• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.51-64
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• 2003

Objective : This study investigated the alteration of neural activity and effect of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) on cerebral ischemia of rats. Methods : Considering age-related impact on cerebral ischemia, aged rats (18 months old) were used for this study. Ischemic damage was induced by the transient occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (BCAO) with hypotension. Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) was administered twice a day orally. Then alterations of neural activities in the brain of aged BCAO rats were measured by the [$^{14}C$]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography method. Results : The BCAO in aged rats led to significant decrease of neural activity in the whole brain. Treatment with Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) significantly attenuated the decrease of neural activity in the whole brain following BCAO ischemia. Treatment significantly attenuated the decrease of neural activity in the CA1, CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, activated barrel, barrel cortex, somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex, caudate putamen, and medial septal nucleus following BCAO in aged rats. Treatment with Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) also significantly attenuated the decrease of neural activity in the anteroventral thalamic nucleus, ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, posterior hypothalamic area, medial mammillary nucleus, lateral periaqueductal gray, dorsal raphe nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, median raphe nucleus, and medial pontine nucleus. Conclusion : It can be suggested that Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) has a neuroprotecuve effect on cerebral ischemia through the control of glucose metabolic rate and cerebral blood flow.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.248-268
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• 1995

출생 후 0일, 7일, 14일, 21일 그리고 성체의 흰쥐 전뇌 기저부의 내측중격핵과 수직 및 수평대각 Broca대에서 choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)에 면역반응을 보이는 신경조직과 세포의 분화를 면역조직화학적 및 전자현미경적 방법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 출생 후 초기와 성체에서 신경세포의 세포질과 수상돌기에서 고루 ChAT 면역반응이 확인되었다. 뇌 기저부의 ChAT 면역반응 신경세포들은 발생에 따른 뇌 크기의 증대와 뇌 조직의 분화에 따라 점차 수적 증가를 보였다. 이 ChAT 면역반응 신경세포들은 세포의 모양과 세포제의 장 · 단축의 비에 따라 6가지 형 즉 1) 월형 2) 난형, 3) 세장형, 4) 방추형. 5) 삼각형, 6) 다각형으로 분류되었다 전뇌 기저 핵에서 원형과 난형 신경세포들의 출현율은 출생 후 0일에서 높았으나 성체로 되면서 감소된 반면, 세장형. 방추형. 삼각형 그리고 다각형 신경세포들의 출현율은 출생 후 0일에서는 낮았으나 성체로 되면서 증가하였다. 모든 핵들에서 ChAT 면역반응 신경세포체의 부피는 출생 후 0일에 996-1,252 Um3로 제일 작았으며, 내측중격핵과 수직대각 Broca대 그리고 수평대각 Broca대에서는 출생 후 21일에 각각 5,061, 5.701, 5,820 um3로 최대치를 보였다. 그후 성체로 되면서 모든 핵에서1,897-2,704 roms로 다시 감소하였다. 전자현미경적 관찰에서 출생 후 21일된 흰쥐 수평대각 Broca대에서 ChAT 면역반응은 핵의 핵질 일부와 핵막 그리고 미토콘드리아와 조면소포체에서 관찰되었다. 이 결과들로 미루어 출생 후 초기 발생단계에서 흰쥐 전뇌 기저부의 내측중격핵과 수직 및 수평대각 Broca대에서 ChAT 면역반응 신경세포들은 축삭과 수상돌기의 형성에 따라 세포의 형과 그 출현율 및 세포제의 크기에서 현저한 변화가 이루어지는 것으로 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.304-310
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• 1994

Using in situ hybridization, we have mapped the anatomical localization of perikarya containing myNA that codes for sonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brains of female frogs, R. dybowskii. DNA olisomers, with sequences complementary to the GnRH portion of pro-GnRH myNA sequence, were synthesized and hybridized to paraformaldehvde-fixed, sagittal sections of the whole brain stem. The distribution of the GnRH mRNA containing cell bodies was similar to that described for GnRH peptide by immunohistochemistrv. That is, cells containing GnRH mRNA were observed in the medial septal area, anterior preoptic area, ventromedial hvpothalamus and infundibular regions. However, another cell groups which contains GnRH mRNAs were also detected by in situ hybridization in the bed nucleus of hippocampal commissure, preoptic area, nucleus infundibularis dorsalis, mesencephalic nuclei and intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord areas. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using in situ hybridization as a strategy to study the distribution of GnRH neurons and the detection of GnRH gene expression in the vertebrates.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.864-869
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• 1999

To investigate the effect of dietary phosphatidylcholine(PPC) supplement on memory improvement, biochemical study on the brain, and morphometric studies on the cholinergic neurons in the rat basal forebrain were undertaken. The pregnancy rats were divided into the normal control, the choline deficient and the PPC supplemental groups according to quantity of the PPC in diet. According to choline deficiency and PPC supplement after birth, the neonate rate of the normal control group were subdivided into the control diet(N-N) and the PPC supplied (N-S) groups, the choline deficient group were subdivided into the continually deficient (D-D), the control diet(D-N) and the PPC supplied groups(D-S), and the PPC supplemental group were subdivided into the control diet (S-N)and the continually supplied (S-S)group. The PPC supplemented diet was added 2% egg PPC in AIN 76 formula diet. PPC concentrations and cholinesterase(CE) activities were measured in the serum, the liver and the brain, respectively. Immunohistochemical stains for choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) was employed for the morphological and morphometric studies. The maze test was undertaken to evaluate memory improvement. PPC concentration and CE activities in the serum, liver and the brain were high in the PPC supplemental groups and low in the choline deficient groups. ChAT immunoreactivity neurons at the medial septal diagonal bond complex and the basal forebrain nucleus of Meynert were reduced in the choline deficient groups. Average failure rate for the maze test was the lowest in the S-S group and the highest in the D-D group. Insufficient choline suppley during the neuronal development would result in cholinergic neuronal damage, which could be prevented by adequate PPC supplement. It is consequently suggested that PPC supplement may be effective on memory improvement by maintaining the cholinergic neuronal activity in the basal forebrain of the rats.