• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of lumbar stabilization exercise and lower extremity strengthening program on pain, lower extremity muscle in patients with chronic low back pain. Method: The subject were randomly divided two groups. 15 people who were conducted lower extremity exercises and lumbar stabilization exercises called the combined exercise group and other(15 people) who were only conducted lower extremity exercise group. The assessment tools were the pain level and the led muscle power. Exercise was conducted for eight weeks. Result: Pain of the combined exercise group showed significant differences in the change in pain level(p<.05). The leg muscle power showed significant differences within group which hip flexor, extensor muscles and abductor muscles. there were significant differences within combined exercise group (p<.05). But the knee joint in each group showed a significant difference within group (p<.05). Conclusion: This study suggest that the lumbar stabilization exercises and lower extremity exercises showed more efficient results in the pain levels and leg muscles power than only the lower extremity exercise for patients with lumbar instability.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.278-286
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to compare edema and pain after completing a nurse's daily shift and to examine the effects of self leg massage which was usually used for reducing nurses' lower extremity edema and pain after their shift. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Study subjects were 81 nurses who took a self leg massage program created by the researcher. Self leg massage was done 15 times during 3 weeks. Data were collected from September 21 to October 31, 2007. The level of lower extremity edema was measured by ankle and calf circumference by a tapeline in cm and the pain score was measured by using a subjective numbering rating scale. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 12.0 program using statistics of repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in pain according to the department. There was a statistically significant difference in lower extremity edema and pain in nurses after their shift and self leg massage. Conclusion: Self leg massage was effective for relieving nurses' lower extremity edema and pain. Therefore, it is proposed that standardized self leg massage should be applied as a method for nurses' lower extremity edema and pain.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.275-285
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the application of elastic compression stocking during the stand for a long hours of works on edema and pain of lower extremities in ward nurses. Methods: The experimental group was subjected to elastic pressure tights for 5 days from the beginning to the end, and lower extremity edema and ankle and calf circumference were measured. Results: "There are significant differences in lower extremity pain the experimental group of elastic compression stocking and control group" was supported(p<.001). "There are significant differences in lower extremity edema the experimental group of elastic compression stocking and control group" was supported (p<.001). Conclusion: Applying elastic pressure stocking as a method of management of lower extremity pain and lower extremity edema in ward nurses, relieving symptoms related to lower extremity pain and lower extremity edema during work. This is an effective way to prevent problems and improve the health of nurses and provide quality nursing care.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.96-99
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• 1994

Causalgia is a symptom complex usually consisting of burning pain, hyperesthesia and atrophy of the involved extremity. The pain may be aggravated by contact, motion of extremity or emotional excitement. It occurs following incomplete nerve injury. The patient was a 58-year-old male with a 3-year history of causalgic pain of left lower extremity. He had multiple fractures with degloving injury of left lower extremity in an automobile accident. The pain was exacerbated by movement, and he experienced knee joint and ankle joint contracture. The patient's pain decreased after continuous epidural block with 1% lidocaine and 0.25% bupivacaine. He also received lumbar sympathetic ganglion alcohol block resulting in much improvement of level of pain and walking disturbance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.55-63
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• 2002

Human body balances right and left leg centering around pelvis and spine. Therefore, imbalance of lower extremity means disequilibrium of the body. The difference of lower extremity length can cause a number of clinic symptoms including scoliosis, low back pain, sacroiliac pain, and sports injury. In this study, we tried to analyze low back pain and joint stiffness resulting from the difference of lower extremity length. The subjects were 80 male students who are 20-25 years old. The results of this study were as following: 1. Low back pain depending on the difference of lower extremity length One group which the difference of lower extremity length is above 12mm showed average different length as 18.0mm, the other group which one is below 12mm showed as 6.3mm. A group of above 12mm had more severe low back pain than a group of below 12mm. 2. Joint stiffness depending on the difference of lower extremity length A group of above 12mm had more severe joint stiffness than a group of below 12mm.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 2014

Background: The case study examined the effect of a hip joint traction and hip posterolateral muscles strengthening on knee pain, range of motion, and lower extremity function scale of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Although PFPS has previously been attributed to quadriceps dysfunction, more recent research has linked this condition to impairment of the hip musculature and kinematic. Methods: Subject is a 27-years-old female with PFPS. Performed hip joint traction with belt and posterolateral muscles(hip abductors, external rotators) strengthening for 4 weeks, 3 times a week, once a day. Before and after the therapy, measurements were made on the visual analog scale (VAS) and of the ROM, and a lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) was conducted. Results: The results showed positive changes in VAS and range of motion and lower extremity functional scale. First VAS of knee changed from 6 to 2. Second hip joint range of motion showed that internal rotation recored from $53^{\circ}$ to $58^{\circ}$ and external rotation recorded from $32^{\circ}$ to $37^{\circ}$. Third The lower extremity functional scale showed before therapy of 44; after therapy, 63. Conclusion: The hip joint traction and hip posterolateral muscles strengthening was effective in alleviating knee pain, increasing ROM and Lower extremity functional scale of the PFPS patients.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.283-287
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• 1996

Recently, continuous epidural catheter insertion is usually employed in operation and chronic pain control. Delayed migration of an extradural catheter into subdural space or subarachnoid space is a rare but life threatening complication of continuous epidural catheter insertion, especially with out patients. The symptoms may include lower extremity weakness, hypotension, drowsy and respiratory depression. We experienced two cases of lower extremity paralysis due to delayed migration into subdural or subarachnoid spaces at our pain clinic. The tecnical procedures for continuous epidural catheterization went smoothly without any complications. However, clinical signs of lower extremity paralysis and sensory loss developed gradually, about 2 hours and 30 minutes after the continuous epidural injection. Two cases were confirmed by subdurogram and myelogram.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of mulligan's straight leg raise with traction technique on angle of passive straight leg raise and length of hamstring muscle in patients with low back and radiate pain. Methods: Thirty one subjects participated in this study. The subjects were assigned to either the low back pain group (n=17) or the radiate pain group (n=14). Subjects in both groups received 3 times mulligan's straight leg raise with traction. All subjects were examined for the range of motion of lower extremity. The range of motion of lower extremity was composed of angle on straight leg raise and 90-90 straight leg raise. The range of motion of lower extremity was measured using a goniometer. Results: After 3 times of mulligan's straight leg raise with traction, significant improvements on the angle of straight leg raise and 90-90 straight leg raise were observed in the both groups (p<.05). However, there are no significant difference was observed between groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that mulligan's straight leg raise with traction provides an immediately effective in range of motion of lower extremity in patients with low back pain as well as radiate pain. Although more research is required on the effects of long-term mulligan's straight leg raise with traction on range of motion of lower extremity, our results can be useful to establish the standard parameters for range of motion of lower extremity in the clinical setting.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.65-76
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was designed to find out the differences of the acupuncture sensation by body parts. Methods : Sixty-three subjects got acupuncture at five acupoints which represent five different body parts ; head($GV_{20}$), abdomen($ST_{25}$), back($BL_{24}$), upper extremity($LU_9$), lower extremity($GB_{40}$). All subjests were asked to complete questionnaire rating the intensity of 13 kinds of acupuncture sensation(acupuncture sensation scale, ASS). We compared the subjective acupuncture sensation between the body parts. Results : Intensity of acupuncture sensation of $GV_{20}$ was significantly lower than $LU_9$(p=0.001) and $GB_{40}$(p=0.000). Sum of acupuncture sensation of $GV_{20}$ was also significantly lower than $BL_{24}$(p=0.011), $LU_9$(p=0.004) and $GB_{40}$(p=0.033). Among the 13 types of acupuncture sensation scale, tingling and aching were well sensed at $GV_{20}$ and $ST_{25}$, aching, tingling and sharp pain were well sensed at $LU_9$, $GB_{40}$, dull pain, deep pressure and heaviness were well sensed at $BL_{24}$. Conclusions : Head showed significantly lower intensity of acupuncture sensation than upper extremity and lower extremity. Among the acupuncture sensation scales, tingling and aching were well sensed at head and abdomen, aching, tingling and sharp pain were well sensed at upper extremity and lower extremity, dull pain, deep pressure and heaviness were well sensed at back.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.329-336
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences of the lower back pain, fatigue, and Achilles tendon thickness according to wearing and not wearing high heels in order to understand symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases caused by wearing high heels in college students. lower extremity pain fatigue and achilles tendon thickness were measured in high heel wear group (n=19) and non high heels wear group (n=23). Participants' general characteristics and the lower extremity pain, fatigue, and Achilles tendon thickness were analyzed using mean, standard deviation. Differences in lower extremity pain, fatigue, and achilles tendon thickness were analyzed by independent t-test. The results showed that the difference between the participants' lower extremity pain (t=2.28, p=.028), right achilles tendon thickness (t=2.30, p=.027) and left achilles tendon thickness (t= 3.89, p<.001) The results of this study show that convergence approach can be applied as a basis for health problems in the structure and function of musculoskeletal disorders associated with wearing high heels. In the future, follow up observation according to the wearing of high heels in the same subject will be needed.