• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 2001

Bone marrow stroma is a complex tissue encompassing a number of cell types and supports hematopiesis, differentiation of erythreid, nyel and lymphoid lineages, and also maintains undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells. Marrow-derived stem cells were composed of two populations, namely, hematopoietic stem cells that can differentiate into blood elements and mesenchymal stem cells that can give rise to connective tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle, tendon, adipose and stroma. Differentiation requires environmental factors and unique intracellular signaling. For example, $TGF-{\beta}$ or BMP2 induces osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem are very exciting. However, the intrinsic controls involved in differentiation of stem cells are yet to be understood properly in order to exploit the same. This review presents an overview of the recent developments made in mesenchymal stem cell research with respect to osteogenesis.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.74.1-74.13
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• 2021

Tissue engineering has been extensively investigated and proffered to be a potential platform for novel tissue regeneration. The utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various sources has been widely explored and compared. In this regard, MSCs derived from bone marrow have been proposed and described as a promising cell resource due to their high yield of isolated cells with colony-forming potential, self-renewal capacity, MSC surface marker expression, and multi-lineage differentiation capacities in vitro. However, there is evidence for bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) both in vitro and in vivo from different species presenting identical and distinct potential stemness characteristics. In this review, the fundamental knowledge of the growth kinetics and stemness properties of BM-MSCs in different animal species and humans are compared and summarized. Finally, to provide a full perspective, this review will procure results of current information studies focusing on the use of BM-MSCs in clinical practice.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2014

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and severe type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP), and which is currently no method was developed to restore normal structure and function. There are several reports on therapeutic effects of adult stem cell transplantations in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis. However, little is known about how mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) can repair the IPF. In this study, we try to provide the evidence to show that transplanted mesenchymal stem cells directly replace fibrosis with normal lung cells using IPF model mice. As results, transplanted MSC successfully integrated and differentiated into type II lung cell which express surfactant protein. In the other hand, we examine the therapeutic effects of microvesicle treatment, which were released from mesenchymal stem cells. Though the therapeutic effects of MV treatment is less than that of MSC treatment, MV treat-ment meaningfully reduced the symptom of IPF, such as collagen deposition and inflammation. These data suggest that stem cell transplantation may be an effective strategy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis via replacement and cytoprotective effect of microvesicle released from MSCs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2005

Stem cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) transplantation have been paid attention because of their powerful proliferation and pluripotent differentiating ability. Although umbilical cord blood (UCB) is well known to be a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells with practical and ethical advantages, the presence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in UCB has been controversial and it remains to be validated. In this study, we examine the presence of MSCs in UCB harvests and the prevalence of them is compared to that of endothelial progenitor cells. For this, CD34+ and CD34- cells were isolated and cultured under the endothelial cell growth medium and mesenchymal stem cell growth medium respectively. The present study showed that ESC-like cells could be isolated and expanded from preterm UCBs but were not acquired efficiently from full-terms. They expressed CD14-, CD34-, CD45-, CD29+, CD44+, CD105+ cell surface marker and could differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Our results suggest that MSCs are fewer in full-term UCB compared to endothelial progenitor cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.126-140
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• 2022

Stem cells can be applied usefully in basic research and clinical field due to their differentiation and self-renewal capacity. The aim of this study was to establish an effective novel therapeutic cellular source and create its molecular expression profile map to elucidate the possible therapeutic mechanism and signaling pathway. We successfully obtained a mesenchymal stem cell population from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) cultured on chemically defined feeder-free conditions and treated with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and performed the expressive proteomic approach to elucidate the molecular basis. We further selected 12 differentially expressed proteins in CTGF-induced hESC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (C-hESC-MSCs), which were found to be involved in the metabolic process, immune response, cell signaling, and cell proliferation, as compared to bone marrow derived-MSCs(BM-MSCs). Moreover, these up-regulated proteins were potentially related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These results suggest that C-hESC-MSCs are a highly proliferative cell population, which can interact with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway; thus, due to the upregulated cell survival ability or downregulated apoptosis effects of C-hESC-MSCs, these can be used as an unlimited cellular source in the cell therapy field for a higher therapeutic potential. Overall, the study provided valuable insights into the molecular functioning of hESC derivatives as a valuable cellular source.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2008

Objectives : Showing that Bong-Han corpuscles(BHC) are suppliers of the stem cells in adulthood, and the Bong-Han ducts(BHD) are transportation routes of stem cells. Methods : BHC and BHD were obtained from the internal organ-surfaces of rats. The sliced BHC and BHD were immunostained with various stem cell markers. Extracellular matrices were also analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Result : The presence of mesenchymal stem cells was confirmed by the expression of Integrin beta 1, Collagen type 1 and Fibronectin. But CD54 was not expressed. The hematopoietic stem cell marker, Thy 1 was strongly expressed. BHDs showed Collagen type 1, Fibronectin, and vWF expression. Conclusion : Both hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cell markers were expressed strongly in BHC similarly as in bone marrow. An endothelial cell marker(vWF) demonstrated the possibility of the stem cell transportation routes of BHD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.28-37
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• 2003

Tissue engineering and stem cells show potentials to restore lost or malfunctioning human tissues or organs. Another cell source for tissue engineering of cardiovascular tissues is stem cell. This study reports the development of cardiovascular tissues using tissue engineering and mesenchymal stem cells. The blood vessels and heart valves were fabricated by culturing mesenchymal stem cells on biodegradable synthetic or natural matrices. Bone marrow was isolated from dogs or rats and mesenchymal stem cells were cultured. The cells were seeded onto biodegradable synthetic or natural matrices and implanted in dogs. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to examine the regenerated cardiovascular tissues. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed the complete regeneration of blood vessels and heart valves. Fluorescent labeling of cells prior to implantation and fluorescence examination of the regenerated tissues revealed that the implanted cells reconstituted the cardiovascular tissues. This study demonstrates the potential of tissue engineering and mesenchymal stem cells for the regeneration of functional cardiovascular tissues or organs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.389-398
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• 2018

p-Cresol, found at high concentrations in the serum of chronic kidney failure patients, is known to cause cell senescence and other complications in different parts of the body. p-Cresol is thought to mediate cytotoxic effects through the induction of autophagy response. However, toxic effects of p-cresol on mesenchymal stem cells have not been elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether p-cresol induces senescence of mesenchymal stem cells, and whether melatonin can ameliorate abnormal autophagy response caused by p-cresol. We found that p-cresol concentration-dependently reduced proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. Pretreatment with melatonin prevented pro-senescence effects of p-cresol on mesenchymal stem cells. We found that by inducing phosphorylation of Akt and activating the Akt signaling pathway, melatonin enhanced catalase activity and thereby inhibited the accumulation of reactive oxygen species induced by p-cresol in mesenchymal stem cells, ultimately preventing abnormal activation of autophagy. Furthermore, preincubation with melatonin counteracted other pro-senescence changes caused by p-cresol, such as the increase in total 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase expression and decrease in the level of phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin. Ultimately, we discovered that melatonin restored the expression of senescence marker protein 30, which is normally suppressed because of the induction of the autophagy pathway in chronic kidney failure patients by p-cresol. Our findings suggest that stem cell senescence in patients with chronic kidney failure could be potentially rescued by the administration of melatonin, which grants this hormone a novel therapeutic role.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.479-488
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• 2007

In spite of the attention given to the study of mesenchymal stem cells derived periodontal ligament (PDL), there is a lack of information about canine PDL cells. In this study, we characterized canine PDL cells to clarify their stem cell properties, including self renewal, proliferate rate, stem cell markers and multipotency. PDL cells were obtained from extracted premolars of canines, following a colony forming assay and proliferation rate of sub-confluent cultures of cells for self-renewal, immunostaining for STRO-1 and CD146/MUC18 and a differentiation assay for multipotency. Canine PDL cells formed single-cells colonies and 25% of the PDL cells displayed positive staining for BrdU. The cells expressed the mesenchymal stem-cell markers, STRO-1 and CD146/MUC18. Under defined culture conditions, the cells differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes, but the cells didn't differentiated into chondrocytes. The findings of this study indicated that the canine PDL cells possess crucial stem cells properties, such as self-renewal and multipotency, and express the mesenchymal stem cell markers on their surface. The isolation and characterization of canine PDL cells makes it feasible to pursue preclinical models of periodontal regeneration in canine.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the multipotent capacity and this potential can be applied for obtaining valuable cell types which can use for cell therapy on various regenerative diseases. However, insufficient availability of cellular source is the major problem in cell therapy field using adult stem cell sources. Recently, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been highlighted to overcome a limitation of adult cellular sources because they retain unlimited proliferation capacity and pluripotency. To use of hESCs in cell therapy, above all, animal pathogen free culture system and purification of a specific target cell population to avoid teratoma formation are required. In this study, we describe the differentiation of a mesenchymal stem cell-like cells population from feeder-free cultured hESCs(hESC-MSCs) using direct induction system. hESC-MSCs revealed characteristics similar to MSCs derived from bone marrow, and undifferentiated cell markers were extremely low in hESC-MSCs in RT-PCR, immunostaining and FACS analyses. Thus, this study proffer a basis of effective generation of specialized human mesenchymal stem cell types which can use for further clinical applications, from xenofree cultured hESCs using direct induction system.