• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.383_384
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• 2009

After the 1970s, the importance of underground transmission systems increased and the construction rate of underground transmission lines also showed increasing trends each year, especially in metropolitan areas. Accordingly the social ripple effects are very large and wide when the fault occurs in underground power system, and the amount of time and money spent to restore the system also increases. So we must ensure stable operation and long-term reliability of the facilities. In Korea's case, long-term reliability tests for EHV power cables and accessories progressed poorly because equipment was not compatible for long-term reliability tests. Therefore we planned to construct a long-term reliability test field for EHV underground cables in order to ensure international quality reliability and optimal power cable operation techniques. The Gochang Underground Cable Test Field is under construction, funded by the Korean government, the govenment's union investment department, KEPCO, KERI and three private cable corporations. This project began in March, 2005 and will be completed by February, 2010. It is designed to promote joint research by incorporating several types of test equipment, construction of operating facilities, and being an internationally certified authority.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.255-257
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• 2003

The reliability of power transmission lines depends on long-term performance of the suspension insulators used on the lines. The importance of such long-term performance of the insulators has been recently noted, but its evaluation method has not been established yet. In this paper, various causes of insulator deterioration are verified and laboratory test method for evaluating the long term performance of insulators are studied.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2017

Purpose - This research investigates whether e-service quality has the influence on long-term orientation, consumer commitment, and satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collection took place for 30 days from October 1, 2015 to October 31, 2015. 315 copies had been analyzed. Covariance structure analysis with credibility and factor analysis was conducted to verify this research hypotheses. Results - First, the lower dimension concepts of e-service quality, reliability, and tangibility had a significant influence on customer commitment, and responsiveness had a significant negative influence. However, aesthetics did not have a significant influence on that. Secondly, aesthetics had a significant influence on long-term orientation, but reliability, tangibility, and responsiveness did not have a significant influence. Thirdly, reliability, tangibility, and aesthetics had a positive influence on customer satisfaction. However, responsiveness had a negative influence. Fourthly, customer commitment had a significant and positive influence on customer satisfaction, but customer commitment and customer satisfaction had a negative influence on long-term orientation. Conclusions - This research verifies the influencing relationship between e-service quality of a franchise coffee shop application with customer commitment, customer satisfaction, and long term orientation. By the results of this research, possibility of application and expansion of theory has been proven.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.130-142
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Pain in Older Adults Knowledge Survey (K-POAKS) to assess knowledge of pain in older adults including people with dementia for use in long-term care hospital nurses. Methods: Survey data were collected from a convenience sample of 179 nurses who have worked in long-term care hospitals in B, D and U cities. The Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 for internal consistency for test reliability was conducted. The content, criterion-related and construct validity were evaluated using SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: The KR 20 was .75 and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was a range of 0.84~1.00. The criterion-related validity was positively correlated with attitudes (r=.28, p<.001) and performance (r=.21, p=.004). The construct validity of K-POAKS was analyzed by conducting the principal component method using the exploratory factor analysis varimax rotation, and seven factors were derived above the eigenvalue of 1.0. The seven factors explained 58.5% of the total variation. Conclusion: The Korean version of the POAKS showed satisfactory internal reliability, content validity, criterion-related validity and construct validity. These results suggest that the K-POAKS could be used as a suitable tool to measure the knowledge of the aged people's pain, including that of dementia patients for long-term care hospital nurses.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2018

Purpose: To test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Person-centered Climate Questionnaire-staff version (KPCQ-S) in long-term care institutions. Methods: A total of 297 staff in long-term care institutions including nine nursing homes (NHs) and 4 long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) were included. The KPCQ-S was developed following the WHO guidelines of the process of translation and adaptation of instruments. An internal consistency using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was tested for reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to examine the construct validity. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined using Pearson correlation. Results: EFA demonstrated the construct validity of the 14-item KPCQ-S with three-factor solutions, specifically three factors (safety, everydayness, and community) in NHs and four factors (safety, everydayness, community, and comprehensibility) in LTCHs. Convergent validity was found in the correlation with the work satisfaction (r=.55). The KPCQ-S showed satisfactory internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.91$). Conclusion: The KPCQ-S is found to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring staff perceptions of the person centeredness of long-term care environments.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Purpose: This was a methodological study to develop a valid and reliable health assessment tool for middle-aged adults in long-term care settings (HATMAL). Methods: At the first stage of this study, initial 56-items HATMAL were derived via literature review, survey for needs assessment, and focus group interviews with experts. At the second stage, 54 items HATMAL were finalized via content validity test with 5 experts and a pilot study with 30 nurses. At the third stage, validity and reliability tests were conducted with 100 middle-aged patients in a long-term care hospital. Data were analyzed by factor analysis using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: Exploratory factor analysis resulted in 3 factors; functional assessment, symptom assessment, and comfort assessment. These 3 factors explained 83.8% of total variance and construct validity was confirmed. Test-retest reliability was .67 for appetite changes, .76 for regulating for behavior problems, and 1.0 for other items. Conclusion: Results indicate that HATMAL is valid and reliable to assess the health for middle-aged patients in long-term care settings. This study would contribute to provide more effective personalized treatment and care for middle-aged patients in long-term care settings considering their own characteristics.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2011

Reliability differentiated pricing (RDP) is known to improve the efficiency and benefits of consumers and producers. Outage costs representing the economic and non-economic consequences of service curtailments to customers can be used as an effective parameter of RDP in electricity markets. This paper examines the theoretical aspects of an RDP scheme, and derives the optimal decisions of consumers and electric utilities for long-term transactions. The proposed RDP is demonstrated through a case study on a wheeling service.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.573-582
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of the Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI), which was translated into Korean for long-term wheelchair users. This index measured 15 functional activities, including transfer, self-care, wheelchair mobility and general activities. METHODS: To assess test-retest reliability, 23 long-term wheelchair users completed this self-administered index twice within the same day. Reliability was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure internal consistency. To examine concurrent validity, 21 long-term wheelchair users completed the questionnaire, and we examined the correlation between the index score and the shoulder range of motion measurements. RESULT: The results showed that the intraclass correlation for test-retest reliability of the total index score ranging from .88 to .99 was good to excellent. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha was .96. The internal consistency indicated excellent. Concurrent validity showed negative correlations of total index score to range of motion measurements of shoulder flexion (rho=-.58), extension (rho=-.09), abduction (rho=-.59), external rotation (rho=-.07) and internal rotation (rho=-.3), suggesting a relationship of total index score to loss of shoulder range of motion. CONCLUSION: The Korean WUSPI shows not only high reliability and internal consistency, but also concurrent validity with loss of shoulder flexion and abduction.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.505-511
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• 2018

Long term capacity expansion planning has to be carried out to satisfy pre-defined system reliability criterion. For purpose of assessing system reliability, probabilistic simulation technique has been widely adopted. However, the way how to approximate generator outage, especially maintenance outage, in probabilistic simulation scheme can significantly influence on reliability assessment. Therefore, in this paper, 3 different maintenance approximation methods are applied to investigate the quantitative impact of maintenance approximation method on long term capacity expansion planning.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.628-633
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• 2020

This paper presents an analysis of the shelf-life management program of the long-term storage one-shot system. The one-shot system is mainly maintained with long-term storage or non-operating status and is operated once at execution of the mission. The function corresponding to one-shot is mainly operated through a shelf-life item such as an explosive. The performance and characteristics of shelf-life item are subject to change as the storage period passes. Therefore, shelf-life management for maintaining good condition is very important during long-term storage, and criteria for management is necessary. We present a method for optimizing shelf-life extension by comparing criteria for management with current reliability. Next, the shelf-life evaluation schedule was decided by utilizing the reliability function of exponential distribution and Weibull distribution. Continuously accumulated test data from the shelf-life evaluation were analyzed, and the parameter of distribution was updated. The extension or expiration of shelf-life was selected by monitoring changes in reliability. In addition, we confirmed the applicability of the presented shelf-life management program by applying ASRP test data of the one-shot system K000 fuse.