• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.581-590
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• 2018

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the species composition of fish and benthic macroinvertebrates in the Namgang Dam reservoir and assess the reservoir's ecological quality. Methods: Fish and benthic macroinvertebrates were seasonally sampled around the Namgang Dam reservoir from October 2013 to September 2014. Results: A total of 970 fish specimens were collected for this survey, including 4 orders, 14 families, and 25 species. Fourteen endemic species were observed, including Coreoleuciscus splendidus. The most observed among the endemic species caught was Zacco koreanus (14.4%). A total of 9,093 benthic macroinvertebrates, including 51 families and 92 species, were also found. The predominant species in the study area was Chironomidae sp. 1. Diplonychus esakii, whose habitat is distribution-specific as designated by the Korean National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), were also observed. A total of 386 specimens were collected of the invasive alien species Lepomis macrochirus, and the percentage of Lepomis macrochirus and Micropterus salmoides made up 42.0% of all specimens collected in the area. Conclusion: The mean ecological score of the benthic macroinvertebrate community (ESB) ranged between 24 and 40, which indicates that the environmental condition of the target sites is somewhat poor. Based on the results of this research, building habitats for benthic macroinvertebrates should be considered, and extermination plans for invasive alien fish species should be prepared.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.10-25
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• 2018

This study was conducted to estimate the habitat suitability of 17 benthic macroinvertebrate taxa in the Hwayang stream. Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) of benthic macroinvertebrates from the Hwayang stream was developed based on three physical habitat factors which include current velocity, water depth, and the substrate. The Weibull model was used as a probability density function to analyze the distribution of individual abundance by physical factors. The number of species and the total individual abundance increased along with the increase in current velocity. By means of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), the relative importance of each factor was determined in the following order: current velocity, water depth, and the mean diameter. The results depicted that, the most influential factor in the growth of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Hwavang system was current velocity. After comparing the analyzed results from the Hwayang stream with the resukts from the Gapyeong stream, the integrated HSI was drawn. The results indicated that current velocity and substrate had similar distributions of HSI in the two streams. This was due to the addition of unmeasured data from previous surveys, or the fact that benthic macroinvertebrates adapted to deeper waters in the Hwayang Stream. Most taxa showed a clear preference for a fast current velocity, deep water depth and coarse substrate except Baetiella, Epeorus, (mayflies), and Hydropsyche (caddisfly).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.561-567
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• 2009

The distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates of Shinbulsan wetland was investigated. This study was focused on the degree of recovery of habitat by comparing the community structure of benthic macro invertebrates of zone D to that of zone A, intact habitat. The zone D was destructed due to the construction of a golf club and the survey was performed in zone A and zone D of Shinbulsan wetland. The seasonal survey was performed in April, July and September from 2006 to 2007. From the sampling, 2 phyla, 3 classes, 9 orders, 31 families, 69 species and 1155 individuals of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected. From zone A, 2 phyla, 3 classes, 9 orders, 23 families, 54 species and 678 individuals were identified. From zone D, 2 phyla, 3 classes, 9 orders, 23 families, 43 species and 477 individuals were identified. Species diversity and species richness were higher in zone A than in zone D. The recovery of zone D was inefficient as humidity of soil was not enough to live macroinvertebrates. Also, an endangered species of macroinvertebrates, Nannophya pygmaea was found during this investigation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1399-1410
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• 2009

The study on community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates from wetland Woopo was conducted for the long-term ecological monitoring. The wetland Woopo is located in Changnyeong-Gun, Gyeongsangnam - Do of Korea. In 2006, we investigated the seasonal variation of benthic macroinvertebrates with quantitative and qualitative collecting methods. The collection was performed monthly at four surveying region, Woopo, Sajipo, Mokpo and Topyong stream. In this study, 6 classes, 16 orders, 48 families, 95 species were identified on group of benthic macroinvertebrates. The species diversity index and the species richness index were the highest in Topyung region and it was 3.222 and 10.216 respectively. The two species, Cercion calamorum and Cloeon dipterum were quantitatively collected for 9 months. The changes of body lengths of 50 individuals were recorded and the advanced growth on the two species was expected from present study.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2001

The biomass of Ulva mats was surveyed in a lower rocky shore of the southern coast of Korea during the 1998-1999 winter. The population selected for the present study was located on the tidal zone ranging from 118 cm to 130 cm below mean sea level (MSL), where abundance of Ulvu species was highest. The biomass of Ulva species increased gradually from December 1998 until February 1999, reaching the maximum of 374 g dry wtㆍm$^{-2}$ in February. The biomass varied little among the sampling quadrats for each sampling time. Over the course of the study a total of 16 taxa were sampled from Ulva mats, of which 5 were macrophytes and 11 were macroinvertebrates. Rodophyta comprised 3 taxa, followed by Phaeophyta of 2 taxa, but there was no Chlorophyta except for Ulva species. The macrofaunal assemblage was consisted of 8 taxa of Mollusca, 2 Arthropoda and 1 Annelida. There was a dramatic increase in Mytilus sp. in February. Moreover, the trend of biomass were similar between some macroinvertebrates and Ulva species. The results suggested that macroinvertebrates may play an important role in nutrient dynamics as well as food web. Further experimental evidence may be necessary to explain the correlation between Ulva mats and abundance of coexisting macroinvertebrates.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.111-122
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ecological impact of wetlands by changing the species diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates and birds following the creation of an artificial wetland with a size of 30 m*30 m on bare land in reclaimed land in Haenam-gun, Korea. We investigated monthly fauna of benthic macroinvertebrates and birds in and outside wetlands and physicochemical indicators for 7 months from March to September 2014. During the study period, the water temperature and dissolved oxygen levels were consistently higher in wetlands than lakes. Many species of benthic macroinvertebrates were observed in summer (16 species in July) due to seasonal effects, and the species diversity index was highest in July and then gradually decreased. Thirteen species of birds were observed in March, 6 species in April, 5 species in July, and 1 species in June, where most winter birds and migratory birds were observed around wetlands in spring. The species diversity index also decreased after being high in July except for spring. This suggests that the abiotic environment in the wetland can be improved by creating an artificial wetland in the reclaimed land, and the increase in benthic macroinvertebrates can ultimately be a basic direction to restore the wetland ecosystem in the reclaimed land.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2023

The benthic macroinvertebrates index (BMI) was developed based on the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), which is the amount of biodegradable organic matter in stream water. However, benthic macroinvertebrates mainly live in the streambed substrate and are affected by the interaction of water quality and substrate. This study was conducted to examine the interactive relationship between water quality items (BOD₅, total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (TSS)) and substrate with BMI by performing statistical analyses (four-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis). The data used in the analyses were collected from 19,915 sampling units at 1,937 sites in South Korea from 2010 to 2020. The interaction effect between BOD₅ and substrate types was confirmed through a four-way analysis of variance. Partial correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis estimated the degree of influence on the change in BMI value in the order of mean grain size of the substrate as (𝜱_m) > BOD₅ > TP > TSS. BMI can be regarded as an index that evaluates the comprehensive effects of water quality and streambed status, although it is an index that was developed based on the amount of biodegradable organic matter in a water column.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.269-287
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• 2023

The genus-level biotic index of benthic macroinvertebrates (Benthic Macroinvertebrates Genus Index, BMGI) was developed and applicated based on the data collected from 13,347 sampling units of 814 sites from 2010 to 2021 in Korea. Tolerant values of 274 indicator taxa were established by analyzing the relationship between the relative frequency and abundance of indicator taxa and the water quality index considering biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), total suspended solids (TSS), and total phosphorus (T-P). BMGI showed a slightly higher correlation with water quality than the species-level biotic index (Benthic Macroinvertebrates Index, BMI) that was developed and applied in Korea. Although the BMGI does not contain species-level information, the reason why BMGI shows higher applicability than BMI seems to be due to the increase in the number of indicator taxa and the decrease in the misidentification of immature aquatic insects. The coefficient of determination in multiple regression with BOD₅, TSS, and TP for BMGI was 0.62 in the long-term averaged data of 814 sites, and the standardized coefficient of BOD₅ was -0.46, TSS was -0.17 and T-P was -0.21, respectively. As a result of the evaluation by BMGI, of the 814 sites, 38% were in good, 25% in fair, and 37% in poor condition.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.879-889
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• 2008

Community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates was investigated from Gigye stream, Pohang, Korea from May to November, 2007. As results, total of 108 species of macroinvertebrates under 49 families, 15 orders, 5 classes in 3 phyla were identified. The number of species was the most abundantly revealed in aquatic insects (class Insecta) with 86 species (82.6%) under 7 orders. The phylum Mollusca (10 species, 9.2%) and the phylum Annelida (6 species, 5.6%) were followed in order. In the class Crustacea, 6 species (5.6%) were distributed. In aquatic insects, the order Odonata was the most abundant taxon (20 species, 23.3%). Seventeen species (19.8%) of the order Ephemeroptera and 16 species (18.6%) of the Coleoptera were followed. The primary dominant species in the stream was Cloeon dipterum of Ephemeroptera. For community analysis, the values of diversity index (H'), evenness index (J'), dominance index (DI) and richness index (RI) were studied and the average values of them were 5.65, 0.84, 0.13, and 13.18, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.610-618
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• 2015

This study was conducted to find out the influence of sample size (accumulated survey areas) on the seven biological indices of benthic macroinvertebrates. BMI, the index similar to Zeilika-Marvan’s saprobic index, tended to be independent on the variations of sample size. The other indices (Shannon-Weaver’s diversity, Margalef’s richness, Menhinick’s richness, Pielou’s evenness, and Lenat’s EPT index) showed the considerable variations along with the increase of sample size and environmental conditions. To get the appropriate index values, it should be sampled at least 6 replicates more based on 30×30cm Surber sampler. In addition, the habitat heterogeneity index of benthic macroinvertebrates suggested in this study, it will be able to be used for evaluating the heterogeneity of habitats.