• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1021-1030
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• 2015

For the water quality improvement in the ocean outfall area of sewage treatment plant, this study tried to control the water quality of outfall area using the biofilter method through seaweeds, a way of ecological engineering treatment that is applicable in the marine ecosystem. Therefore, this research made an attempt the main factors necessary for creating seaweed bed to improve water quality in the outfall area of sewage treatment plant, and the results are as follows. In the case of making the seaweed bed in the ocean outfall area of sewage treatment plant, Habitat Suitability Index of Ecklonia cava per all survey points, considered physical and physico-chemical factors in 5~10 meters below sea level, was 50~93% (average 80%), so this seaweed, Ecklonia cava, was suitable for making the seaweed bed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.954-959
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• 2022

Marine outfalls are used to discharge treated liquid effluents to the environment. An efficiently designed, constructed and operated marine outfall effectively dilutes the discharged effluent, thereby reducing the risk to biota and humans dependent upon the marine environment. In this study, we investigated the effluent transport from a marine outfall at different depths in Masan Bay. A particle-tracking model was used to predict the dispersion of effluent. The model results indicate that some particles released from a depth of 13 m move to the inner area of Masan Bay within 48 h. As the release depth increases after 48 h, the particles move further southward. This suggests that effluent from the outer area of Masan Bay can affect the inner area, and that this effect can be reduced by increasing the depth of effluent release.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2001

The concentration changes of discharged wastewater effluents due to ambient current flows and density stratifications in an outfall mixing zone have been investigated by using the outfall mixing zone analysis of Huang et al.[1996]. This analysis was applied to Masan sea outfall case and the concentration distributions of wastewater effluent discharges were simulated using three month period of current-meter data measured in the outfall site. Hourly concentration distributions of wastewater effluents were averaged for the period of 15 days which covers the flow conditions of the neap and the spring tidal currents in Masan Bay. The results show that the wastewater concentrations in the Masan outfall mixing zone were very low due to the higher dilution rates during the period of strong ambient currents and less density stratifications. The higher concentrations in the mixing zone were found in August because of strong density stratifications with low ambient currents. The mixing zone was extended to the west coast beach area because of major tidal current directions. This result can be used to explain the dynamical reasons for the depositional distribution of the contaminated sediments in Masan sea outfall area.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 2000

When sewage and industrial wastewater are treated to improve the coastal water quality, we usually consider the reduction of BOD and/or COD. Due to the inflow of untreated nitrogen and phosphorus, however, the coastal water has eutrophicated. Thus, to improve the water qualify, it is necessary to treat and reduce nitrogen and phosphorus which are the factors limiting algal growth. Hence, with regard to the adaption of Ocean Outfall for the treatment of wastewater in Suyoung Bay, we studied the effectiveness and environmental assessment of Ocean Outfall of which cost is lower than that of advanced treatment, The effectiveness of Ocean Outfall of the second treatment effluent in Nambu S.T.P. was simulated, using the eco-hydrodynamic model as far field model the result showed that the water quality of coastal area receiving wastewater on the surface sea has improved. But the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus around the diffuser of Ocean Outfall system can cause many problems on estuary, such as red tide, eutrophication and aquatic toxicity.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.361-371
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• 2000

A demand of marine outfall system has been much increased for the effective disposal of the wastewater due to population and industrial development at the coastal areas. The outfall system discharges primary or secondary treated effluent into the coastline, or at the deep water, or between these two. The discharge is carried out by constructing a pipeline on the sea bed with a diffuser or with a tunnel, risers and appropriate. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding salt water and becomes very dilute. Thus there have been growing interests about plume behaviour around the outfall system. Plume or jet discharged from single-port or multi-port diffuser might cause certain impacts on coastal environment. Near field mixing characteristics of discharged water field using CORMIX model have been studied for effective outfall design various conditions on ambient current, depth, flow rate, effluent concentration, diffuser specification, port specification etc.. This kind of analysis is necessary to deal with water quality problems caused by the ocean discharge. The analyzed result was applied to the Pusan Jungang effluent outfall system plan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.85.2-93
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• 2000

A demand of marine outfall system have been much increased for the effective disposal of the wastewater due to population and industrial development at the coastal areas. The outfall system discharges primary or secondary treated effluent into coastline or at the deep water, or between these two. The discharge is carried out by constructing a pipeline on the sea bed with a diffuser or with a tunnel, risers and appropriate. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding salt water and becomes very dilute. Thus there have been growing interests about plume behaviour around the outfall system. Plume or jet discharged from single-port or multi-port diffuser might cause certain impacts on coastal environment. Near field mixing characteristics of discharged water field using CORMIX model with has been studied for effective outfall design various conditions on ambient current, depth, flow rate, effluent concentration, diffuser specification, port specification etc.. This kind of analysis is necessary to deal with water quality problems caused by the ocean discharge. The analyzed vesult was applied to the Pusan Jungang dffluent outfall system plan.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.124-132
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• 2009

The optimal type and discharging position of ocean outfall of wastewater have been determined by hydrodynamic modeling, near-field dilution modeling, and far-field dispersion modeling. Tide and tidal currents have been simulated by a finite element hydrodynamic model showing good agreements with field observations. Based on the hydrodynamic simulation results candidates of ocean outfall position were preliminary determined. Submerged single port and submerged multi-port diffuser were selected as discharging system alternatives and finally designed by considering tide, tidal currents and water depth. Initial dilution of wastewater discharged from the designed ports has been estimated by CORMIX system. A 2-dimensional random-walk dispersion model has been employed to simulate far-field dispersion of discharged wastewater.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

As a large scale port development in coastal waters proceeds step by step and populations in the vicinity of port are getting increased, the issue on "how to dispose the treated municipal water and wastewater in harbor" brings peoples′ concern. The submarine outfall system discharges the primary or secondary treated effluent at the coastline or in deep water, or between these two. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding sea water and becomes very dilute. We intended in this paper to investigate the impact on dilution of effluent and the behavior of flume under the conditions of the seasonal and spatial temperature variations, which have not been noticeable in designing effective marine outfall system. To predict and analyze the behaviour and dilution characteristics of plume not just with the effluent temperature, but also with the seasonal variation of temperature of surround water and tidal changes, CORMIX(Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System)-GI have been applied. The results should be used with caution in evaluation the mixing zone characteristics of discharged water. We hope to help for the effective operation of outfall system, probable outfall design, protection of water quality, and warm water discharges from a power plant, etc.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2004

For the last years, it has become hot issue such as disposal of the treated wastewater, which caused by increment of a population and industrial development at the coastal areas. The ocean outfall system discharges primary or secondary treated effluent into coastline or at the deep water, or between these two. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the see, surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding salt water and becomes very dilute. This paper deals ocean outfall design which effects to decision-making about marine environment management and wastewater treatment. In order to make predictions of dilution of discharged water and the trajectory of a plume, CORMIX has been used considering several elements including a seasonal and tidal changes. These solutions are strung together to provide basic data and general drawings for effective management of outfall.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.60-69
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• 1999

In this paper, we have obtained the initial and near-field dilution rates of wastewaters discharged from the ocean outfall of Masan-Changwon municipal wastewater treatment plant from both of field measurements and CORMIX model simulations. In the summer of 1998, water temperature and salinity profiles was measured at 16 stations in the vicinity of the Masan outfall and the dilution rates were analyzed by salinity deficit method. The transport of the wastefields and their initial dilution rates were calculated by CORMIX model using field data as model input. Both of observed and predicted results are shown In very low dilutions with the range of 32～48 from the field data analysis and 29～43 from the model prediction, respectively. This indicates that the water quality in the Masan outfall area can be worsening due to the low dilution rates of diswastewaters, especially, when the ambient currents are very weak in a neap tide and ambient water density is highly stratified in summer.