• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyography (EMG) activities of the lumbar extensor muscles during motion of trunk flexion-extension and compare range of motion (ROM) with a 3-dimensional motion analysis system of the lumbar region between subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and healthy subjects during the trunk flexion-extension, trunk rotation and trunk lateral flexion cycle. Thirty CLBP subjects and thirty healthy subjects were included. We measured the root mean square (RMS) value of the lumbar extensor muscles from resting, standing, lumbar flexion and return position. The RMS ratio was normalized from maximal EMG activity of the lumbar extensor muscles during trunk motion. The results of this study showed that the RMS ratio of the lumbar extensor was significantly higher in CLBP subjects than healthy subjects during all of trunk motion (p<.05). The ratio of the highest RMS value during flexion and extension was higher in CLBP subjects than in healthy subjects (p<.05). The ROM of the lumbar region was significantly lower in CLBP subjects than healthy subjects during trunk flexion-extension, trunk rotation and lateral flexion cycle. The relationship between the RMS ratio for full lumbar flexion and the ROM of lumbar flexion was not correlated significantly. CLBP subjects have both decreased ROM of the lumbar region and higher muscle activities of the lumbar extensor muscle than healthy subjects.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.281-286
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• 2019

This study, which checked diagnostic agreement at the femoral region and lumbar region during diagnosis of osteoporosis and surveyed errors related with choosing measured parts, aimed at providing basic date for right diagnosis of osteoporosis. The study, using the first, second years of the fifth period from initial data from National Nutrition Survey, surveyed 1,637 men and 2,128 women at the age of 50 years or older. The study used kappa test to grasp the agreement between the occurrence of osteoporosis at the femoral region and lumbar region and whether or not received doctor's diagnosis. Women showed diagnostic agreement of osteoporosis at all of the femoral region and lumbar region, with diagnostic agreement of the lumbar region being higher than that of the femoral region. While, men showed diagnostic agreement of osteoporosis only at the lumbar region. Bone density changes with the age and varies depending on parts, and so, the study believes, measuring bone density should conduct all of the femoral region and lumbar region and diagnosis had better be made focused on the lumbar region.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.763-775
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• 1998

Some segment or segments of the body must compensate for the heel, and the higher the heel the greater the compensation. Such compensation was once generally thought to take place in the lumbar region and therefore to increase the lumbar lordosis. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes of lumbar sagittal curvature in barefoot and 6cm 12cm high-heel stance. We selected 19 subjects(11 males, 8 females} without history of lower back pain, significant spinal abnormality. And lateral view X-ray of lumbar region from T12 to S1 was taken of each individual. On each X-ray film, lumbar lordotic angle lumbosacral angle and lumbar segmental angles were measured by Cobb method. We drew the following interpretations from the analysis of measured variables of the lumbar region. 1. In comparison of barefoot 6cm heel 12cm heel stance, lumbar lordotic angle had a tendency to decrease according as the heel height was higher. The change in lumbar lordosis measured in high-heel stance was inconsistent with clinical forkelord of hyperlordosis in wearers of high-heeled. 2. Lumbar lordotic angle from T12 to L5 showed sex difference, and was more lordotic in female(p<0.05). 3. There was no sex difference in lumbosacral angle and lumbar segmental angles(p>0.05). 4. There was a significant correlation between lumbar lordotic angle and lumbosacral angle(r>0.60).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.479-482
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• 2015

We report a case of a 31-year-old woman with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in the pineal region with associated leptomeningeal dissemination and lumbar metastasis. The patient presented with severe headache and vomiting. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a heterogeneously enhanced tumor in the pineal region with obstructive hydrocephalus. After an urgent ventricular-peritoneal shunt, she was treated by subtotal resection and chemotherapy concomitant with radiotherapy. Two months after surgery, MRI showed no changes in the residual tumor but leptomeningeal dissemination surrounding the brainstem. One month later, she exhibited severe lumbago and bilateral leg pain. Thoracico-lumbar MRI showed drop like metastasis in the lumbar region. Finally she died five months after the initial diagnosis. Neurosurgeons should pay attention to GBM in the pineal region, not only as an important differential diagnosis among the pineal tumors, but due to the aggressive features of leptomeningeal dissemination and spinal metastasis.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.105-113
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the joint torque of triple segmental system in golf driver swing. For this purpose, joint torque were calculated. In order to determine the load on the lumbar region, a triple segmental system was set for wrist, left shoulder and lumbar, torque working on the lumbar region were estimated. For this study, a total of 7 professional golfers were sampled, and then, their driver swings were recorded with two high-speed digital video cameras (180 frames/sec.) to be synthesized into 3-dimensional images and coordinated. Then, Eular's equation was used to produce some kinematic data, which were used to calculate joint torque with Newton's function. All data were calculated using LabVIEW 6.1 graphic program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; It was found that the joint torque was generated in the direction opposite the target on wrist and shoulder during down swing, while in the direction towards the target on the lumbar region. During impact and release, the torque on the wrist joint was converted from the direction opposite the target to the direction towards the target, while the torque on the lumbar region was generated vice versa. The joints on the club-arm-shoulder were generated in the opposite direction at the beginning of down swing when the torque on the thorax-pelvis began to be generated, and then, the torque on the thorax-pelvis began to lower, while that on the club-arm-shoulder began to increase. Thus, a rapid decrease of the torque on the lumbar region linked to the low trunk acted to increase moment and joint torque on the arm-club region.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.49-55
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• 2014

Excessive lumbar flexion during sit-to-stand (STS) is a risk factor for lower back pain. Postural taping can prevent unwanted flexion of the lumbar spine. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of taping the lower back on the lumbopelvic region and hip joint kinematics during STS. Sixteen healthy subjects participated. All subjects performed the STS with and without taping of the lower back. A three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to measure the kinematics of the lumbar spine, pelvis, and hip joint during STS. The angle of the peak lumbar flexion, pelvic anterior tilting, and hip flexion and angular displacement of the lumbar spine between starting position and maximal lumbar flexion were collected. Paired t-tests, or Wilcoxon's rank-sum test for non-parametric distribution, were used to assess differences in the measurements with and without taping. A p-value <.05 was taken to indicate a significant difference. Significant differences were observed in the angle of the peak lumbar flexion, pelvic anterior tilting, hip flexion and angular displacement of the lumbar spine (p<.05). Taping was associated with a significant decrease in the angle of peak lumbar flexion and angular displacement of the lumbar spine between the starting position and maximal lumbar spine flexion. In addition, the peak angle of pelvic anterior tilting and hip flexion were significantly increased with taping. The findings of this study suggest that taping the lower back can decrease excessive lumbar flexion, and increase the pelvic anterior tilting and hip flexion motion during STS.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.148-158
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• 2000

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the back shape of school children using the phase-shifting scanning grating projection moire interferometer, which was developed by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and is useful in evaluating three dimensional back shape. Methods : In this study the subjects consisted of 1,358 pupils [711 boys(52.36%), 647 girls(47.64%)] attending elementary and middle schools in Seoul. Their ages ranged from nine to fifteen and the average age was 12.2. With the phase-shifting scanning grating projection moire interferometer, the posterior view of the body were taken to see if there are correlations of moire fringe number, width difference between left and right, and correlation between differences in moire fringe number and width on both sides in the scapular, lumbar and gluteal regions. Results : The results were as follows : I. More frequent findings of fringe were observed on the right in all regions : in the scapular region, 309 boys(43.4%) and 156 girls(24.2%) had more fringe numbers on the right side; in the lumbar region, 68 boys(9.5%) and 11 girls(1.7%); and in the gluteal region, 160 boys(22.4%) and 63 girls(9.8%). Such tendency was striking especially in the scapular and lumbar regions, and in boys rather than in girls. In the scapula, 661 subjects(48.7%) with one moire fringe on either side need further attention and 110 subjects(8.I %) with two or more are required to do follow-up radiography for scoliosis. 2. In an analysis of width difference in the trunk, the left side is wider in all regions except for the gluteal region in boys : in the scapular region 21 boys(3.0%) and 103 girls(15.9%); in the lumbar region, 87 boys(12.2%) and 250 girls(38.6%); and in the gluteal region 197 girls(30.4%) had a wider left side and 45 boys(6.3%) showed a wider right side. 3. In correlation analysis of the number of moire fringe and width difference in each region, the side where more moire fringes were observed was significantly wider in the lumbar and gluteal regions, but not in the scapular region.(p<0.01) Conclusions : From these results, it is concluded that the back shape of elementary and middle school students in Seoul shows that the right side had more moire fringes; the left side was wider; and especially in the lumbar and gluteal regions the side where more moire fringes were observed was wider.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.44-57
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to examine the relative efficacy of three active exercise programs for work-related, chronic low back pain, and to observe to what extent the programs affected the mechanical stability of the lumbar region. The subjects were 64 employees who were randomly divided into three groups to match the three active exercise programs which were performed 3 times a week for 6 months. All subjects were assessed with the same measurements at a pre-study examination, and then were reassessed at 2 weeks, 3months and 6 months after the study. The pain intensity didn't show any significant difference among the three groups. However, the Oswestry Disability Index showed significant differences among the three groups at 6 months and the lumbar and thoracic exercise groups showed significant decreases compared to the general physiotherapy group (p<.05). Maximal stretching with both hands in the overhead direction showed a significant difference among the three groups at 3 months and 6 months, and the thoracic exercise group at 6 months showed a significant increase in overhead stretching compared to the lumbar exercise and general physiotherapy groups (p<.05). The group that performed maximal stretching with both hands in the overhead direction showed the most significant among the 3 months and 6 months. At 6 months, the thoracic exercise group showed a significant increase in overhead stretching compared to the lumbar exercise and general physiotherapy groups (p<.05). The lumbar region angle of inclination showed significant differences among the three groups at 2 weeks 3 months, and 6 months, with the thoracic exercise group being decreased more significantly at 6 months than the lumbar exercise and general physiotherapy groups (p<.05). Exercise aimed at increasing thoracic mobility has an effect on lumbar stability. Furthermore, it is far more effective for lumbar stabilization than general physiotherapy and deep muscle strengthening lumbar exercise.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2002

Many pregnant women have experienced low back pain (LBP) during pregnancy and after delivery, and it has been an important component in women health. This study was designed to investigate the characteristics and management of the LBP in postpartum women. Eighty-five postpartum women were participated in this survey. Mean age of 85 women was 28.1 years. Of 85 postpartum women, 55.3% (n=47) had LBP after pregnancy. Thirty of 47 women had pain on lumbar region, 17 postpartum women had pain on sacroilium region. Of 85 postpartum women, 74% (n=54) had LBP before pregnancy and 71.8% (n=61) had LBP during pregnancy. Of 47 postpartum women who had LBP, 83% (n=39) had not received medical management for LBP, 12.8% (n=6) took medication, and 4.3% (n=2) performed self-exercise. None of postpartum women had received physical therapy during pregnancy and after delivery for treatment low back pain. The pain in SI region was more severe than in lumbar region after pregnancy according to VAS (visual analog scale) (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in VAS scores between SI pain and lumbar pain before and during pregnancy (p>.05). Pain region after delivery was related to pain region of pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy (p<.01). Pain level after delivery was related to the pain and night pain level during pregnancy (p<.01).

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.285-290
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• 1997

Horner's syndrome is a well-recognized complication of regional analgesia of neck and shoulder region, and not often a complication of lumbar or low thoracic epidural block. Recently we experienced right Horner's syndrome accompanying paralysis of right upper extremity following lumbar epidural block in for an obstetric patient. Epidurography and MRI was performed to clarify the cause of unilateral high epidural block and cervical sympathetic block. Radiologic study demonstrated a loop formation of the epidural catheter and tip of catheter was located in right anterior epidural spaced(L1-2). The initial epidurogram revealed unilateral spreading of dye in the cervical region in right epidural space. A second epidurogram, 10 minutes following, showed dye filling in left epidural space, however spread of dye in left side was limited to lumbar and low thoracic region. We concluded the most probable cause of this unilateral high epidural block was due to misplacement of the catheter into the anterior epidural space.