• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.985-989
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on vase life of cut 'Blue Magic' iris. Pretreatment for 4 h with concentrations of 500 nL and 1000 nL 1-MCP, an inhibitor of ethylene action, inhibited the wilting and inrolling response of cut iris. The vase life of iris flowers of 500 nL or 1000 nL 1-MCP treatment was prolonged to 0.5 day compared to those held in distilled water (control). Vase life of iris showed no significant difference between $3{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ethylene exposure after 1-MCP treatment and control. 1-MCP treatment inhibited inrolling and increased fresh weight, water uptake, and water balance. The increase of fresh weight was high in 500 nL 1-MCP treatment and water uptake was increased by 1000 nL 1-MCP. Especially, iris flower without 1-MCP treatment dramatically decreased the water uptake as compared to the control for four or five days. Water balance of iris flowers held in water was changed to minus value faster than those with pretreatment of 1-MCP.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.585-592
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 1-MCP, an ethylene action inhibitor, and several postharvest treatments including ethylene scrubbing on fruit quality and respiration for keeping marketability in 'Janhowon Hwangdo' peach ($Prunus$ $persica$ Batsch). 1-MCP at the rate of $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ showed best results in maintenance of fruit firmness and external appearance such as skin color. The ethylene production was strongly reduced by 1-MCP treatment at 0.5 or $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ but respiration rate was only suppressed at $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ during 6 days of shelf life at $20^{\circ}C$. Mature fruits (harvested 1 week before full commercial maturity) were much highly responsive to $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of 1-MCP compared to those of commercial maturity. At the concentration of $0.5{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of 1-MCP did not affect fruit marketability compared to untreated control. Beneficial effects of carbon ceramic as an ethylene scrubber were also found such as delay of firmness loss and deterioration of external appearance at $10^{\circ}C$, but these positive effects on fruit quality remained for only 5 days. The application of ethylene scrubber on the shipping carton boxes was effective on keeping firmness of immature fruit pretreated with 1-MCP when compared with mature fruit.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2017

The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was compared with control and $10{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ethylene treatment to evaluate softening control of apple (Malus ${\times}$ domestica Borkh.) fruit for 180 days at $0.5^{\circ}C$ in the air, followed for 28 days at a room temperature. 1-MCP or 1-MCP+ethylene treatment maintained high fruit titratable acidity and firmness after 120 days during the cold storage, which was similarly observed for 28 days at a room temperature. 1-MCP treatment maintained fruit firmness more than 14 N during the cold storage and shelf-life at room temperature. Fruit surface red color was not consistently affected by the treatments during the cold storage but enhanced more than 4.0 by 1-MCP at 21- and 28-days of room temperature. Control or ethylene treatment advanced overall preceeding of fruit softening as rapid ethylene production and respiration rates at 90 days during the cold storage increased to a climacteric maximum. Therefore, pre 1-MCP-treated fruit maintained high fresh condition at a long-term low storage + approximately one month room temperature-storage under $10{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ethylene treatment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2012

This study was divided to three experiments for evaluating the effects of pre- or post-load 1-MCP on quality of 'Fuji' apples exposed to ethylene. The first experiment was compared for fruit quality at room temperature at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days between the control and 1-MCP-treated fruits followed storage of 130, 150, and 170 days. 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher fruit titratable acidity and firmness than those of control fruits. The second experiment was compared for fruit quality at room temperature at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days between fruits applied with pre-loaded-1-MCP on ethylene treatments (10 ${\mu}L/L$, 20 ${\mu}L/L$, and 40 ${\mu}L/L$) and control fruits. 1-MCP-treated fruits were not affected by ethylene concentrations, and had higher fruit weight and firmness than those of control. The third experiment was compared for fruit quality at room temperature at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days between fruits applied with pre-loading with ethylene (10 ${\mu}L/L$) followed by ventilation (8 h, or 32 h, or 56 h) and 1.0 ${\mu}L/L$ 1-MCP treatment. As observed above experiments, 1-MCP-treated fruits had higher fruit weight and firmness than those of control fruits, regardless of the delayed applications of 1-MCP.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.511-515
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• 2007

'Ooishiwase' plum (Prunus salicina L.) fruits were harvested at three pre-climacteric stages of ripeness (stages 1, 2, and 3) and treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, $1\;{\mu}L/L$) for 24 hours at $10^{\circ}C$ before storage to evaluate the effectiveness of 1-MCP in extending shelf-life at $10^{\circ}C$. Ethylene production and respiration rates were significantly lower after 1-MCP treatment compared to those of control fruit, throughout the entire storage period. Also 1-MCP delayed plum softening and color changes. However the chemical 1-MCP had no effect on fruit soluble solid content changes, the preservative 1-MCP is an effective tool for quality improvement in plums, and extension of shelf life of the fruit and plums can safely be harvested at stage 3 of ripening, at which time the most desirable organoleptic attributes have been developed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.709-717
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• 2002

Hypoxemia is known to induce various physiological changes which can result in alteration in drug pharmacokinetics. To examine the effect of acute moderate hypoxemia on metoclopramide (MCP) pharmacokinetics, a continuous 14-hour infusion of MCP during a normoxemic, hypoxemic and subsequent normoxemic period was conducted in eight adult sheep. Arterial blood and urine samples were collected to examine the effects on the pharmacokinetics of MCP and its deethylated metabolites. MCP and its mono- and di-deethylated metabolites were quantitated using a GC/MS method. Steady-state concentrations of MCP were achieved in each of the three periods. During hypoxemia, MCP plasma steady-state concentration increased significantly from 50.72$\pm$1.06 to 63.62$\pm$1.79 ng/mL, and later decreased to 55.83$\pm$1.15 ng/mL during the post-hypoxemic recovery period. Total body clearance ($CL_{TB}$) of MCP was significantly decreased from 274.2$\pm$48.0 L/h to 205.40$\pm$28.2 L/h during hypoxemia, and later restored to 245.8$\pm$44.2 L/h during the post-hypoxemic period. Plasma mono-deethylated MCP concentration (32.78$\pm$1.73 ng/mL) also increased, compared to the control group (21.20$\\pm$1.39 ng/mL), during hypoxemia and subsequent normoxemic period. Renal excretion of MCP and its metabolites was also decreased during hypoxemia, while urine flow was increased with a concomitant decrease in urine osmolality. Thus, the results indicate that acute moderate hypoxemia affects MCP pharmacokinetics.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.645-654
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$), a known ethylene action inhibitor, on fruit quality and incidence of physiological disorders during a simulated marketing period at $25^{\circ}C$ for 20 days in early-season Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) 'Hanareum' that had been treated with 0, 0.5, 1.2 or 2.4% $GA_{4+7}$. Weight loss of stored fruits increased with $GA_{4+7}$ concentration, and the 1-MCP treatment slightly reduced the weight loss rates during the marketing period. Flesh firmness decreased abruptly in all 1-MCP-untreated fruits as the storage period extended to 10 d, whereas the firmness of 1-MCP-treated fruits remained high (> 30 N) during 15 days shelf-life. The effect of 1-MCP was significantly reduced when fruits were subjected to increased GA concentration. Higher soluble solids content and acidity during extended shelf-life were also apparent in 1-MCP-treated 'Hanareum' pears. The L-values (lightness) and hue angles of 1-MCP treated samples were higher than those of controls during 20 days shelf-life, but the a-value (redness) was lower in 1-MCP treated fruits. 1-MCP treatment did not decrease the level of ethylene evolution regardless of $GA_{4+7}$ concentration during shelf-life in early-season Asian pear 'Hanareum'. By contrast, 1-MCP treatment decreased the respiration rate significantly during shelf-life. The efficacy of 1-MCP was greatest in the GA-untreated fruit and was reduced as the $GA_{4+7}$ concentration increased. 1-MCP treatment influenced the severity of physiological disorders including core browning and mealiness: 1-MCP treatment completely blocked the incidence of core browning of during 15 days shelf-life, and reduced the severity of mealiness during 20 days shelf-life regardless of $GA_{4+7}$ concentration. Based on our results, we conclude that the use of $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP can be of great benefit for maintaining quality and preventing physiological disorders in early-season pear cultivar 'Hanareum' pear, whereas its efficacy decreases with the concentration of $GA_{4+7}$ whereas its efficacy gradually decreases when the concentration of $GA_{4+7}$ paste increased.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.1107-1114
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• 2018

Purpose: This study investigated the effectiveness of meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP), which is known to be a helpful psychotherapeutic intervention in distressing conditions, for patients with pancreatobiliary cancer. Materials and Methods: We recruited 37 patients with pancreatobiliary cancer from three university general hospitals and assessed their psychological characteristics. Patients who reported clinically significant emotional distress were recommended to undergo MCP. Patients who consented to MCP were provided four sessions of the therapy. Patient psychological characteristics were assessed again 2 months after MCP. For statistical comparison, outcome variables included anxiety, depression, mental adjustment to cancer, and quality of life (QoL), as well as the degree of stress and physical symptoms. Results: Sixteen patients completed the MCP and the final assessment 2 months later. In the initial assessment, the patients receiving MCP showed higher levels of anxiety and depression than those not receiving MCP, and QoL was also lower in terms of role function, emotional function, social function, and global QoL. At the 2-month follow-up, the MCP group showed a significant improvement in anxiety (p=0.007), depression (p=0.010), and anxious preoccupation (p<0.001). In addition, QoL significantly improved in the MCP group, while there was no significant change in the non-MCP group. Conclusion: In this study, MCP showed potential therapeutic benefits against emotional distress in patients with pancreatobiliary cancer, improving their QoL.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.429-433
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• 2010

The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for controlling ripening processes such as weight loss, fruit softening, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and fruit skin color were investigated and also the possibility that 1-MCP can inhibit the development of brown rot was explored in 'Formosa' plum ($Prunus$ $domestica$ L.). Fruit were treated with $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP on the day of harvest and one day after harvest for 16 h at ambient temperature ($20^{\circ}C$), followed by 14 days of shelf life. 1-MCP treatment delayed fruit softening, weight loss and changes in skin color and TA during the shelf life period, but did not affect SSC. These 1-MCP effects were similar with and without delayed treatment. 1-MCP treatment inhibited the development of brown rot caused by $Monilinia$ $laxa$ during storage. Our data shows that treatment delays of ${\geq}1$ day before 1-MCP application had no negative effect of fruit softening, fruit skin color, and TA at ambient temperature ($20^{\circ}C$). Overall, these results indicate that 1-MCP can be used to maintain the quality of non-refrigerated plums.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.279-283
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• 2013

This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of preharvest sprayable 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP: $Harvista^{TM}$) treatment on the fruit quality attributes in cold stored 'Gamhong' (Malus domestica Borkh) apples. Preharvest sprayable 1-MCP treatment did not affect fruit qualities at harvest but titratable acidity (TA) was higher in fruit treated 10 days before harvest (DBH) than in control. During cold storage, fruit firmness and TA were higher in 1-MCP treated fruit than in control fruit as storage duration progressed, while SSC was not affected. Internal ethylene concentration (IEC) levels were not different among treatments at harvest. While the IEC level in control fruit reached to $58.3{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ after 6 month cold storage, the IEC levels in 1-MCP treated fruit ranged from 18.2 to $25.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Therefore, this result indicates that preharvest sprayable 1-MCP treatment should be another promising approach to retain fruit quality attributes in long-term cold stored 'Gamhong' apples.