• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.571-594
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• 2013

Railway truss bridges are amongst the essential structures in railway transportation. Minimization of the construction and maintenance costs of these trusses can effectively reduce investments in railway industries. In case of railway bridges, due to high ratio of the live load to the dead load, the moving load has considerable influence on the bridge dynamics. In this paper, optimization of the railway truss bridges under moving load is taken into consideration. The appropriate algorithm namely Hyper-sphere algorithm is used for this multifaceted problem. Through optimization the efficiency of the method successfully raised about 5 percent, compared with similar algorithms. The proposed optimization carried out on several typical railway trusses. The influences of buckling, deformation constraints, and the optimum height of each type of truss, assessed using a simple approximation method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.1811-1820
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• 2010

Most components in the real world show nonlinear response. The nonlinearity may arise because of contact between the parts, nonlinear material, or large deformation of the components. Structural optimization considering nonlinearities is fairly expensive because sensitivity information is difficult to calculate. To overcome this difficulty, the equivalent load method was proposed for nonlinear response optimization. This method was originally developed for size and shape optimization. In this study, the equivalent load method is modified to perform topology optimization considering all kinds of nonlinearities. Equivalent load is defined as the load for linear analysis that generates the same response field as that for nonlinear analysis. A simple example demonstrates that results of the topology optimization using equivalent load are very similar to the numerical results. Nonlinear response topology optimization is performed with a practical example and the results are compared with those of conventional linear response topology optimization.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.209-231
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• 2020

In order to evaluate the performance of three heuristic optimization algorithms, namely, simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for optimal stacking sequence of laminated composite plates with respect to critical buckling load and non-dimensional natural frequencies, a multi-objective optimization procedure is developed using the weighted summation method. Classical lamination theory and first order shear deformation theory are employed for critical buckling load and natural frequency computations respectively. The analytical critical buckling load and finite element calculation schemes for natural frequencies are validated through the results obtained from literature. The comparative study takes into consideration solution and computational time parameters of the three algorithms in the statistical evaluation scheme. The results indicate that particle swarm optimization (PSO) considerably outperforms the remaining two methods for the special problem considered in the study.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 2017

This paper deals with critical buckling load optimization of symmetric angle-ply laminated stepped flat columns under axial compression load. The design objective is the maximization of the critical buckling load and the design variable is the fiber orientations in the layers of the laminates. The classical laminate plate theory is used for the finite element solution of the laminated stepped flat columns. The modified feasible direction (MFD) method is used for the optimization routine. For this purpose, a program based on FORTRAN is exploited. Finally, the optimization results are presented for width ratios (b/B), ratios of fillet radius ($r_1/r_2$), aspect ratios (L/B) and boundary conditions. The results are presented in graphical and tabular forms and the results are compared.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.76 no.4
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• pp.529-540
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• 2020

Concurrent topology optimization of macrostructure and microstructure has attracted significant interest due to its high structural performance. However, most of the existing works are carried out under deterministic conditions, the obtained design may be vulnerable or even cause catastrophic failure when the load position exists uncertainty. Therefore, it is necessary to take load position uncertainty into consideration in structural design. This paper presents a computational method for robust concurrent topology optimization with consideration of load position uncertainty. The weighted sum of the mean and standard deviation of the structural compliance is defined as the objective function with constraints are imposed to both macro- and micro-scale structure volume fractions. The Bivariate Dimension Reduction method and Gauss-type quadrature (BDRGQ) are used to quantify and propagate load uncertainty to calculate the objective function. The effective properties of microstructure are evaluated by the numerical homogenization method. To release the computation burden, the decoupled sensitivity analysis method is proposed for microscale design variables. The bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method is used to obtain the black-and-white designs. Several 2D and 3D examples are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed robust concurrent topology optimization method.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.421-427
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• 2014

Most of the structure of the real world is influenced under dynamic loads. However, when structure analysis and the structural optimization is performed, it is assumed that the static load acts on structure. When considering the actual load of dynamic loads in order to take into account a variety of loads, computational resources and time becomes a big burden in terms of cost. However, considering only the simple static load condition is not preferable for structural safety. For this reason, a lot of studies have been conducted trying to compensate this trouble by applying weight factor or replacing dynamic load with the equivalent static load. In this study, structural optimization techniques for structures under dynamic loads is proposed by applying the equivalent static load. From previous study, after determining the positions of equivalent static load based on primary degrees of freedom, the equivalent static load is calculated through the optimization process. In this process, the equivalent static load optimization of previous research is complemented by adding constraints to avoid excessively large load extraction. In numerical examples, dynamic load is applied to the truss structure and the plate. Then, the reliability of the proposed optimization technique is verified by carrying out size optimization with the equivalent static load.

• Composites Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.297-310
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• 2015

This study aims to develop efficient composite laminates for buckling load enhancement, interlaminar shear stress minimization, and weight reduction. This goal is achieved through cover-skin lay-ups around skins and stiffeners, which amplify bending stiffness and defer delamination by means of effective stress distribution. The design problem is formulated as multi-objective optimization that maximizes buckling load capability while minimizing both maximum out-of-plane shear stress and panel weight. For efficient optimization, response surface methodology is employed for buckling load, two out-of-plane shear stresses, and panel weight with respect to one ply thickness, six fiber orientations of a skin, and four stiffener heights. Numerical results show that skin-covered composite stiffened panels can be devised for maximum buckling load and minimum interlaminar shear stresses under compressive load. In addition, the effects of different material properties are investigated and compared. The obtained results reveal that the composite stiffened panel with Kevlar material is the most effective design.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.219-224
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• 2017

In facing the lack of a deterministic algorithm for economic load dispatch optimization problem, only non-deterministic heuristic algorithms have been suggested. Worse still, there is a near deficiency of research devoted to real-time load dispatch optimization algorithm. In this paper, therefore, I devise a shut-off and swap algorithm to solve real-time load dispatch optimization problem. With this algorithm in place, generators with maximum cost-per-unit generation power are to be shut off. The proposed shut-off criteria use only quadratic function in power generation cost function without valve effect nonlinear absolute function. When applied to the most prevalent economic load dispatch benchmark data, the proposed algorithm is proven to largely reduce the power cost of known algorithms.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2000

This paper is concerned with the optimization of the drive for linear-guide press which is one of mechanical presses. The design of linear-guide drive for a mechanical press is introduced and the drive for the linear-guide press is optimized for the improvement of load and velocity characteristics. As a result of optimization, the load capacity during stroke increases and the slide velocity decreases in working region, respectively. The new design could be suited to many applications in precision forming such as extrusion and the sheet metal-forming processes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2004

Generally, structural optimization is carried out based on external static loads. All forces have dynamic characteristics in the real world. Mathematical optimization with dynamic loads is extremely difficult in a large-scale problem due to the behaviors in the time domain. In practical applications, it is customary to transform the dynamic loads into static loads by dynamic factors, design codes, and etc. But the optimization results with the unreasonably transformed loads cannot give us good solutions. Recently, a systematic transformation has been proposed as an engineering algorithm. Equivalent static loads are made to generate the same displacement field as the one from dynamic loads at each time step of dynamic analysis. Thus, many load cases are used as the multiple loading conditions which are not costly to include in modem structural optimization. In this research, the proposed algorithm is applied to the optimization of flexible multibody dynamic systems. The equivalent static load is derived from the equations of motion of a flexible multibody dynamic system. A few examples that have been solved before are solved to be compared with the results from the proposed algorithm.