• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

Objective : This paper introduces a unique meridian theory developed by Japanese philosopher Yuasa Yasuo. Method : His meridian theory is well organized in his philosophy, so we systematically review his major works and philosophy from which we systematize his meridian theory. And we critically examine it with current studies. Results and Conclusions : He tried to overcome Cartesian mind-body dualism by Eastern thought and newly developing neurophysiology. He articulated "body scheme" from human information systems, primarily nervous system and meridian system, which regulate physiological functions. It consists of 1st external sensory motor circuit, 2nd circuit of coenesthesis, 3rd emotion-instinct circuit and 4th circuit of unconscious quasi-body. Meridian system is the 4th circuit, through which he thought various affect(emotion) flows. Based on the relationship of emotion-autonomic nervous system- meridian-skin, he tried to confirm the existence of meridian system. His theory illuminates mind-body problem and emotion-meridian relationship in traditional East Asian medicine.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-32
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to understand the interrelation between 'Foot three yang meridian-muscle' and 'muscular system'. Methods : We have researched some of the literatures on Meridian-muscle theory, anatomical muscular system, myofascial pain syndrome and anatomy trains. And especially we have compared myofascial pain syndrome to anatomy trains and researched what kind of relationship is exist between them. Results : It is considered that Foot taeyang meridian-muscle includes Abductor digiti minimi m., Gastrocnemius m., Biceps femoris m., Longissimus m., Omohyoid m., Occipital m., Frontal m., Orbicularis oculi m., Trapezius m., Sternocleidomastoid m., Sternohyoid m., Zygomaticus m. Foot soyang meridian-muscle includes Dorsal interosseus m., Tendon of extensor digitorum longus m., Extensor digitorum longus m., Iliotibial band, Vastus lateralis m., Piriformis m., Tensor fasciae latae m., Internal abdominal oblique m., External abdominal oblique m,, Internal intercostal m., External intercostal m., Pectoralis major m., Sternocleidomastoid m., Posterior auricular m., Temporal m., Masseter m., Orbicularis oculi m. Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle includes Extensor digitorum longus m., Vastus lateralis m., Iliotibial band, Iliopsoas m., Anterior tibial m., Rectus femoris m., Sartorius m., Rectus abdominis m., Pectoralis major m., Internal intercostal m., External intercostal m., Sternocleidomastoid m., Masseter m., Levator labii superioris m., Zygomatic major m., Zygomatic minor m., Orbicularis oculi m., Buccinator m. and the symptoms of Foot three yang meridian-muscle are similar to the myofascial pain syndrome. Superficial back line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot taeyang meridian-muscle. Lateral Line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot soyang meridian-muscle. Superficial Front Arm Line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle. Conclusions : There is some difference between myofascial pain syndrome and meridian-muscle theory in that the former explains each muscle individually, while the latter classifies muscular system in the view of integrated organism. More studies are needed in anatomy and physiology to support the integration of muscular system of Foot three yang meridian-muscle in aspect of anatomy trains.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.137-153
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• 2003

The Oriental Medicine is described with so many terms of its own theory causing misunderstand of the concept which is expressed with same term used in modern medicine. Muscular system is also used in the both medicines, the Oriental Medicine and modern medicine. For the purpose of resolving the misunderstand of using the medical terms, we referred to a large number of literature for the muscular system in both medicine. Although there are few references concerning about systematic components in the Oriental Medicine, among the concepts of the Oriental Medicine, there are comparatively many approaches to the Meridian muscular system, a muscular system related with the Meridian, Therefore, there are many similarities and differences in the interrelation between the muscular system which was stated at the time of the concept of the Meridian system was developed and anatomical muscular system in the modern medicine. As a result of survey the references, we found out that anatomical muscular system is limited to visual compartments, whereas the Meridian muscular system is covering not only visual components but also the relation with internal organs. We conclude that there are conceptual differences in the kyung-keun system in the past and anatomical muscular system in the present.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.422-429
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• 2009

Meridian which used as the basic theory of acupuncture treatment, is an important functional connection system of acupuncture point in oriental medicine. Yangdorak and EAV have lack of precision because of using 2-electrode method, occurring high non-uniformed current density and electrode contact status on electrode placement spot. Therefore we implemented a meridian impedance measurement system for measuring meridian impedance using 4-electrode method. In order to confirm the precision of developed system, we made an constant current characteristic experiment using standard resistor. As a results of clinical study with 18 subjects, the meridian impedance showed that reproductivity and repeatability of HT7 acupuncture point are $0.515[k{\Omega}]{\pm}0.000$(mean${\pm}$standard deviation) and $0.515[k{\Omega}]{\pm}0.002$, respectively. And reproductivity and repeatability of PC7 are $0.521[k{\Omega}]{\pm}0.000$ and $0.521[{\Omega}]{\pm}0.001$ respectively. The proposed system was stable and reliable. Therefore this study proved AC impedance method to valid in measuring meridian impedance, and also verified precision and repeatability of the proposed meridian impedance measurement system. The proposed system will serve as more effective method of measuring meridian phenomena as a bioelectric signal in clinical practice.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-61
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• 2019

There has been much recent interest and research into meridian theory. Two main types of meridian theory generally identified: the forward heart meridian system and the circulative meridian system. Little attention has been paid to how these types of alignments operate in the Zhenjiuzishengjing (鍼灸資生經) and the Shisijingfahui (十四經發揮). This paper reviews the meridian systems of these two texts and compares them to the meridian and collateral theory found in the Huangdineijing (黃帝內經). It compares the meridian point systems of the various texts and their alignment by location and meridian to shows how the meridian-based method used in the Zhenjiuzishengjing is similar to the forward heart meridian system found in the "Benshu" (本輸) section of the Neijing while the method used in the Shisijingfahui is close to circulative meridian system found in the "Jingmai" (經脈) section of the Neijing.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2006

Objective & Methods: This study is performed to understand the interrelation between 'Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle' and 'muscular system'. We studied the literatures on Meridian-muscle theory, anatomical muscular system, myofascial pain syndrome and the theory of anatomy trains. Results & Conclusion: 1. It is considered that Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle includes extensor digitorum longus m., tibialis anterior m., quadriceps femoris m., rectus abdominis m., pectoralis major m., sternocleidomastoid m., platysma m., orbicular oris m., zygomaticus major m., zygomaticus minor m., masseter m., Gluteus medius m., and Obliquus externus abdominis m. 2. The symptoms of Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle are similar to the myofascial pain syndrome with referred pain of extensor digitorum longus m., tibialis anterior m., quadriceps femoris m., rectus abdominis m., obliquus abdominis m., masseter m. 3. Superficial frontal line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle, and more studies are needed in anatomy and physiology to support the continuity of muscular system of Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle in aspect of anatomy trains.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this study is to analyze the naming of 'A diagnostic system based on Shanghanlun six meridian patterns and provisions' and to suggest an alternative naming. Methods : 1. The meaning of 'Six meridian(六經)' was reviewed on existing theories and Shanghanlun provisions. 2. Comparing the name of diangostic system with the term in 'Korean Standard Classification of Diseases-6(KCD-6)' and term in 'WHO international standard terminologies on traditional medicine in the western pacific region' was done. Results : 'Six meridian' is customary used in the Shagnhanlun study but its meaning is not match with original Shanghanlun system and could possibly make misunderstanding. So 'Disease pattern identification' is suitable than 'Six meridian' for this diagnostic system. Conclusions : This study suggests that using 'A disease pattern identification diagnostic system based on Shanghanlun provisions.'is more appropriate instead of using the name of the six meridian diagnostic system.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.402-411
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• 2016

The concept of the meridian system is originated from an empirical, systematic references in the clinical setting, which does not always require anatomical features. As the principles of systems biology are mainly associated with regulating the body's internal environment to maintain a stable condition, they are closely similar to the theory of the meridian system. In this review, I describe the origin of the concept of the meridian system, current status of research on the meridian system and acupuncture points, and the future directions of the research. To unravel the entity of the meridian system, we have to start from understanding its origin and clinical significance. The meridian system, as a theoretical model of the indications of acupuncture points, can help to understand the interconnections that underlie the pathologies of particular diseases or symptoms. Based on the establishment of clinical data platform for acupuncture research, we can extract novel medical information from the clinical data and generate analytical models that are useful for medical knowledge discovery on acupuncture points in the future.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2000

Objectives : The characteristic of meridian system has been similar to this of electric potentials in human body. Therefore to measure the electric potentials in healthy volunteers and patients, and to find out the characteristic of meridian system and also to do that of differences between them. Methods : Twenty-nine healthy volunteers, thirty patients diagnosed as a cerebral infarction and wind-syndrome caused by hyperactivity of the liver-yang(肝陽化風) were examined into electric potential of well(井穴) and sea(合穴) points in branches of the twelve meridians by physiograph. Results : Measurements were analyzed by factor analysis, then we obtained that both the right and the left electric potential of well and sea points in branches of the twelves meridians in healthy volunteers were divided into two factors, hand meridian and foot meridian. Where as the left electric potential of those in patients with cerebral infarction were divided into three factors, one is foot meridian, another is hand meridian with the exception of large intestine meridian, and the other is large intestine meridian and also the right electric potential were divided into three factors, foot meridian, hand meridian with the exception of large intestine and lung meridian, and large intestine and lung meridian. Conclusions : In the results, healthy volunteers differ from patients in characteristic of electrical potentials, which means that we are able to catch the characteristic of meridian system by electrical potentials of well and sea points.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.84-110
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• 1996

Meridian collateral and meridian points have been the base of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy. Also the theory have composed the main portion of Oriental Medicine. But the mechanism and scientific background has not been completely eatablished, and the research on the objectification of diagnosis of meridian collateral and meridian points, and acupuncture & moxibustion therapy has been necessary nowadays. A new understanding of value of Oriental Medicine has been increasing, the scientific understanding of meridian collateral and meridian points should have been examined. The system of meridian collateral and meridian points was very interesting topics between the scientists in the world. Especially, the elucidation of function and mechanism of Qi(氣) was very important in the scientific theme of 21th century. But there has been many difficulties in the study of meridian collateral and meridian points, since the system of meridian collateral and meridian points has the complexed function and vague structure in the organism. As the one of index of meridian points, the electric current has been used. In this report, the volume of electric current on the skin around the meridian points was investigated. The results of investigation showed the meridian points have higher electric current volume than non-meridian points.