• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.2 s.55
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• pp.29-36
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• 2006

This study aims to analyze the multiple meaning of color variously expressed in contemporary architecture. Nowadays heterogeneity, plurality and ephemerality of modem society have been well presented in contemporary architecture. The phenomenal characteristic of color is so appropriate to express the unfixed and immaterialized attributes of contemporary architecture that it can make color a major element of architecture, which, in the past, used to be a minor element for the lack of materiality. Through the analysis of contemporary important building projects in terms of color, it can be concluded that the architectural application of color shows multiple meanings as follows; phenomenal expression, visualization of complex programs and embodiment of design process, reflection of context and control of users' mentality. At the same time, these multiple meanings are complexly presented in a single building project.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.6
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• pp.89-111
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• 2000

Since speaking is correlated with time and time is metaphorically conceptualized in terms of space, it is natural for us to conceptualize language metaphorically in terms of space. For example, we think that the future is in front and the past is behind. Reddy(1979) suggested in his conduit metaphor that linguistic expressions are containers. According to him, the speaker puts his ideas(objects) into words{containers)and sends them along a conduit to a hearer who takes the idea(object) out of the word(container). As a result we are able to know that the larger linguistic expressions have more meaning in it. In other words the space of a linguistic form has close relationship with meaning. Moreover we are able to see that formal distance between arguments or elements of linguistic expressions shows semantic influences between them. If two elements keep close distance, a preceeding element has a strong, direct and whole influence upon the following element. Sometimes even the results of the influence can be brought out implicitly by the formal relation between two elements. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to show that tins difference in meaning which is due to formal distance of sentence elements can be explained by the metaphorical concept presented by Lakoff and Johnson(1980).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 2011

Street furniture such as benches, streetlamps, and shades which are easily accessible in cities has contributed to the promotion of active, lively environment for people living in cities. Furthermore, they make the characteristics of specific regions and cities, and are valued as a communication interface to restore the relationships between people and cities. The street furniture design with inherent publicness is an essential element for leisurely life and refined image of modern people who have experienced severance and mental poverty in uniform, vertical modern city space with the development of advanced science and technology. The purpose of this study is to analyze the new design approaches to street furniture which plays an important role in the determination of the images of modern city environment and to examine the characteristics and trends of such designs. First, in accordance with the flow of studies from publicness and public space to street furniture, the concept and meaning of publicness which is the basic element of public space were identified through theoretical examination, and the characteristics and roles of modern public space were analyzed through literature review, data review, and international cases. Based on the results of this theoretical analysis, the concept and meaning elements, function elements, and design elements of the street furniture which was planned in accordance with the goal and functions of public space were identified. For the meaning elements of street furniture design, fun, health, culture, sustainability, and vitalization were identified. For the function elements of street furniture design, convenience, safety, and delivery were identified. As the characteristics of modern street furniture design, convergent, green, digilog, functional, and universal designs were analyzed. This study is meaningful in that it recognized the roles of street furniture in modern public space as a concrete, practical environmental design element and estimated the development directions of street furniture design in public space.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.237-250
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• 2002

Linguistically, 'Focus' is the element which includes new or unpresupposed information. It is usually signalled by prosodic prominence called the 'pitch accent'. The purpose of this study is to observe the realization of the focal accent in VP-ellipsis, especially, to affect the meaning recovery of elided VP. Asher (1999) gave evidence that focal stress should be on the higher verb and the AUX in order to recover the elided VP to the lower one. In this paper, the systematic patterning of focal accent to decide the elided meaning in VP-ellipsis is to be observed. The realization of focal accent by English native speakers is set as the criteria for the meaning recovery of the elided VP and is compared to Koreans'. Moreover, the focal accents of Koreans are observed and compared with respect to their English proficiency levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.20
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• pp.7-16
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• 1993

Influnced by the official uniform system of China, the colour culture of Korea has changed with time. The ancient colour has included the philo-sophical conception as well as the meaning of thoughts. Forming its tradition, the colour has been accepted in usual life. The philosophy of the Five Element has been developed in the area of Oriental culture and it has influnced to the colour of costume. The five colours(blue, red, yellow, white and black) as the Five Elements colours have disticted the social position. Owing to the fackt, the colour costume has preserved the important meaning. In accordance with the theory of the Five Elements the five colours of costume told its purpose, social position and age. Moreover the relationship among the Five Elements, the direction and the reason have been applied to it with time. Yellow and red have been usually used by kings and high ranking officals, white has been the basic colour for traditional Korean clothes, which hs indicated the integrity symbolizing our race. The Five Elements Colours preserving the theory of Korean the Five Elements have been the conception of Korean traditional colour and they have been developing as the meaning of custom.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 1993

Meaning of expressive words on the beauty of clothing is to comprehend inclusively with subjectivity and sensitivity. Suppose that meaning of the words was analysed, the study would be found type structural through a type of meaning component and inner reciprocity of elements. Category in the Beauty of Clothing was to consider various languages on beauty of clothing as the concept of the type. The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept structure of Categories in the Beauty of Clothing. In this paper 'Chic' and 'Dandism' were analyzed. As the result of the study, it is constructed at three different dimensions. They were the Beauty of phenomenone such as surface level, the Beauty of essence such as element level, and the Beauty of process that existed between the surface level and the element level. In addition, the idea words of each dimension were as follows; The Beauty of phenomenone was expressed 'refinement', 'wisdom' and 'originality'. The Beauty of essence was included 'subtlely', 'grace', and 'sence/reason'. The Beauty of process was included the method of 'harmony' and 'proficiency'.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

We studied the meaning of the term avant-garde in relation to clothing of the 1980s and 1990s by examining the media's perceptions of Martin Margiela, a Belgian deconstructionist designer who was often labeled as avant-garde by journalists, scholars, and fashion critics in the late 20th century. A five-step content analysis method described by Paoletti (1982) was used to conduct the research. Newspaper and magazine articles in the 1980s and 1990s were analyzed using a set of existing avant-garde characteristics developed by Crane (1987) to determine if those journalists' perceptions matched the characteristics described by Crane. Results indicated that the journalists' critiques and descriptions matched the avant-garde characteristics described by Crane (1987). Including a subjective element to the conceptualization of the term explains how journalists described Margiela's designs despite Japanese designers' use of similar techniques before him. We (re) conceptualize the term's latter 20th century meaning and shifting dialogue to include a subjective element.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.242-251
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• 2012

Geomancy accepts with a pre-requisite that human beings adapt themselves to nature as an organism, because people and environment, bodies and space have the homogeneity which can not be divided by a dichotomy. The homogeneity as a structure alive implies a deep relationship with biorhythm and the change of space, and is regarded as a concept and role significant on the coordination. In other words, applying the element in the geomancy could be interpreted as a work giving a new meaning and spirit on a creation of space and furniture coordination. Harmony and balance shown in design concepts have a relationship with the meaning on Yin-Yang and the Five Elements theory. In addition, the characteristic in each element is suggested as an example applying the concept of geomancy through furniture coordination for each space in the chapter 4.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.417-423
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose intelligent steering control system that apply LIBL(Linguistic Instruction Based Learning) method to steering system of ship and take the place of process that linguistic instruction such as officer s steering instruction is achieved via ableman. We embody ableman s suitable steering manufacturing model using fuzzy inference rule by specific method of study, and apply LIBL method to present suitable meaning element and evaluation rule to steering system of ship, embody intelligent steering gear control system that respond more efficiently on officer s linguistic instruction. We presented evaluation rule to constructed steering manufacturing model based on ableman s experience, and propose rudder angle for steering system, compass bearing arrival time, meaning element of stationary state, and correct ableman manufacturing model rule using fuzzy inference. Also, we apply LIBL method to ship control simulator and confirmed the effectiveness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2002.12a
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• pp.93-97
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose intelligent steering control system that apply LIBL(Linguistic Instruction Based Learning) method to steering system of ship and take the place of process that linguistic instruction such as officer's steering instruction is achieved via ableman. We embody ableman's suitable steering manufacturing model using fuzzy inference rule by specific method of study, and apply LIBL method to present suitable meaning element and evaluation rule to steering system of ship, embody intelligent steering gear control system that respond more efficiently on officer's linguistic instruction. We presented evaluation rule to constructed steering manufacturing model based on ableman's experience, and propose rudder angle for steering system, compass bearing arrival time, meaning element of stationary state, and correct ableman manufacturing model rule using fuzzy inference. Also, we apply LIBL method to ship control simulator and confirmed the effectiveness.