• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and the relevant risk factors for lumbar spondylosis (LS) among middle-aged and elderly rural Korean residents and to explore the association between radiographic LS and lower back pain (LBP) in relation to age and gender. Methods : This community-based, cross-sectional study evaluated 1512 subjects with available radiograph. The prevalence of LBP was obtained using a questionnaire and disability resulting from LBP was measured using a validated Korean version of the Oswestry disability index (ODI). In lumbar spine radiographs, vertebral levels from L1/2 to L4/5 were evaluated for the presence of osteophytes and joint-space narrowing (JSN), and Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading was applied. Results : Of 4261 subjects aged 40-79 years, data from 1512 subjects were included. The prevalence of radiographic LS indicated by grade ${\geq}2$ osteophytes and JSN were 53.9 and 15.8%, respectively. Seventy-three percent of subjects had KL grade ${\geq}2$ spondylosis and LBP was present in 36.5% of subjects. Although LS was more common among males, the prevalence of LBP was higher among females. Age, male gender and history of hand or knee arthritis were risk factors for LS. LS was significantly associated with LBP mostly among females over 60 years old and correlated with the ODI after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusion : Our study among rural Korean residents revealed a high prevalence of LS and LBP. The association between LS and LBP was observed mostly among females and LS was significantly correlated with the severity of back pain.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2018

Objective : The aim of this study was to identify the susceptibility genes responsible for lumbar spondylosis (LS) in Korean patients. Methods : Data from 1427 subjects were made available for radiographic grading and genome wide association studies (GWAS) analysis. Lateral lumbar spine radiographs were obtained and the various degrees of degenerative change were semi-quantitatively scored. A pilot GWAS was performed using the AffymetrixGenome-Wide Human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 500K array. A total of 352228 SNPs were analyzed and the association between the SNPs and case-control status was analyzed by stepwise logistic regression analyses. Results : The top 100 SNPs with a cutoff p-value of less than $3.7{\times}10^{-4}$ were selected for joint space narrowing, while a cutoff p-value of $6.0{\times}10^{-4}$ was applied to osteophytes and the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) osteoarthritis grade. The SNPs with the strongest effect on disc space narrowing, osteophytes, and K-L grade were serine incorporator 1 (rs155467, odds ratio [OR]=17.58, $p=1.6{\times}10^{-4}$), stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM1, rs210781, OR=5.53, $p=5{\times}10^{-4}$), and transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C (rs11224760, OR=3.99, $p=4.8{\times}10^{-4}$), respectively. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 was significantly associated with both disc space narrowing and osteophytes (rs1979400, OR=2.01, $p=1.1{\times}10^{-4}$ for disc space narrowing, OR=1.79, $p=3{\times}10^{-4}$ for osteophytes), while zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7C was significantly and negatively associated with both osteophytes and a K-L grade >2 (rs12457004,OR=0.25, $p=5.8{\times}10^{-4}$ and OR=0.27, $p=5.3{\times}10^{-4}$, respectively). Conclusion : We identified SNPs that potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of LS. This is the first report of a GWAS in an Asian population.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.74-84
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• 2003

Objective : We investigated association between excessiveness and deficiency of the visceral and twelve merdians and low back pain, by checking Yangdorak. Methods : Clinical studies were done 62 patients who were treated with low back pain to Dept. of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Hospital of Oriental Medicine in Semyung University from August 2, 2002 to August 20, 2002. We divided low back pain patients into lumbar vertebra strain, herniated nucleous pulposus(H.N.P.) degenerative spondylosis(D.J.D) and tested the potentiality of skin resistance(Yangdorak) to them. Results: 1. H.N.P. groups were more than another groups in comparing with the States over Physiological Limits and the and excessiveness of merdians. 2. In degenerative spondylosis groups, excessiveness of the F3(kidney) was to be superior. In H.N.P. groups deficiency of the H5(triple energiger) was to be superior. In lumbar vertebra strain groups, deficiency of the H5(triple energiger) and excessiveness of the F2(Liver) was to be very superior. Conclusions: We could investigate the relationship of the excessiveness and deficiency of the visceral and twelve merdians to low back spain patients by checking Yangdorak. Specially, Deficiency of the H5(triple energiger) and H4(Small intestine) may be helpful in diagnosis H.N.P..

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.375-382
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• 2000

The Lumbar curvation & L-S angle(Furgerson angle) were measured from the 131 patients who have taken a X-rays at Oriental hospital of Tae-jon university, and the result were obtained as folIow: 1. The number of Female patients are more than that of Male, and the number of people whose age is 61~70 are the most(29, 22.1%). 2. The number of patients who have HNP are the most(47, 33.8%), and except that of patients who have HNP, the number of patients who have Spondylosis are the most(33, 23.7%). 3. Average of lumbar curvation is $34^{\circ}$, the number of people whose lumbar curvation is $31{\sim}40^{\circ}$ is the most(43, 33.6%), and the number of people whose lumbar curvation is over $61^{\circ}$ is the least(1, 0.98%). 4. Lumbar curvation is increased with increase of age. 5. The average of Furgerson angle is $33.7^{\circ}$, the number of people whose angle is $31{\sim}40^{\circ}$ is the most(51, 39.8%), and that of people whose angle is $0{\sim}10^{\circ}$ is the least(5, 3.9%).

• Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.154-159
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• 2018

Study Design: Retrospective radiographic study. Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of concurrent degenerative cervical and lumbar spondylolisthesis. Summary of Literature Review: Concurrent degenerative cervical and lumbar spondylotic diseases have been reported. Given that severe spondylosis can result in spondylolisthesis, one might expect that concurrent spondylolisthesis of the cervical and lumbar spines might also be prevalent. However, the incidence of spondylolistheses in the lumbar and cervical spines might differ due to anatomical differences between the 2 areas. Nonetheless, there is minimal information in the literature concerning the incidence of concurrent cervical and lumbar spondylolisthesis. Material and Methods: We evaluated standing cervical and lumbar lateral radiographs of 2510 patients with spondylosis. Concurrence, age group, gender, and direction of spondylolisthesis were evaluated. Lumbar spondylolisthesis was defined as at least Meyerding grade I and degenerative cervical spondylolisthesis was defined as over 2 mm of displacement on standing lateral radiographs. Results: Lumbar spondylolisthesis was found in 125 patients (5.0%) and cervical spondylolisthesis was found in 193 patients (7.7%). Seventeen patients had both degenerative cervical and lumbar spondylolistheses (0.7%). Lumbar spondylolisthesis is a risk factor for coexisting cervical spondylolisthesis. Lumbar spondylolisthesis was more common in females than males, independent of advancing age. In contrast, degenerative cervical spondylolisthesis was more common in older patients, independent of gender. Anterolisthesis was more common in the lumbar spine. Retrolisthesis was more common in the cervical spine. Conclusions: There was a higher prevalence of degenerative cervical spondylolisthesis in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2014

The "WuQinXi" exercise, one of the medical Qi-gongs, is an exercise maximizing human's self healing power and has been confirmed to be effective significantly at several modern researches. There are many exercise therapies in western medcine, such as Willams's flexion exercise, Mckenzie's extension exercise, vertebral stabilization exercise and so on. However, there isn't a special exercise therapy which can be applied for medical practice in oriental medicine. So we selected 24 motions which are related with lumbar movements from 3 type "WuQinXi" exercises ; 20 mode, 30 mode, and 40 mode. And then, we classified them according to lumbar movements as flexion, extention, lateral bending and rotation, and also functions as stabilization and rubbing. Next, with these classifications, we assorted them by kinds of lumbar spinal disease as HIVD(herniation of intervertebral disc), spinal stenosis, spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, facet joint syndrome, compression fracture and spondylosis. We expect that "WuQinXi" exercise be a exercise therapy for lumbar spinal disease at an oriental medical clinic in this way. Oriental medical doctors will be able to teach easily patients "WuQinXi" exercise's motions at clinic, depending on kinds of lumbar spinal disease each patient suffers from. We plan to study the effect of "WuQinXi" exercise by comparing patients who do the "WuQinXi" exercise with the patients who do the western medical exercise therapy.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.75-80
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• 2003

Lumbar spinal stenosis results from the progressive combined narrowing of the central spinal canal, the neurorecesses, and the neuroforaminal canals. In the absence of prior surgery, tumor, or infection, the spinal canal may become narrowed by bulging or protrusion of the intervertebral disc annulus, herniation of the nucleus pulposis posteriorly, thickening of the posterior longitudinal ligament, hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum, epidural fat deposition, spondylosis of the intervertebral disc margins, or a combination of two or more of the above factors. Patients with spinal stenosis become symptomatic when pain, motor weakness, paresthesia, or other neurologic compromise causes distress. In one case, we administrated oriental medical treatment with acupuncture treatment and herb-medicine. Oriental medical treatment showed desirable effect on lumbar spinal stenosis.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2004

Objective : To broaden our understanding on occupational disease of market workers and to evaluate the effect of TKM treatment focusing on acupuncture and herb medicine and to promote base studies and clinical trials on occupational disease. Materials and Methods : Analysis was done on 33 Ga-Rak market workers' chart which had been selected through investigation of 1508 outpatient's chart of Kyung Won University Hospital from Jun. 1st, 2002 to May. 31th, 2003. Results : 1. Out of 33 patients, Men had more occupational diseases than women had and Most people were in their forties. 2. Major cause of the disease include repetitve bending, heavy weight lifting and overwork. 3. Past History of patients mostly include frequent lumbar sprain, periarthritis of shoulder, lumbar HNP 4. The patients with occupational disease were diagnosed as lumbar sprain, periarthritis of shoulder, lumbar HNP, degenerative spondylosis, spinal stenosis and their chief complaints were low back pain, omalgia, back pain with radicular pain. 5. The duration of treatment was mostly within a week. 6. Acupuncture, Bee Venom Acupuncture, moxibustion, Herb-medicine, extract, taping therapy, physical therapy were used as treatment methods. 7. Applied herb medicine were composed of 8 kinds of prescriptions and extract were made up of 6 prescriptions 8. Applied acupoints belonged mainly to 14 meridians 9. The treatment of herb medicine combined with acupuncture proved effective in treating the ocupational disease. Conclusion : The occupational disease of patients working in Ga-Rak market were closely related with overwork, especially with repetitive bending and heavy weight lifting and TKM treatment focusing on acupuncture combined with herb medicine was effective in treating occupational disease.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 1989

Two hundred patients with acute and chronic pain were treated with a low power laser and 115 patients among them were divided into several groups by their pathology and evaluated their response rate to the laser therapy was evaluated through follow-up study. 1) The ages of patients were between the early twenties and late sixties, and there was no differences between sexes. 2) Degenerative spondylosis and chronic lumbar sprain were the most common diseases among those patients. 3) The average duration of therapy was about 16 days and response to the therapy appeared from the fourth day of laser therapy. 4) Acute lumbar sprain and acute spinal compression fracture showed rapid response to laser therapy. 5) The spinal pathology group was the most common at 37.5% of cases and the response rate to laser therapy was the lowest at 58.7%. 6) The articular pathology group occupied 24.6% and the response rate was the highest at 81.3%. 7). The response rate of the posttraumatic and postsurgical pathology group was 76.5%. 8) The response rate of the tendinous and sports pathology group was 75%. 9) The response rate of the miscellaneous group was 66.7%. 10) The mean response rate of all patients was 71.6%.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.280-288
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• 2013

Hua-Tuo(145-208) created five "WuQinXi" exercise by imitating the movements of a tiger, a deer, a bear, a monkey and a bird. The "WuQinXi" exercise, one of the medical Qi-gongs, is an exercise maximizing human's self healing power and has been effective significantly at several modern researches. There are many exercise therapies in western medcine, such as Willamss flexion exercise, Mckenzie's extension exercise, vertebral stabilization exercise and so on. However, there isn't a special exercise therapy which can be applied for medical practice in oriental medicine. So We selected some motions from "WuQinXi" exercise, which are suitable for lumbar spinal disease, and analyzed them. After that, We assorted them by kinds of lumbar spinal disease. First, We selected 22 motions which are related with lumbar movements from 3 type "WuQinXi" exercises ; 10 mode, 15 mode, 18 mode. And then, We classified them according to lumbar movements as flexion, extention, lateral bending and rotation, and also functions as stabilization and rubbing. Next, with these classifications, We assorted those motions by kinds of lumbar spinal disease as HIVD(herniation of intervertebral disc), spinal stenosis, spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, facet joint syndrome, compression fracture and spondylosis. We expect that trying "WuQinXi" exercise at clinic in this way, the particular exercise therapy of oriental medicine, "WuQinXi" exercise will become more popular. And Oriental medical doctors will be able to teach patients "WuQinXi" exercise's motions easily at clinic, depending on kinds of lumbar spinal disease each patient suffers from. We plan to study more about 20 mode, 30 mode, 40 mode and the effect of "WuQinXi" exercise by comparing patients who do the "WuQinXi" exercise with the patients who do the western medical exercise therapy.