• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 1976

The effects of the ether extract of Zizyphi spinosi semen and lithium chloride on the serum ceruloplasmin level in blood of rabbits were examined. An oral dose 1gm/kg/day of the ether extract and oral dose of lithium chloride 1 Meq/kg/day with 1gm/kg/day of the ether extract were administered respectively to rabbits for eight days, The results are: 1)Serum ceruloplasmin level in blood of the rabbits treated with the ether extract was higher than that of the control group. 2)The level of the rabbits treated with both the ether extract and lithium chloride was higher than that of the control. 3)The administration of lithium chloride alone also increased ceruloplasmin blood level.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.259-267
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• 1978

In order to find out the selective reducing characteristics of lithium borohydride, borane, and borane-lithium chloride (1 : 0.1) in the reduction of carbonyl compounds, five representative equimolar mixtures of carbonyl compounds were chosen; benzaldehyde-acetophenone, benzaldehyde-2-heptanone, 2-heptanone-benzophenone, acetophenone-benzophenone, and 2-heptanone-acetophenone, and reacted with limited amount of lithium borohydride, borane or borane-lithium chloride (1 : 0.1) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at $0^{\circ}$. Borane-lithium chloride (1 : 0.1) showed the excellent selectivity, however, lithium borohydride and borane also exhibited good selectivity except for the 2-heptanone-acetophenone.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.222-228
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• 2019

In this study, we carried out the experiment to prepare lithium carbonate powder through gas-liquid reactions with a lithium-containing solution and $CO_2$ gas using lithium hydroxide, lithium chloride, and lithium sulfate. Thermodynamically, the carbonation reaction of a lithium-containing solution showed that aqueous reaction of lithium hydroxide occurs spontaneously, but aqueous reactions of lithium chloride and lithium sulfate does not occur spontaneously. In the case of lithium hydroxide solution, the recovery rate of lithium carbonate was 69.8 % at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$), and increased to 89.4 % at $60^{\circ}C$. In the case of lithium chloride and lithium sulfate solution, lithium carbonate could be prepared using sodium hydroxide as an additive, but the recovery rates were 19.2 % and 16.7 %, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.66-69
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• 1986

The reaction of potassium trialkoxyborohydrides of varying steric requirements with lithium chloride in tetrahydrofuran(THF) was examined in detail to establish the generality of this synthesis of the corresponding lithium trialkoxyborohydrides. The metal ion exchange reaction between potassium triisopropoxyborohydride and lithium chloride in THF proceeded instantly at room temperature and the corresponding lithium salt was very stable toward disproportionation. However, for R = s-Bu, t-Bu and 2-methylcyclohexyl, with increasing steric requirement, the lithium derivatives were unstable and thus dissociated into $(RO)BH_3^-\;and\; (RO)_4B^-$. The stereoselectivity of lithium triisopropoxyborohydride(LIPBH) in the reduction of representative cyclic ketones was examined and compared with that of the potassium derivative.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2023

Efforts are currently underway to develop a method for efficiently recovering lithium from the cathode material of waste lithium iron phosphate batteries (LFP). The successful application of lithium battery recycling can address the regional ubiquity and price volatility of lithium resources, while also mitigating the environmental impact associated with both waste battery material and lithium production processes. The isomorphic substitution leaching process was used to recover lithium from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries. Lithium was leached by the isomorphic substitution of Fe²⁺ in LFP using a relatively inexpensive ferric chloride etching solution as a leaching agent. In the study, the leaching rate of lithium was compared using the ferric chloride etching solution at various multiples of the LFP molar ratio: 0.7, 1.0, 1.3, and 1.6 times. The highest lithium leaching rate was shown at about 98% when using 1.3 times the LFP molar ratio. Subsequently, to eliminate Fe, the leachate was treated with NaOH. The Fe-free solution was then used to synthesize lithium carbonate, and the harvested powder was characterized and validated. The surface shape and crystal phase were analyzed using SEM and XRD analysis, and impurities and purity were confirmed using ICP analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.91-94
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• 2007

It is essential every concrete structure should continue to perform its intended functions, that is maintain its required strength and durability, during the service life. However, deterioration occurs more progressively from the outside of concrete exposed to severe conditions. Deterioration in the concrete structure is due to carbonation and chloride ion attack. Therefore, concrete structure is needed to surface protection for increase durability using impregnant. Impregnant classify into two large groups in polymeric and silicate materials. Silicate impregnant is included silane and alkali silicate(sodium and lithium silicate). Thus, this study is concerned with carbonation and chloride ion resistance of self cleaning hydrophilic impregnant of concrete structure using lithium and potassium silicate. From the experimental test result, lithium and potassium silicate have a good properties as a carbonation and chloride ion resistance. Lithium and potassium silicate make good use of hydrophilic impregnant.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.366-369
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• 1985

The reactions of (E)-1-hexenylboronic acid (1) or (E)-${\beta}$-phenylethenylboronic acid (2) with various olefins in acetonitrile at room temperature in the presence of lithium palladium chloride and triethylamine gave the corresponding (E, E)-conjugated dienes stereospecifically in good yields. (E)-${\beta}$-Phenylethenylboronic acid (2) was more reactive than (E)-1-hexenylboronic acid (1) in these vinylations. And these vinylations were also carried out catalytically when 10 mol % of lithium palladium chloride and cupric chloride, as the reoxidant of palladium, or 10 mol % of palladium acetate and mercuric acetate were added instead of stoichiometric amount of lithium palladium chloride.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.296-298
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• 1986

Carboxylic acid anhydrides are rapidly reduced with borane-lithium chloride (1:0.1) system to give corresponding alcohols (diols in the case of cyclic anhydride) quantitatively in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. This reagent tolerates aromatic acid ester, nitro, and halide functional groups, however competitively reduces aliphatic ester and nitrile groups.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.2711-2718
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• 2012

The alkylation of the ambident enolates of a methyl glycinate Schiff base with ethyl chloride was studied at B3LYP and MP2 levels with $6-31+G^*$ basis set. The free (E)-enolates and (Z)-enolate are similar in energy and geometry. The transition states for the alkylation of the free (E)/(Z)-enolate with ethyl chloride have similar energy barriers of ~13 kcal/mol. However, with a lithium ion, the (E)-enolate behaves as an ambident enolate and makes a cyclic lithium-complex in bidentate pattern which is more stable by 11-23 kcal/mol than the (Z)-enolate-lithium complexes. And the TS for the alkylation of (E)-enolate-lithium complex coordinated with one methyl ether is lower in energy than those from (Z)-enolate-lithium complexes by 4.3-7.3 kcal/mol. Further solvation model (SCRF-CPCM) and reaction coordinate (IRC) were studied. This theoretical study suggests that the alkylation of ambident enolates proceeds with stable cyclic bidentate complexes in the presence of metal ion and solvent.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 1979

In order to observe the contents of some minerals in Korean daily food, the lithium, sodium and potassium were determined by E.E.L flame photometry. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The lithium content was most higher (13. 8 to 16.8mg/100g) in sodium chloride, the contents of the lithium End sodium in each food were increased according to supplement of sodium chloride. 2) The potassium contents in garlic and bean paste were 137.6 mg and 186.3 mg per 100g sample, respectively, therefore these values were higher than the values in other samples. 3) The contents of lithium, sodium and potassium in rice, barley pressed and boiled rice lower than other samples.