. From the evaluation results, the improvement of the existing criteria was suggested, and the suitability of revised items of liquefaction evaluation criteria presented in the Seismic Design General established in 2018 was confirmed.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.197-209
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• 2020

Evidence of liquefaction during the 2017 Pohang earthquake has highlighted the urgent need to evaluate the current seismic design standard for liquefaction in Korea, particularly the liquefaction triggering standard. With the simplified method, which is the most popular method for evaluating liquefaction triggering, the factor of safety for liquefaction triggering is calculated via the cyclic stress ratio (CSR) and the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR). The parameters in the CSR and CRR have undergone changes over time based on new research findings and lessons learned from liquefaction case-histories. Hence, the current design standard for liquefaction triggering evaluation in Korea should also reflect these changes to achieve seismic safety during future earthquakes. In this study, liquefaction susceptibility criteria were discussed initially and this was followed by a review of the current liquefaction triggering codes/guidelines in other countries and Korea. Next, the parameters associated with the CSR such as the maximum ground acceleration, stress reduction factor, magnitude scaling factor, and overburden correction factor were discussed in detail. Then, the evaluation of the CRR using the SPT N-value and CPT qc-value was elaborated along with overburden and clean-sand correction factors. Based on this review of liquefaction triggering evaluation standards, recommendations are made for improving the current seismic design standard related to liquefaction triggering in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.477-484
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• 2001

In this paper shows the evaluation of the liquefaction potential of soils using in situ test. There are different types of in situ test used in the evaluation the liquefaction potential. In the particular study the Standard penetration test(SPT), Cone penetration test(CPT), ad Seismic cone penetration test (SCPT) were used. The SPT N value has been used all over for a very long time. The evaluation of the liquefaction of soil was preformed using the worldwide renowned CPT and SCPT. Shake 91 program was used to evaluate the results obtained by different in situ test and were later analyzed.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.151-167
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• 2023

This study compares the revised method in loose saturated sandy ground where the LNG storage tank will be installed with an evaluation method by one-dimensional effective stress analysis using the UBC3D-PLM model. Various laboratory and field tests were conducted to establish the parameters necessary for evaluation. The revised liquefaction evaluation method using the seismic response analysis result and N value from standard penetration testing evaluated the possibility of liquefaction as high, but assessment using effective stress analysis, which can consider various liquefaction resistance factors, found the site to be somewhat stable against liquefaction. One-dimensional finite element analysis using UBC3D-PLM modeling facilitated easier assessment of stability against liquefaction than the other methods and minimized the area required for reinforcement against liquefaction. In addition, it is expected that two-and three-dimensional numerical analysis considering the foundation of the LNG storage tank can identify the seismic design and behavior when liquefaction occurs.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.443-450
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• 2001

This paper shows the reduction effect of tile earthquake-induced liquefaction potential of soils that improved by Vibro-Replacement Stone Columns. The Vibro-Replacement Stone Columns method transforms soft cohesive soils into a composite mass of compacted granular or crushed stone columns by using vibrating equipment and water jets. This study investigated and analyzed the behavior of the stone columns and composite ground using the results of in situ test and measurement at the job-site. This paper shows the evaluation of the earthquake-induced liquefaction potential of soils using in situ test. There are different types of in situ test used in the evaluation the liquefaction potential. In the particular study the Standard penetration test, and Cone penetration test were used. The N value of Standard Penetration test has been used all over for a very long time. The evaluation of the liquefaction of soil was performed using the worldwide renewed Cone penetration test

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.1-14
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• 1993

Ground reinforcements is the essential method to prevent the liquefaction of loose sand deposit, However, in the construction of the life lines, it is impossible to treat the whole loose deposit against liquefaction. As an countmeasure for the life lines against the liquefaction, a monitorning system can be considered for an immediate judgement of the liquefaction occurrence during an earthquake. Through shaking table tests on model grounds, pore presure developments were investigated in terms of the surface spectral velocity, which was verified as a tool for the immediate judgement of the liquefaction occurrence.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.28-35
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• 2001

Liquefaction potential on the specific site of nuclear power plant is analyzed and reviewed. The layered site fur this study consists of silt and sand. Based on the limited available soil data, maximum shear strength at critical locations using Seed & Idriss method and computer program SHAKE is calculated, and liquefaction potential is reviewed. Seismic input motion used fur the assessment of liquefaction is the artificial time history compatible with the US NRC regulatory Guider .60. Assessment results of the liquefaction are validated by analyzing to the other typical soil fecundations which can show the effects of foundation depth and soil data.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.37-46
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• 2019

Recently, the use of CPT-based liquefaction assessment method has increased by providing more accurate results than other field tests. In CPT-based liquefaction evaluation, various soil properties are predicted and they are used for liquefaction potential assessment. In particular, fines content is one of the important input parameters in CPT-based liquefaction assessment, so it is very important to use correct prediction model and to make quantitative evaluation of estimating variability of fines content. In this study, the error evaluation of existing models for prediction of fines content through CPT was performed, and the most suitable model was selected for Pohang area, where the liquefaction phenomenon was observed in the 2017. In addition, the inherent variability of soil was analyzed, and the estimating variability of fines content was evaluated quantitatively considering the inherent variability of soil, measurement error of CPT and transformation uncertainty of selected model.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.105-111
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• 2000

If a saturate sand is subjected to ground vibrations it tends to compact and decrease in volume. if drainage is unable to occur the tendency to decrease in volume results in an increase in pore water pressure and if the pore water pressure build up to the point at which it is equal to the overburden pressure the effective stress becomes zero the sand loses its strength completely. This phenomenon is called "Liquefaction" It is associated primarily but not exclusively with saturated cohesion soils. The attention and study on liquefaction have been growing since the earthquake in Niigita Japan in 1964. Many researchers on liquefaction effect have been carried out in many countries under the potential influence of earthquake including Japan. However little research on liquefaction has been reported in Korea because Korea has been considered to be safe from earthquake. The term "liquefaction" is only known among geotechnical engineers,. In this paper overview of liquefaction and the evaluation on the applicability of vibrated crushed-stone pile as a liquefaction prevention method are presented.ethod are presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.590-599
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• 2006

In this study, Liquefaction characteristics of saturated sand under various dynamic loadings such as sinusoidal loading, increasing wedge loading, and real earthquake loading were investigated focusing on the dissipated energy. From the results of cyclic triaxial test, liquefaction resistance strength was calculated by the concept of energy according to the type of input loading. Liquefaction resistance strength was expressed in accumulated dissipated energy calculated from stress-strain curve(hysteresis loop). The dissipated energy according to loading type was compared and the energy-based evaluation was proposed. The procedures are presented in terms of normalized energy demand(NED), normalized energy capacity(NEC), and factor of safely, where NED is the load imparted to the soil by the loading(both amplitude and duration), NEC is the demand required to induce liquefaction, and factor of safely is defined as the ratio of NEC and NED.